• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.432-442
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content consumed by children and adolescents on home-prepared versus chef-prepared specific carbohydrate diets (SCD) as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Dietary intake of two cohorts with active IBD initiating the SCD over 12 weeks was assessed. The home-prepared cohort received detailed guidance from dietitians on implementation of the SCD. The chef in the other cohort was knowledgeable in the SCD and prepared meals from a fixed set of recipes. Data from 3-day diet diaries at 4 different time points were collected. US Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) were calculated for macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals. Results: Eight participants on the homemade SCD and 5 participants on the chef-prepared SCD were included in analysis. Mean % RDA for energy intake was 115% and 87% for homemade and chef-prepared groups (p<0.01). Mean % RDA for protein intake was 337% for homemade SCD and 216% for chef-prepared SCD (p<0.01). The homemade SCD group had higher mean % RDA values for vitamin A and iron, while the chef-prepared SCD group had higher intake of vitamins B1, B2, D, phosphorus and zinc (p<0.01 for all). Conclusion: The SCD implemented homemade versus chef-prepared can result in significantly different intake of nutrients and this may influence efficacy of this dietary therapy. Meal preparation dynamics and the motivation of families who pursue dietary treatment may play an important role on the foods consumed and the outcomes on dietary therapy with the SCD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

Purpose: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are implicated in secondary osteoporosis, and the resulting fractures cause significant morbidity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in bone metabolism. However, few trials have studied the impact of omega-3 PUFA-containing oils against GC-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine whether supplementation with omega-3 PUFA-containing dietary oils such as fish oil, flaxseed oil or soybean oil can impede the development of GC-induced osteoporosis. Methods: The fatty acids (FAs) content of oils was determined using gas chromatography. Male rats were subdivided into 5 groups (8 rats each): normal control (balanced diet), prednisolone control (10 mg/kg prednisolone daily), soybean oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + soybean oil 7% w/w), flaxseed oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + flaxseed oil 7% w/w), and fish oil (from cod liver; prednisolone 10 mg/kg + fish oil 7% w/w). Results: The study data exhibited a significant depletion in bone mineral density (BMD) and femur mass in the prednisolone control compared to the normal control, accompanied with a marked decrease in the levels of plasma calcium and 1,25-$(OH)_2$-vitamin $D_3$, and elevated levels of C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Supplementation with fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil helped to improve plasma calcium levels, and suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Additionally, bone resorption was suppressed as reflected by the decreased CTX levels. However, fish oil was more effective than the other two oils with a significant improvement in BMD and normal histological results compared to the normal control. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that supplementation with dietary oils containing omega-3 PUFAs such as fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil can play a role in the prevention of bone loss and in the regulation of bone metabolism, especially fish oil which demonstrated a greater level of protection against GC-induced osteoporosis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 2019

The concentrations of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast from native chickens were compared with those from broiler. Totally 200 male chicks from a commercial native chicken (HH) and three newly bred native chicken strains (2A, 2C, and 2D) were reared for about 2 kg of final live weight up to 12 wk. After slaughtered, antioxidant dipeptides, reducing sugar, free amino acids, vitamins, and minerals of the breast muscles were analyzed with those from broilers with similar live weight. Mostly native chicken strains had higher contents of carnosine, anserine, and reducing sugar than the broiler. Especially HH implied the highest values of carnosine and anserine, and 2C did the highest of reducing sugar (p<0.05). Vitamin A contents between native chickens and broiler were not significantly different (p>0.05). The contents of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ were significantly higher in 2C than those of HH or broiler (p<0.05). Native chicken strains contained lower cholesterol levels than the broiler. Broiler had higher contents of P, Mg, and Na than native chickens (p<0.05), but it had lower content of Cu than HH or 2A. The savory free amino acids including glutamic acid was highest in 2A than the other native chickens and broiler (p<0.05). This study confirms that certain new strains of native chickens be a good source in terms of functional compounds and micronutrients which can be attractive health promoting nutritional quality factors.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.341-355
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The consumption of dietary supplements has shown an increase among young people in their 20s. We aimed to compare the use of dietary supplements and related factors between Chinese international and Korean college students living in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted online surveys of 400 Chinese international students and 452 Korean college students from January to February 2021. We analyzed the factors related to the use of dietary supplements by these students using multi-group structural equation modeling and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 65% of the Chinese international students and 93% of the Korean college students consumed dietary supplements at least once in the year preceding the survey. The common types of dietary supplements consumed by both groups of students were vitamin and mineral supplements, Lactobacillus products, and red ginseng products. Structural equation modeling showed that perception of the consumption of dietary supplements by family and friends positively influenced attitude toward dietary supplements. This effect was higher for Korean college students than for Chinese international students (P < 0.01). Attitude toward dietary supplements positively influenced their use, and this effect was higher for Chinese international students than for Korean college students (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of dietary supplements by Chinese international students was significantly associated with age, self-reported health status, interest in health, perception of and attitude toward dietary supplements, and length of residence in South Korea. Among Korean college students, it was associated with exercise frequency and attitude toward dietary supplements. CONCLUSION: This study showed significant differences in the use of dietary supplements and related factors between Chinese international and Korean college students. Therefore, nutrition education programs on dietary supplements need to have differentiated content for each group. Such differences also suggest that the industry should consider the relevant characteristics of college students while developing and marketing dietary supplements.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.496-505
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• 2023

This study explored a method to enhance the drying process usability of local mangoes by producing foam-mat dried powder under varying drying temperatures (50, 60, 70℃) and foam thicknesses (3, 6, 9 mm). The drying process period ranged from 60 to 390 minutes based on the set conditions, with higher temperatures and thinner foams accelerating drying. Powder chromaticity (L^*,(L^*, a^*, and b^*) demonstrated a declining trend with increasing drying temperature and foam thickness, exhibiting notable variance in chroma values. The water absorption index varied significantly, between 3.08 to 4.24, under different drying conditions, although the water solubility index remained consistent across foam-dried samples. Powder moisture content ranged from 2.53% to 3.83%, with hygroscopicity escalating with temperature and foam thickness. Vitamin C structure was compromised during the hot air drying process, especially at temperatures above 60℃. Electronic nose analysis distinguished foam-dried powder from freeze-dried powder; however, a thicker foam yielded a scent profile closer to that of freeze-dried powder. The findings provide fundamental data on mango foam drying, which is expected to improve processing and storage tech for local mangoes.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

과수농가에서 시용하고 있는 대체농업자재들을 대상으로 과실수량 및 품질에 대한 효과를 조사하고, 또한 이들 자재들이 사과에서 발생하는 주요병해에 대한 방제효과를 검토하기 위하여 시험을 수행하였다. 비료와 농약을 시용하지 않고 대체농업자재만을 사용하여 재배한 과수원에서는 과실 수확량이 관행농법의 56%수준으로 낮은 경향이었으며, 과일의 크기도 적어 상품성 있는 과실 생산이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 품질면에서 처리간 과실중의 당함량은 비슷하였으나 비타민C 함량은 환경농법구에서 많은 경향이었다. 농약대용으로 사용하고 있는 목초액, 유산균, 천혜녹즙, 현미식초, 키토산을 사과원에서 처리한 결과 키토산 처리구에서 사과병해에 약간 감소하는 경향이었고, 그 외 처리는 관행농법구보다 병해발생이 많았다. 키토산, 현미식초, 천혜녹즙과 아미노산처리구에서 생산된 과실중에 당함량이 다소 많았으며 키토산, 현미식초, 활성탄과 목탄처리구에서는 비타민C 함량이 많은 경향이었다. 따라서 과수원에서 농약을 전혀 시용하지 않고 대체농업자재에 의존한 과수원 경영은 매우 곤란한 것으로 생각되며, 대체농업자재는 비료와 농약 사용량을 줄이면서 보조적인 수단으로 시용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각되고 특히 영년생인 과수의 경우는 장기간 동안 대체농업자재를 처리한 후에 토양의 비옥도 변화, 토양미생물상 변동, 천적 생물의 변동 등을 고려한 종합적인 효과를 검토해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 육성 벼 품종 미강의 토코페롤, 토코트리에놀, 폴리페놀, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 함량 및 기타 항산화 활성의 차이를 검토한 결과이다. 1. 품종별 미강의 조지방 함량은 15.8%(오대)~23.9%(칠보)이었으며 단백질 함량은 12.2%(한설)~15.1%(조운), 회분 함량은 8.7%(추청)~10.8%(한설), 식이섬유 함량은 34.1%(삼광)~43.5%(청해진미)의 범위를 나타났다. 2. 품종별 미강의 전체 비타민 E 함량은 '호품'($221.47{\mu}g/g$), '칠보'($211.63{\mu}g/g$), '청해진미'($208.54{\mu}g/g$)순으로 높았고, '한설'($106.65{\mu}g/g$)이 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 토코페롤과 토코트리에놀은 각각 ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol과 ${\gamma}$-Tocotrienol이 주를 이루었으며, 밥쌀용 품종 미강의 비타민 E 이성체별 함량 분포가 품종에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. ${\gamma}$-oryzanol은 '칠보'(4.30 mg/g)가 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 미강 에탄올 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 '호품'(775.80 mg gallic acid/100g)이 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 플라보노이드 함량 등과 높은 연관을 보이는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 호품이 9.82%로 가장 높았으며, 폴리페놀 화합물 등과 관계되는 ABTS 라디칼 소거능과 환원력은 각각 '호품'(187.5 AEAC mg/100g), '운광'(A700 = 0.19)에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 4. 밥쌀용 벼 품종 간 미강 기능성 성분 함량의 유의한 차이를 확인하였고, 미강의 이용성 증진을 위하여 주요 품종의 특성을 이해하고 기능성 성분의 함량, 활성 및 추출 수율을 최적화하기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1302-1309
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• 2009

순무 싹의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 순무 싹의 영양성분 및 생리활성 효능을 검증하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 순무 싹 분말의 일반성분은 건물(dry basis)을 기준으로 수분함량은 2.35%, 조단백질 22.51%, 조지방 21.60%, 조회분 4.35% 및 탄수화물 49.19%를 함유하였다. 구성당은 glucose가 73.39 mg/L로 가장 많았고, fructose가 12.62 mg/L 검출되어 총 2종이 검출되었다. 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 242.57 mg%로 가장 많이 함유되었고, 다음으로 leucine, aspartic acid, valine 순이었다. 순무 싹의 구성 지방산 중 포화지방산 함량은 tricosanoic acid가 가장 높았으며 heneicosanoic acid, palmitic acid 순으로 나타났다. 불포화지방산은 linoleic acid가 가장 높았으며 oleic acid, linolenic acid 순으로 나타났다. 유기산은 총 2종의 유기산이 검출되었으며, tartaric acid 함량이 2,962.74 mg/L로 가장 높았고 다음으로 malic acid 순이었다. 비타민 A와 E의 함량은 각각 0.09 mg%와 3.06 mg%이었다. 무기질은 총 8종의 성분이 검출되었고, 이중 K 함량이 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 Mg, Ca, Na 순이었고 Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu의 함량은 미량이었다. 순무 싹 에탄올 추출물의 기능성을 측정한 결과 순무 싹 에탄올 추출물 100 ${\mu}g$/mL 농도에서 35.24%의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한 항산화 활성은 시료의 농도가 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL일 때 아질산염 소거능 및 DPPH radical 소거능이 각각 64.25% 및 69.29%로 매우 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 순무 싹 분말은 필수아미노산을 비롯한 항산화 비타민과 무기질을 다량 함유하고 있으며 순무 싹 에탄올 추출물은 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성 및 항산화 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타나 순무 싹을 이용한 기능성식품의 개발가치가 한층 더 높아질 것으로 기대되어진다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.387-403
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• 2020

본 연구는 고추의 항산화 물질향상을 위한 유기농자재의 적정 농도를 구명하고자 대조, P2: 고추, P3: 산야초, P4: 고추+산야초, P5: 약초, P6: 해초, P7-8: 고추+산야초, 약초, 해초의 혼합액비(P7 5%, P8 2.5%), P9: P7처리구+인삼+감태, P10: P7처리구+멸치+어분, P11: P7처리구+인삼+감태+당밀, P12: P7처리구+스테비아, P13: 7처리구+함초, P14: 인삼, P15: 감태 등 15처리하였다. 시험재료는 고추 '슈퍼마니따' 품종을 이용하여 완주군에 있는 원예특작과학원 시험포장에서 3월 25일 파종하였고 6월 15일에 비가림하우스에 정식하였다. 농자재처리에 따른 영양성분 분석은 9월 상순에 적색고추를 수확하여 분석하였다. 유기농자재 액비처리별 베타카로틴은 P3 산야초, P4 고추+산야초, P12 (P7+스테비아) 처리구에서 높았고, 비타민 C는 P14 인삼 처리구에서 높았고, 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀은 P12 처리구에서 높았으며 캡사이신은 처리 간에 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 베타카로틴, 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀 등 전체적인 항산화 물질함량이 높은 P12 (총 혼합액비+스테비아) 처리구를 적정한 항산화물질 액비로 선발하였다. 액비처리별 고추 생육특성은 초장에서 P14 인삼, P15 감태처리구에서만 작았고, 나머지 처리구에서는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 엽장, 옆폭 등에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 액비처리별 과실특성은 홍과, 청과 모든 처리구에서 과장, 과폭, 중량 면에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 유기농자재 액비에 따른 고추영양성분과 항산화 물질향상에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였고, 앞으로 온도, 수분, 광합성 등 환경조건의 연구가 필요하다고 생각되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1971

Nutritional anemia is an important nutritional problem affecting large population groups in most developing countries. Nutritional anemia is caused by the absence of any dietary essential involed in hemoglobin formation or by poor absorption of these dietary components. The most likely causes are lack of dietary iron, and folate, vitamin $B_{12}$ and high qualify protein. Anemia is considered to be a late mainfeastation of nutritional deficiencies, and even mild anemia is not the earilest sign of such a deficiency. Therefore, the object of therapy is to correct underlying deficiency rather than merely its manifestation. Iron deficiency anemia is generally much the most common form of anemia. And it is very prevalent particularly in pregnant women and young children, especially under five year of life. According to the rapid growth rate of infants, dietary iron should he provided for infants over three months of age in adequate amounts for the synthesis of hemoglobin required by the increasing blood volume and for the demands of newly formed cells. The principal causes of iron deficiency anemia are an inadequate dietary iron content, interference with absorption of iron from the intestine, excessive losses of iron from the body, disturbance of iron metabolism by infection, and social and cultural environments. The present study is planned to obtain informations concerning nutritional anemia through anthropometric and biochemical determinations for the assessment of nutriture in pre-school children. Determination was taken in 226 pre-school children in ruraI arae in 1968, 122 pre-school children in 1970, and 1526 hospitalized pre-school children in 1970. The results of this study are as follows; (1) According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline (85 percentile) for weight, the proportions of underweighed pre-school boys and girls in rural area were 47.2% and 46.2% in1968, and were 36.1% and 51.8% in 1970. According to Iowa Malnutrition Borderline for height, the proportions of underheight boys and girls in rural area were 30.5% and 33.7%, and were 26.2% and 21.8% in 1970. Malnutrition scores of underweight for height values of boys and girls in rural area were 19.3 and 17.3 in 1968, and the scores of boys and girls were 15.6 and 15.5 in 1970. (2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.2{\pm}1.8g/100ml\;and\;11.4{\pm}1.6g/100ml$ in 1968. In 1970, the mean values of boys and girls in rural area were $11.3{\pm}1.3g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$. The mean hemoglobin values of hospitalized boys and girls were $11.9{\pm}2.2g/100ml\;and\;11.7{\pm}2.4g/100ml$ in 1970. It is found that 92 of 215 children (42.7%) in rural area had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml in 1968. In 1970, 55 of 121 children (45.4%) in rural area and 559 of 1526 hospitalized children (36.6%) had concentrations of hemoglobin less than 11.0g/100ml. (3) The mean hematocrit levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $35{\pm}26.8%\;and\;35.4{\pm}6.4%$ in 1970. And 443 of 1334 hospitalized children (33.2%) had hematocrit values below 33%. (4) The average mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels of hospitalized boys and girls were $32.4{\pm}2.2\;and\;32.3{\pm}2.2$ in 1970. And 1016 of 1352 hospitalized children (75.1%) had the mean corpuscular hemoglobin values below 34. (5) The mean iron values of young children in rural area and hospitalized children were $62.0{\pm}6.3{\mu}g/100ml\;and\;60.7{\pm}22.8{\mu}g/100ml$. The proportions of anemia cases below $50{\mu}g/100ml$ in rural area was 37.9%, and 34.3% in hospitalized children. (6) The mean total iron binding capacity of young children in rural area was $376{\pm}57.88{\mu}g/100ml,\;and\;342.2{\pm}6.15{\mu}g/100ml$ in hospitalized children. (7) The average transferrin saturation percentage of young children in rural area was $16.9{\pm}4.7%,\;and\;18.0{\pm}8.4%$ in hospitalized children. The proportions of anemia cases below 15% of young chi1dren in rural area and hospitalized children were 48.3% and 41.2%. Therefore, authors wish to recommend that the following further studies should be undertaken: (1) Standardization of simplied laboratory examination of nutritional anemia. (2) The prevalence of nutritional anemia and the requirements of iron, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ of pre-school children. (3) The content and absorption of iron in Korean food. (4) The pathogenesis of nutritional anemia and prevention of parasitic disease. (5) Maternal health and nutrition education.