• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
• /
• pp.471-475
• /
• 2000

Voice and data are transmitted over a single packetized data communications network which is designed for data communications. The public switched telephone network for voice and the packet data network for data are merging into a single data network to get efficiency and to reduce operational cost. However, integrating voice and data transmission over a single data network is not easy because voice should be transmitted without delay but data should be transmitted without error. Advances in technology begin to overcome basic differences. Several integration methods in voice and data will be examined and reviewed here. Moreover, trends and problems on integration will be also discussed.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.179-196
• /
• 1986

본 논문에서는 통계적 패킷 음성/데이터 다중화기의 성능을 연구하였다. 성능해석은 음성과 데이터가 서로 분리된 한정된 queue를 사용하고, 전송에 있어서 음성이 데이터보다 우선권을 갖는 것을 가정하고, 다중화기의 출력 link를 시간 slot단위로 나누고 음성은 (M+1)-state의 Markov Process로, 데이터는 Poisson process로 modeling 하여 수행하였다. 전송시 음성신호가 데이터 신호보다 우선권을 가지므로 음성의 queueing behavior는 data에 거의 영향을 받지 않는다. 다라서 본 연구에서는 음성의 queueing behavior를 먼저 해석한 다음 data의 queueing behavior를 해석하였다. 패킷 음성 다중화기의 성능 해석은 입력상태와 buffer의 점유를 2차원의 Markov chain을 가지고 formulation하였고, 집적된 음성/data의 다중화기는 data를 추가한 3차원 Markov chain으로 하였다. 이러한 model을 사용하여 Gauss-Seidel방법으로 결과를 얻고 simulation으로 입증하였다. 이들 결과로 부터 음성 가입자의 수, 출력 link용량, 음성의 queue크기, 음성의 overflow확률에서는 서로 trade-off가 있고 data에서도 비슷한 tradeoff가 있음을 알았다. 또한 입력 traffic량과 link의 용량에 따라서 음성과 데이타간의 성능에서 서로 tradeoff가 있고, TASI의 이득이 2이상이고 음성가입자의 수가 적을 경우 데이타의 평균 지연시간은 buffer의 최대길이 보다 길음을 알아내었다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a medium access control protocol is proposed for integrated voice and data services in wireless local networks. Uplink channels for the proposed protocol are composed of time slots with multiple spreading codes per slot based on slotted code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The proposed protocol uses spreading code sensing and reservation schemes. This protocol gives higher access priority to delay-sensitive voice traffic than to data traffic. The voice terminal reserves an available spreading code to transmit multiple voice packets during a talkspurt. On the other hand, the data terminal transmits a packet without making a reservation over one of the available spreading codes that are not used by voice terminals. In this protocol, voice packets do not come into collision with data packets. The numerical results show that this protocol can increase the system capacity for voice service by applying the reservation scheme. The performance for data traffic will decrease in the case of high voice traffic load because of its low access priority. But it shows that the data traffic performance can be increased in proportion to the number of spreading codes.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2021

군의 음성 통신망에서 음성 통신 내용의 보안은 필수적일 것이다. 군 통신망의 음성 데이터 보안에 대해 제안된 연구는 없으나 통신 시에 음성 데이터의 보안은 필수적으로 요구될 것이다. 본 논문은 군내 통신망에서 음성 통화 시 보안을 제공하기 위한 디지털 음성 데이터의 암호화/복호화 기법에 관한 것이다. 또한 AES를 이용한 대칭키 알고리즘을 사용함으로써 비밀 키가 필요한 데 이 키를 음성 통화로 설정 전에 수신단으로 송신하는 기능을 가져 비밀 키 분배의 어려움을 해결하였다. 본 논문에서는 스트림 암호화 기법 중에서도 동기 상실 시에도 동기 복원이 비교적 용이한 동기식 스트림 암호화 방식을 적용한 디지털 음성 데이터의 보안 기법을 제안한다.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.179-200
• /
• 2007

In voice pathology, various measurements calculated from pitch values are proposed to show voice quality. However, those measurements frequently seem to be inaccurate and unreliable because they are based on some wrong pitch values determined from pathological voice data. In order to solve the problem, we compared several pitch estimation methods to propose a better one in pathological voices. From the database of 99 pathological voice and 30 normal voice data, errors derived from pitch estimation were analyzed and compared between pathological and normal voice data or among the vowels produced by patients with benign vocal fold lesions. Results showed that gross pitch errors were observed in the cases of pathological voice data. From the types of pathological voices classified by the degree of aperiodicity in the speech signals, we found that pitch errors were closely related to the number of aperiodic segments. Also, the autocorrelation approach was found to be the most robust pitch estimation in the pathological voice data. It is desirable to conduct further research on the more severely pathological voice data in order to reduce pitch estimation errors.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3B호
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2000

Future microcellular systems will require distributed network control. A packet-switched network is suitable for this requirement. The packet reservation multiple access(PRMA) is a Reservation-ALOHA like protocol for wireless terminals to transmit packet speech to a base station. It allows spatially distributed users in cellular systems to transmit packeted voice and data to a common base station using a shared channel. In the existing PRMA, the problem is that the voice packets may collide with the data packets due to simultaneous channel access. the problem may be a major performance degradation factor to a voice and data mixed system. We propose a new PRMA method that integrates voice and data traffic efficiently by resolving the collision problem between data and voice packets. The proposed PRMA method gives a performance improvement than the existing PRAMA method in terms of voice packet dropping probability and data delay characteristic. From analytic results, we can confirm that the proposed PRMA method show a performance improvement than the existing PRMA protocol.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.277-287
• /
• 1992

본 논문에서는 음성 트래픽을 동기 모드로, 데이타 트래픽을 비동기 모드로 집적시켜 전송하는 FDDI 통신망에 대하여 수학적 분석과 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 성능을 분석 한다. 음성과 데이타의 평균 패킷 대기 시간을 구하기 위하여, 음성은 Marcov 모델에서 발음 부분과 묵음 부분이 교대로 나타나는 모델로 하며, 데이타는 TRT와 TTRT의 차이 시간동안 전송하는 모델로 하는 경우, 음성과 데이타의 패킷 대기 시간을 구하여 동기모드와 비동기 모드 사이의 전송관계에 대하여 연구하였다. 연구 결과 동기/ 비동기 집적 방식으로 음성과 데이타를 집적하여 전송하여도 음성 채널 용량의 제약없이 데이타를 집적 시킬 수 있었으며, 데이타 전송도 작은 대기 시간내에 신속하게 전송할 수가 있었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2001

Aims of study : The purpose of this study is to measure the chronic and daily voice burden of the professionals in their actual working places. These will be a valuable guideline for preventing and controlling the voice production of professionals. Material and method : Our study was selected to the 10 female telephone operators in the Asan Medical Center, ages ranging from 22 to 38 years old. The symptoms and acoustic analysis of both telephone operators and the controls were evaluated before and after their working. The symptoms were evaluated with questionaires, and the acoustic analysis was measured by using CSL (computerized speech laboratory) system. Results : The symptoms of the professional voice abusers are same as those symptoms in laryngeal fatigue. The acoustic analysis before their working were significantly increased in jitter and shimmer, in comparison with the data of the control. This shows that the experimental group is exposed to the chronic burden of voice production. The jitter, shimmer, and NHR after their working are significantly increased in comparison with the data of the acoustic analysis before their working. This also shows that the experimental group is exposed to the daily burden of voice production. Conclusion : The acoustic analysis of the professional voice overusers has objectively measured that there are chronic and daily overloading to the voice of operators, and these will be a valuable data for preventing and controlling the professionals that abuse their voice.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제52호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2004

In this study, we investigated acoustic characteristics of imitated utterances by a professional voice imitator, focusing on prosodic properties such as vowel formants and f0 distribution. To see the patterns of a voice imitation by a professional voice imitator, we compared the imitator's voice data with target speakers' voice data. The professional imitator, Mr. Bae produced utterances imitating the former President Kim's, the comedian Choi's, and the singer Bae's voices. Auditorily, the imitator was judged to imitate all the target speakers' voices successfully. However, acoustic examination showed that the imitator was better at imitating the singer Bae's voice in that the imitator's and the singer Bae's voices are more alike with respect to vowel formants and f0 distribution. We infer this is because the imitator's normal voice is very similar to the singer Bae's voice. On the other hand, the imitator's voice data showed that the patterns of vowel formants and f0 distribution found in the imitator's imitation voices of the other two target speakers were different from those of target speakers' voices.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2019

VoIP technology is a technology for exchanging voice or video data through IP network. Various protocols are used for this technique, in particular, RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) protocol is used to exchange voice data. In recent years, with the development of communication technology, there has been an increasing tendency of services such as "Kakao Voice Talk" to exchange voice and video data through IP network. Most of these services provide a service with security guarantee by a user authentication process and an encryption process. However, RTP protocol does not require encryption when transmitting data. Therefore, there is an exposition risk in the voice data using RTP protocol. We will present the risk of the situation where packets are sniffed in VoIP(Voice over IP) communication using RTP protocol. To this end, we configured a VoIP telephone network, applied our own sniffing tool, and analyzed the sniffed packets to show the risk that users' data could be exposed unprotected.