• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 1997

Background : For example, aerodynamic study, vibratory study, acoustic study, neuro-muscular test and psychoacoustic evaluation, a number of objective methods are now available for assessing pathologic voice change. They help to differentiate pathologic condition from normal condition and to monitor pathologic and aging change. These laboratory analyses are used commonly to monitor speech therapy and to follow a patient's recovery after surgery. Objectives : We investigated the values of jitter, shimmer and NNE of normal person and hoarseness patients in Korea. The values of Jitter and shimmer might be meaningful parameters distinguishing pathologic vibration from normal and recovery after surgery. Materials and Methods : Statistical significance between normal control and 48 subjects taken microlaryngeal surgery were compared with Dr. speech science program that is computerized system for acoustic analysis of voice production employed to determine vocal characteristics of pitch perturbation(jitter) and amplitude perturbation(shimmer). Results : The mean normal values of jitter and shimmer were 0.226${\pm}$0.110(%), 2.200${\pm}$0.421(%) in male and 0.164${\pm}$0.060(%), 2.063 ${\pm}$0.575(%) in female. In patients with vocal nodule, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valueless. In patients with vocal polyps, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valuable. Conclusion : Dr. speech science program was effective to monitor laryngeal disease and aging changes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects postural changes on respiratory muscles and acoustic parameters of the children with spastic cerebral palsy. Nine children with spastic cerebral palsy who required assistance when walking were selected. The ages of the children ranged from 6 to 9 years old. The phonation of the sustained vowel /a/ and the voice qualities of each child such as fundamental frequency($F_0$; Hz), pitch variation (Jitter; %), amplitude variation (Shimmer; %) and noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) were analyzed by Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). The muscle activity of three major respiratory muscles: pectoralis major muscle, upper trapezius muscle and rectus abdorminalis muscle, were measured by examining the root mean square (RMS) of the surface EMG to investigate the impact of changes in the adjusted sitting posture of each subject. However, the RMS of pectoralis major muscle showed a significant differences (p<.05). Secondly, there were no significant differences in $F_0$, Jitter and Shimmer between pre and post posture change, but there was a significant difference in NHR (p<.05). The data were collected in each individual; once prior and once after the sitting posture change. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed ranks-test using SPSS version 14.0 for Windows. The findings of this study were as follows; Firstly, the RMS of upper trapezius and rectus abdorminalis muscle were not significant different between pre and post sitting posture changes. From the result, it is concluded that changes in the adjusted sitting posture decreases the abnormal respiratory patterns in the children with spastic cerebral palsy which is characterized by the hyperactivity of the respiratory muscles in breathing. Also, there is increased on the voice qualities in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37A no.9
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• pp.792-798
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• 2012

Network Quotient, an important figure in modern society, the intelligibility of speech as a conversation partner to maximize pulling up feeling of liking it as much as possible has become an important issue. The humidity of air in the intelligibility of speech have many influences. Therefore, in this paper, we carried out experiment to apply voice signal analysis techniques which to analyze influenced vocal cords in 30%, 50% and 80%, maintaining a constant humidity of the environment. With this in mind, we carried out experiments on intensity and pitch of voice signal on twenty male 20s in maintaining a constant humidity 30%, 50% and 80% of humidity. Finally, we carried out study to draw a significance through statistical analysis measuring characteristic parameter of vocal cord function to change of humidity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.2110-2116
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• 2009

The culture industry very have interested in modern society so that it is a field to be provided opportunity to can benefits of life with health, medical industry. Especially, music industry to have based on popular support has acknowledged as artistic value to can easily approach that expresses a feeling to exist together with popularity, originality. In this paper, we will want to design indicators to evaluate a singer's musical talent to can speak a key part in these music industry. From this, we applied analysis elements of spectrogram to perform in change of vocal tract shape in singer's voice and public voice about identical music, and performed comparison, analysis of two groups to experiment pattern analysis of result waveform. Therefore, we analyzed pattern in change of vocal tract shape choice a popular music using of experiment to collect singer and public voice about identical part with time so that we designed indicator to can evaluate musicality.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.3627-3641
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• 2021

Fintech, which stands for financial technology, is growing fast globally since the economic crisis hit the United States in 2008. Fintech companies are striving to secure a competitive advantage over existing financial services by providing efficient financial services utilizing the latest technologies. Fintech companies can be classified into several areas according to their business solutions. Among the Fintech sector, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending companies are leading the domestic Fintech industry. P2P lending is a method of lending funds directly to individuals or businesses without an official financial institution participating as an intermediary in the transaction. The rapid growth of P2P lending companies has now reached a level that threatens secondary financial markets. However, as the growth rate increases, so does the potential risk factor. In addition to government laws to protect and regulate P2P lending, further measures to reduce the risk of P2P lending accidents have yet to keep up with the pace of market growth. Since most P2P lenders do not implement their own credit rating system, they rely on personal credit scores provided by credit rating agencies such as the NICE credit information service in Korea. However, it is hard for P2P lending companies to figure out the intentional loan default of the borrower since most borrowers' credit scores are not excellent. This study analyzed the voices of telephone conversation between the loan consultant and the borrower in order to verify if it is applicable to determine the personal credit score. Experimental results show that the change in pitch frequency and change in voice pitch frequency can be reliably identified, and this difference can be used to predict the loan defaults or use it to determine the underlying default risk. It has also been shown that parameters extracted from sample voice data can be used as a determinant for classifying the level of personal credit ratings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The normal data of the Korean has been reported, but there is no basic data of professional western classical singers who have learned how to control the flow of expiratory air for singing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal aerodynamic data of korean professional western classical singers and compare this with that of the Korean Materials and Methods : 50 Korean western classical singers were studied. Expiratory lung pressure combined with measurements of the mean air flow rate, voice frequency and intensity were measured with the aerodynamic test using airway interruption method. These data were compared with normal data of untrained normal adults. Results and Conclusions : The voice frequency and the voice intensity were increased in the western classic singers, but the mean air flow rate and the expiratory air pressure of the classical singers were within the same range of the untrained normal adults. This result means that western classical singers can change the loudness and pitch with a little increased or decreasing the mean air flow and the expiratory air pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.2 s.107
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• pp.183-189
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• 2006

In mobile phones of multimedia era, microspeakers of high qualify sound are essential parts to generate human voice in speaker phone and MP3 song player. In this paper, two types of microspeakers, outer permanent magnet (PM) and combined PM type, are analyzed using electromagnetic, mechanical and their coupling analysis. For performance comparison, voice coil diameter is chosen as a design parameter to change excitation position and magnet volume for both types. For combined PM type, sound pressure level (SPL) is improved due to increased PM volume compared to outer PM type. Also, with the decreased voice coil diameter for combined PM type, the 1st resonant mode of the diaphragm is more efficiently excited due to concentrative excitation, resulting in lower and broader frequency range. Therefore, it can be said that the combined PM type microspeakers are more advantageous for high performance microspeaker which are essential for multimedia era.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.758-761
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• 2002

Voice of U(VoIP) technology Provides voice service as well as data service via Internet. It has been a promising technology as Internet grows fast and the requirements are increasing. Recently, serveral protocols have been created to allow telephone calls to be made over IP networks, notably, SIP and H.323. Due to introducing SIP and H.323, There are many change at internet telephony service. Internet telephony enables a wealth of new service possibility Users can control telephony service directly. In this paper, we design and implementation CPL client based on SIP system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.497-502
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• 2005

In mobile phones of multimedia era, microspeakers of high quality sound are essential parts to generate human voice in speaker phone and MP3 song player. In this paper, two types of microspeakers, outer permanent magnet (PM) and combined PM type, are analyzed using electromagnetic, mechanical, acoustical and their coupling analysis. For performance comparison, voice coil diameter is chosen as a design parameter to change excitation position and magnet volume for both types. For combined PM type, sound pressure level (SPL) is improved due to increased PM volume compared to outer PM type. Also, with the decreased voice coil diameter for combined PM type, the 1st resonant mode of the diaphragm is more efficiently excited due to concentrative excitation, resulting in lower and broader frequency range. Therefore, it can be said that the combined PM type microspeakers are more advantageous for high performance microspeaker which are essential for multimedia era.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.619-623
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• 2018

Mucosal bridges of vocal fold have been described as a parallel band to vocal folds with the presence of sulcus vocalis. However, the type of mucosal bridge crossing each vocal fold has not been well documented in the literature. Herein, we present two cases of mucosal bridge found in the vocal fold connecting the mid-portions of true vocal folds. Two patients who had no history of laryngeal trauma, surgery or oro-tracheal intubation visited our clinic due to voice change. Laryngoscopic examination revealed that they had a mid-portion mucosal band without any other mucosal lesions. Two patients underwent laryngomicrosurgery with pulsed dye laser. After the surgery, they showed significant improvement of voice quality.