• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Sea Dong-Il's technique on voice quality in patients with vocal nodules and phonasthenia (vocal fatigue). Ten patients (4 nodules and 6 vocal fatigue) participated in the study. Each subject was assessed acoustically (Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, NNE) in the first and last session. Dr. Speech (version 3.4, Tiger-DRS) was used to compare acoustic parameters of pre-and post-treatment. Sea Dong-Il's technique consisted of breathing exercise, relaxation exercise, and phonation exercise. The results were as follows: First, Sea Dong- Il's technique tended to be effective on improving voice quality in patients with phonasthenia and vocal nodules. Second, the nature of improvements were as follows: there was a significant difference between pre-and post-treatment in shimmer (p < .01) and NNE (p < .001), while there was no significant difference between pre-and post-treatment in Fo and Jitter. Finally, given the fact that the number of subjects was only 10, the jitter might have shown a significant difference if more subjects participated in the experiment.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between the Vocal indicators and the 'Buzhongyiqi-Tang questionnaire' and the 'Chalder fatigue scale.' Methods : This study examined the mean value of each factor in the 'Buzhongyiqi-Tang Questionnaire,' 'Chalder fatigue scale' and the different voice indicators conducted on 81 healthy adult participants in relation to the results of the /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ pronunciation test. Results : There was significant correlation between the pronunciation of /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ /u/ vowels' F0 indexes and 'the Deficiency symptoms of Buzhongyiqi-Tang'. The results of the regression analysis showed the following significant findings for each pronouncing vowels: /i/ as a factor for 'the Deficiency symptoms of Buzhongyiqi-Tang'.; /a/ for 'the Consumptive fever of Buzhongyiqi-Tang'.; /i/ for 'the Vocal inflammation of Buzhongyiqi-Tang.; and /e/ as a factor of 'the Chadler physical fatigue'. Conclusions : The study showed a negative correlation between the Fundamental Frequency and the mean value of the questionnaire, which could be understood as higher the fatigue level, increased level of vocal vibration and higher pitch tone compared to the less fatigued group. We expect future studies to conduct research on methods to diagnose other illnesses using the vocal indicators based on the correlation between the vocal index and illnesses prescribed under traditional oriental medicine.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

Voice is a physical phenomenon, generated by vocal fold and expiratory airflow. Dysphonia should come from abnormal vocal fold and airflow. Occassionally larynx looks normal in show, but it is actually not. There should be undetected structural or functional abnormalities. So when ENT doctors face dysphonia patients who looks normal larynx, should make a diagnosis through close observation. In this review article we present some dysphonia diseases which looks normal larynx. For example vocal fatigue, vocal fold paresis, posterior glottic diastasis, muscle tension dysphonia and psychogenic dysphonia.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2022

대전·충남지역 20-30대 여성 언어재활사 50명을 대상으로 주관적 음성 피로도 설문과 더불어 하루 4회기를 기준으로 언어치료 전/후 음성 샘플 수집을 하였다. 연구 결과, Korean Vocal Fatigue Index의 음성 피로로 인한 음성 사용회피 항목과 음성 사용으로 인한 신체 피로 항목에서 피로 집단과 피로 없는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 두 집단의 음향음성학적 특성과 관련하여, 두 집단 모두 치료 후 저주파 대역 에너지가 상대적으로 낮아지고 고주파 대역 에너지가 상승하는 패턴을 보였다. 이러한 특징이 분산분석 결과, 주 효과로 나타난 low to high-ratio[t1(time.1)>t2(time.2)], slope_ltas(t2>t1), 3rd formant's energy(t1>t2), high energy(t2>t1) 등에 잘 반영되어 있다. 집단 간 차이는 음향변수들 중 치료 전 모음 연장발성 스펙트럼 저주파 대역의 에너지인 low energy에서만 관찰되었고 피로 없는 집단의 값이 더 컸다(no.fatigue>fatigue in t1). 음향변수에서의 이러한 특징과 더불어 치료 세션 후 피로 없는 집단의 연결발화에서의 왜도 증가는 장시간의 목소리 노동으로 인한 성대 과긴장(higher muscle tonus)과 목소리 남용 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. 섭동변수 shimmer_local은 피로 없는 집단이 언어치료 후 낮아졌고(t1>t2), 켑스트럼 변수인 RNR(rhamonics to noise ratio)은 언어치료 후 값이 높아졌다(t2>t1). NHR(noise to harmonic ratio)은 두 집단 모두 치료 후 낮아졌다. NHR의 감소와 shimmer_local의 하강은 치료 세션을 진행하면서 발성 과정이 안정화되었거나 혹은 전문 지식이 있는 언어재활사(특히 피로 없는 집단)들의 효율적 목소리 사용이 기여했다고 결론지을 수 있다. 피로 없는 집단의 경우는 치료 후에 RNR값이 유의하게 커졌으므로 치료 후 오히려 조화음(harmonic) 구조가 더 안정되었다고도 말할 수 있을 것이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

본 연구는 임상현장에서 직업에 따라 요구되는 음성문제를 이해하는데 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하기 위해 전문 음성 사용자인 직업배우와 직업적 음성사용자인 언어재활사의 주관적 음성증상을 조사하여 그 빈도를 알아보고, 두 집단 간의 주관적 음성증상에 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 그 결과, 두 집단은 동일하게 11개의 증상 중 '노래 시 고음발성 곤란', '말할 때 목에 힘이 들어감', '음성피로감'이 고빈도 증상으로 나타났다. 두 집단의 주관적 음성증상을 비교한 결과 직업적 음성사용자 집단은 전문 음성사용자 집단에 비해 '노래 시 저음발성 곤란(p=.049)', '쉰 목소리(p=.021)', '말할 때 힘이 듦(p=.032)', '말할 때 목에 통증이 있음(p=.009)', '음성피로감(p=.018)'의 빈도가 더 빈번한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 두 집단의 음성사용 환경이 다르고, 직업활동 시 요구되는 발성의 차이로 인한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2021

Background and Objectives This study compares Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) scores according to the presence or absence of external laryngeal tension in hyperfunctional voice disorder. And through this, it is to confirm the usefulness of VFI to hypertension of extrinsic laryngeal muscles. Materials and Method The subjects were 61 female diagnosed with hyperfunctional voice disorder (hypertension group 41, non-hypertension group 20). The author palpated extrinsic laryngeal muscles for evaluation of hypertension and classified them as the presence or absence. The voice measurements were jitter, shimmer, Korean-Voice Handicap Index-10 (K-VHI-10), and Korean-Vocal Fatigue Index (K-VFI). The voice compared were according to the diagnosis and presence of hypertension only for patients with hyperfunctional voice disorder. Results As a result of comparing the voice measurement according to the presence or absence of hypertension, there was no significant difference in the acoustic variables, K-VHI-10 and K-VFI-Total, K-VFI-Fatigue. Whereas, K-VFI-Physical (p=0.006) and K-VFI-Rest (p=0.022) were significantly higher in the hypertension group. Conclusion These results indicate that the hypertension group has more physical discomfort and less voice recovery than the group without hypertension. It means that K-VFI can measure the physical discomfort and limitations of voice recovery due to hypertension of the external laryngeal muscle. The VFI can be used as one of the methods to evaluate the hypertension of the external laryngeal muscle in Hyperfunctional voice disorder.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1997

Incomplete glottic closure of vocal cord atrophy is the common cause of dysphonia. Patients with vocal cord atrophy have complaints such as dysphonia, vocal fatigue, abnormal sensation in the throat, laryngeal pain, cough or sputum like functional voice disorders. Many investigators could not confirm the pathologic laryngeal structure because of their minute pathology. But recent advancements of laryngeal examinations made the many clinicians to detect minimal laryngeal pathology and to have mind the treatment for the vocal cord atrophy. But the results were less effective than their thoughts, the reasons of ineffectiveness were not known well. Authors have found the Hyperfunctional movement of the supraglottis during phonation before and after thyroplasty type I for vocal cord atrophy. Then we have applied the combined modality treatment with thyroplaty type I and voice therapy for relieve of hypefunctional movement of the supraglottis. These options have had more imporved results.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

Voice disorders are most common in female teachers due to work-related vocal demands; however, only a few studies tried to evaluate individual risk factors with work-related risk factors to diagnose voice disorders. This study evaluated sixty-seven female elementary teachers (36 with voice disorders and 31 without voice disorders) to compare their vocal misuse, overuse, and vocal hygiene behaviors. Total Voice Handicap Index scores and VHI subscale (P, E, F) scores were not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05) and there was no relationship between VHI and acoustic measures (p>0.05). Loud talking, talking in noisy situations, and excessive speaking were significantly more frequent in female teachers with voice disorders (p<0.05) and thereby these overuse and misuse behavioral patterns were identified as risk factors to develop voice disorders in female teachers. Also, hydration was the most common behavior for vocal hygiene when experiencing vocal fatigue; however, hydration with hot green tea or coffee and throat clearing were often misused for vocal hygiene. This study found that female teachers from both groups presented higher voice handicap regardless of voice disorders. This study suggests a multidimensional voice assessment protocol is required to reflect voice problems in teachers and a vocal education program may be important to improve vocal hygiene knowledge and behavioral changes in female teachers.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of eating a raw egg by professional or nonprofessional voice users on their voice quality and the duration of the effect. 20 professional voice users and 20 nonprofessional voice users participated in the experiment and they had gone through stroboscopy to have no vocal or laryngeal diseases. The voice exam was performed three times: before eating a raw egg (1st period), right after eating it (2nd period), and 10 minutes later (3rd period). By using Multi-dimensional Voice Program which is a software of Computerized Speech Lab 4500 as a voice analysis instrument, the authors checked the F0, Jitter, Shimmer, Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and Voice Range Profile (VRP). Results showed as follows: Firstly, vocal hygiene was good in 57.5% of the total subjects and was poor in 42.5%. 40% of professional voice users and 75% of nonprofessional voice users hand good quality. 77.5% of the total subjects had the vocal fatigue while 22.5% of the subjects did not. 95% of the professional voice users and 60% of nonprofessional voice users complained the vocal fatigue. 60% of the total subjects reported a subjective vocal symptom. 65.0% professional voice users and 70.0% of nonprofessional voice users reported a voice symptom. From the results above, we suggest that eating a raw egg may lead to imporve voice quality of the professional voice users.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and compare the acoustic characteristics of vocal major students with vocal nodule when singing. Materials and Methods : Ten sopranos with vocal nodule, who have never been treated due to voice problems, were the subject group. Twenty healthy sopranos major students were the control group for this study. The vocal nodule was confirmed by stroboscopy and the acoustic and electroglottographic analysis was conducted on be groups. Additionally, an inquiry on usual voice problems during speaking and singing were performed on each of the groups. Results : The vowel /a/ was spoken and sung by sopranos of each group. There were no significant differences in Fo, jitter, shimmer, NHR at speaking and singing in either group. We did not register any significant differences of closed quotient and speed quotient in electroglottography for both groups at singing, but speed quotient was increased in subject group at speaking(p＜0.05). And the sopranos with nodule demonstrated voice fatigue(70%), strained and tired voice after long period of performance and conversation(60%) on inquiry. Conclusions : Although they had a vocal nodule, this group, who had a long period of voice training, did not present any differences in acoustic and electroglottographic problems during short performance, but, the vocalists noticed delicate voice problems after a long performance. We conclude that the voice training teacher and laryngologist must initiate voice management and speech therapy for vocal nodule, even if there is no specific abnormality in acoustic analysis.