• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.275-277
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• 2007

Recent activation of DMB has enabled various high quality video, audio and data services. And there are various user facilities functions using digital data transmission. One of the various user facilities functions is EPG(Electronic Program Guide). EPG supports schedule of programs on screen for. audiences. EPG is composed to time, title, channel, genre etc. Users can select a program what they want to browsing. Currently EPG services are displaying program schedule on screen visually and make users to input ke:ywords with keypads, remote control devices or touch screen etc. However, this approach could cause a serious restriction to some users like to drivers or visually handicapped persons. A standard for a voice EPG to T-DMB is proposed. This method must be transferred VoiceXML based EPG files from the transmitter to receivers. This approach has a problem to process a standardization because the transmitter and receivers should be modified. We proposed and implemented a voice EPG platform that generates the voice EPG files from T-DMB SI without transferring voice EPG file from the transmitter.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of voice improvement when vocal training, which relaxes the vocal contact, is applied to children with vocal nodules. Subjects included 20 5- to 12-year-old boys with vocal nodules in Otolaryngology and for whom voice therapy had been advised. The vocal therapy was conducted for 40 minutes per a week for a total of eight times. Results were evaluated by videostroboscopy, auditory-perceptual evaluation of GRBAS Scale, aerodynamic test, and acoustic analysis before and after therapy. As a result, first, the size of vocal nodules was reduced and the unstable pattern of vocal contact was improved. Glottic closure was increased and Phase symmetry was decreased during vocal vibration. Mucosal wave was increased and muscle tension of the larynx was reduced. Second, auditory-perceptual evaluation showed that subjects' overall quality of voice improved. GRBAS Scale Evaluation showed that the characteristics of the subjects' voice which were rough, breathy, and strained and breathy were reduced after therapy. Third, the measurements of acoustic parameters showed a statistically significant improvement. The fundamental frequency of the subejects' voice was increased and values of Jitter and Shimmer, NHR, [H1-H2] decreased. Fourth, the maximum phonation time of children was increased. These results imply that vocal relaxation training conducted in this study has a very positive effect to improve the voice of children with vocal nodules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2004

Background and Objective : Voice disorders are one of the major occupational hazards of school teaching. Prolonged voice use through verbal instruction has been implicated as a cause of vocal impairment among members of this profession. They all depend on their voice for their livelihood and are greatly alarmed by slightest alteration in voice quality. Despite considerable research in the area of voice problems in teachers, the prevalence of voice disorders in this group is unknown. Severe voice problems can affect teacher's ability to teach in the classroom. Materials and Method : This study investigated the prevalence of self-reported voice problems in teachers using a survey of a simple random sample of middle school teachers (n=1000). As part of the survey, teachers were asked to report voice problems for the day of the survey, duration, main symptom, smoking, caffeine, alcohol history etc. Results : The reponse rate was 91%(n=94) with 89.7%(n=812) teachers reporting voice problems on the day of the survey, and 40%(n=330) of these group reporting the history of medical consult. Conclusion : These finding indicate a need for vocal hygiene education in teachers and for the development of educational programs aimed at preventing voice problems in this group of professional voice users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2004

Objectives : The total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer has made patients be afraid of voice loss. Early staged glottic or supraglottic cancer can be treated with conservative laryngeal surgery which preserve voice, though which was not normal voice comparing before. Voice analysis is used to evaluates objectively the quality of the voice in pre- and postoperation, 4 different types of conservative laryngeal surgery : laser cordectomy, supracticoid partial laryngectomy, vertical partial laryngectomy, and supralottic laryngectomy. Materials and Methods : The patients who received conservative laryngeal surgery(laser cordectomy : 23 cases, vertical partial laryngecotmy : 9cases, supracriocoid partial laryngectomy : 6cases, supraglottic laryngectomy : 8cases) from 1995 to 2001 in the Asan medical center. Fundamental frequency(F0), shimmer, jitter, noise to harmony ratio(NHR), maximum comfortable phonation time and subglottic pressure were used as parameters for voice analysis. Results : The patients who received laser cordectomy(shimmer : 5.26${\pm}$1.12%, jitter : 3.33${\pm}$0.42%, NHR : 0.47${\pm}$0.02, MPT : 9.32${\pm}$3.59sec) and supraglottic laryngectomy(shimmer : 4.39${\pm}$1.03%, jitter : 1.49${\pm}$0.14%, NHR : 0.51${\pm}$0.06, MPT : 8.9${\pm}$0.59sec) showed better results than other two procedures, but differed from normal value. Especially the patients who received supracricoid partial laryngectomy(shimmer : 9.23${\pm}$1.56%, jitter : 5.81${\pm}$1.23%, NHR : 5.89${\pm}$1.13, MPT : 6.3${\pm}$1.18sec, MFR : 632${\pm}$89ml/sec) had poorer quality of voice but presented fast functional recovery time, and the subjective symptom was improved as time goes by slowly. Conclusion : The appropriate conservative laryngeal surgery for each cancers and stage can preserve the acceptable voice for patients. Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for T1b glottic cancer can be used for acceptable voice despite its poor voice analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.227-236
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• 2005

We study, in terms of VoIP user assessment of voice quality, the synchronization of measurement system is important. Commonly the synchronization system uses NTP(Network Time Protocol) or GPS(Global Positioning System), these synchronization method has time error of distance, system overhead of data processing, and system specialized clock error. we propose and implement the synchronization method to correct time error between two measurement system in the internet. So the time synchronization of systems can get time error, then user assessment of voice quality become reliable.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5917-5935
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• 2018

Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec is one of the codecs which is used for making voice calls. It helps to connect people who are scattered in various geographical areas. It adjusts its bit-rate according to the user's channel conditions. It plays a vital role in providing an improved speech quality of voice connection in Long Term Evolution (LTE). There are some constraints which need to be addressed in providing this service profitably. Quality of Service (QoS) is the dominant mechanism which determines the quality of the speech in communication. On several occasions, number of users are trying to access the same channel simultaneously by standing in a particular region for a longer period of time. It refers to Multi-user channel sharing problem which leads to resource loss very often. The main aim of this paper is to develop a novel RSA - QoS scheduling algorithm for reducing the Resource Loss Ratio. Eventually, it increases the throughput.The simulation result shows that the RSA - QoS increases the number of users for accessing the resources better than the existing algorithms in terms of resource loss and throughput. Ultimately, it enhances the QoS in Mobile Networks.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2010

Vocal process granuloma can occur commonly by laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), vocal abuse or misuse. It has been reported that voice therapy is employed with medication therapy for the patients who has vocal process granuloma, however research about effect of voice therapy can be hardly founded. For that matter, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic method we implement. Thirty one patients who has been diagnosed with vocal process granuloma from January, 2007 to June, 2009 participated in this study. 19 patients among them are provided voice therapy and medication, 12 patients take only medication. Voice therapy is implemented ranging from 5 to 19 sessions (mean: 8.6 sessions). We provided explanation about problem each patient has, voice rest, SKMVTT$^{(R)}$, abdominal breathing, and relaxation in session. All subjects were examined by videostroboscopy, perceptual assessment, acoustic and aerodynamic measures. Consequantly, the greater part of the patients (78.9%) who is treated by voice therapy and medication are confirmed disappearance or decrease of granuloma, it shows better results compared with the group provided only medication (66.7%). Especially, the period of drug administration is 3.7 months in the group runs parallel with voice therapy, the period of other group is 7.8 months. The results of acoustic and aerodynamic measures after treating indicates there are significant decrease in Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR, and increase in MPT, Psub (p<.05). However, there is no large difference statistically even though voice quality has improved since the therapy. In conclusion, it is verified that the voice therapy to the vocal process granuloma patients taking medication is effectual method, we recommend combining voice therapy with medication when treatment is needed for the vocal process granuloma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2014

The presbyphonia is a combination of physiological and structural changes due to aging of the larynx in elderly patients with voice problems. Some of these changes are inevitable, while others may be avoidable or reversible. The fatigue of phonation is the most common clinical symptom of the aging voice. The voice problems with aging are produced from variable causes including the organic lesions of the larynx. It is essential that the curers understand physiologic and pathologic changes of aging voice for minimizing glottal incompetence and improving vocal performance and quality of life of the elderly.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a QoS-sensitive admission threshold method for the transmission of the non-real tine data packet such that the quality of services for both voice and data traffics are maintained to a required level. By detecting the active voice traffic during the current time slot, the non-real-time data packets are transmitted up to an admission threshold level during the next time slot. We found out that the optimum admission threshold is four voice traffic resources lower from the maximum allowable threshold to maintain the outage probability within 1% when the connected voice users are 15.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

This paper investigates the relationship between acoustic characteristics and voice handicap index for 29 males with esophageal speakers. Acoustic characteristics were measured by using a sustained vowel /a/ three times. The stable vocalization for 2 seconds was analyzed by MDVP program. Specifically, relationships between four VHI scores (total, functional, physical, and emotional) and three acoustic characteristics (jitter, shimmer, and NHR) were investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. As results, we found no relationship between NHR and VHI scores. However, both jitter and shimmer had statistically significant correlations with all four VHI scores. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with esophageal speakers. Further research could be done to examine the overall quality of life survey, which is widely used as a subjective measure about voice for patients with esophageal speakers.