• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of repeated blood collection on the amount of vitamin E in serum and liver of the rats fed standard diet. Rats (Sprague Dawley strain) were fed standard were fed standard diet for several weeks. Blood was collected with on improved cardiac puncture method at regular intervals . The amount of vitamin E analogs were measured by the HPLC. 1) The growth curve of all groups was normal, but bodyweight gains of group II were significantly decreased in case of 7 week- rats whose blood was collected at intervals of two weeks. 2) The amount of vitamin E analogs in serum of rats during growth increased, but continuos blood collection could not affect on the amount of vitamin E in serum. Especially, in the group I serum vitamin E equivalent were significantly higher in case of 7 weeks than first week. 3) The amount of liver vitamin E analogs were changed irregularly, and especially, $\alpha$-Tocopherol equivalent were significantly higher in group II then other groups.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.635-644
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• 2004

This experiment was earned out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C and E on lipid oxidation and stability of color in Hanwoo steer beef. Thirty seven Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The four treatments were control(vitamin E 20IU/kg feed), vitamin C(vitamin C 0.l%/kg feed and vitamin E 20IU/kg feed), vitamin E(vitamin E 220IU/kg feed) and vitamin C plus E(vitamin C 0.l%/kg feed and vitamin E 20IU/kg feed). Hanwoo steers were fed the experimental diets for 3 months at the last finishing period and pH, color, TBARS, concentration of myoglobin, water holding capacity, reduction by heat, drip loss and purge loss of longissimus dorsi were analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10th day of storage, respectively. pH value, Hue angle, metmyoglobin concentration, TBARS, drip loss and purge loss in longissimus dorsi were increased as the storage period elapsed. However, water holding capacity in longissimus dorsi was decreased as the storage period elapsed. The animals fed the vitamin C plus E diet were higher in pH value and oxymyoglobin concentration, and lower in metmyoglobin concentration than in those fed the other diets during the whole storage period and lowest in TBARS. TBARS and Hue angle in longissimus dorsi were 10wer(P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin-supplemented diets than in those fed the control diet. Reduction by heat in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the diets supplemented with vitamin E or vitamin C plus E than in those fed the control diet or vitamin C-supplemented diet. According to these results, it may be concluded that feeding the diets containing 0.1% vitamin C or 220IU vitamin E per kg feed or the diet mixed 0.1% vitamin C with 220IU vitamin E to Hanwoo steers can retard lipid oxidation of longissimus dorsi and stabilize beef color.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 2003

The remarkable change of phenomenon induced by stress increase energy metabolism that can induce many reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS can peroxidize cellular macromolecules including lipid and protein. The object of this study was to investigate whether stress may induce cellular damage by producing ROS and whether vitamin E, as a strong lipid-soluble antioxidant, can protect cells against reactive oxygen species produced by noise and immobilization stress in SD rats. The stress group increased 5-hydroxyindole aceti acid (5-HIAA) , one of the stress hormone, in brain tissue and free fatty acid in plasma. Vitamin I treatment had no effect on 5-HIAA but free fatty acid contents decreased with a fortified vitamin I diet. Furthermore, the body weight of vitamin I-treated rats increased more than that of the stress group. Lipid peroxidation and protein degradation as an index of oxidative damage in brain tissue decreased with the use of the fortified vitamin I diet supplement. The results suggest that vitamin I supplements have a protective effect against noise and immobilization stress-induced oxidative damage in brain tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.924-933
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• 1999

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune responses and antioxidant status in healthy Korean old and young women. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy old women (over 60 years old) and from 15 healthy young women(20 years old) before and 4 weeks after vitamin E( tocopherol acetate) supplementation(400IU/day). Daily nutrient intakes were calculated, and plasma vitamin E concentration, numbers and percentages of white blood cell and their subpopulation, percentages of lymphocytes and subpopulation, NK cell percentages, plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and C3 concentration, proliferation of PMN with mitogen were measured. Also plasma TBARS concentration and radical scavenger activity of erythrocytes were investigated. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly increased after supplementation in both groups. In elderly women, vitamin E supplementation restored the per centages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils which had been out of normal ranges before supple mentation. And after vitamin E supplementation, helper T cell percentages significantly increased in elderly. Plasma immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations were not affected by vitamin E supplementation in both groups. PMN proliferations with mitogen were significantly lower in old women than in young women, and there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased plasma TBARS concentrations in old and young women. RSA of erythrocytes was increased in both groups, but the statistical significant was only found in young women group. Therefore, these results suggest that the moderate vitamin E supplementation in old women improves immune responses, especially nonspecific immunity and cell mediated immunity, via protection of oxidant stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 810 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-${\alpha}$Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p<0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p<0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p>0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary vitamin E on the lipid composi-tion of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Rats were divided into five groups I. e. C(soybean oil with vitamin E(40mg/kg diet)) EF(CCl4 with vitamin E deficient diet) 40E(CCl4 with vitamin E(40mg/kg diet) 400E(CCl4 with vitamin E(400mg/kg diet) 800E(CCl4 with vitamin E(800mg/kg diet) Body weight gain and food efficient ratio were not observed significant differences. The liver weight was significantly increased in the CCl4 treated groups but the liver weight of 800E group was significantly lower than that of EF group. In EF and 40E groups kidney weights were significantly higher compared to that of C group. The content of total lipid in liver of 40E and 400E groups were significantly higher than that of control group but in 400E and 800E groups the contents were significantly lower compared with that of EF group. The content of triglyceride in liver was significantly higher in the CCl4 treated group and the content of cholesterol was significantly higher in the EF and 40E groups but those of 800E group were significantly lower compared with those of EF group. In CCl4 administration groups were significantly higher than those of control group and 400E and 800E groups were significantly lower than those of EF group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.775-780
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• 1999

We investigated the effects of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile in female Korean non-insulin diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty-five patients were groups by types of vitamin to take into three groups-Vitam in E group(400IU/day, n=15), Vitamin C group (1,000mg/day, n=15) and Vitamin E plus C group (400 IU plus 1,000mg/day). Supplementation period was 4 weeks. After vitamins supplementation, plasma vitamin E concentration significantly increased in vitamin E and vitamin E + C group, but plasma retinol concentration were not affected by vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation. And plasma levels of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid peroxidation, were significantly decreased in all three groups after vitamins supplementation. Also catalase activities in erythrocytes were significantly decreased after antioxidant vitamin supplementation in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all patients, especially there was a significant difference in vitamin C, Vitamin E + C group. In this study, antioxidant vitamins supplementation might have a protective function against the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and decrease the plasma total cholesterol levels in Korean female NIDDM patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.691-698
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the cadmium accumulation in body, cadmium excretion and detoxification functions in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium poisoned groups were classified to vitamin E free diet (Cd-0E group), vitamin E 40 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E group) and 400 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E group) according to the levels of vitamin E supplement. Animals were maintained on 0, 40 mg and 400 mg vitamin E/kg diets for 20 weeks and simultaneously administered 50 ppm Cd$^{2+}$ dissolved in the drinking water. Body weight, food intakes and food efficiency ratio were significantly decreased in all cadmium groups, compared with those of normal group. The accumulation of cadmium in rat liver, kidney and blood was reduced by sufficient vitamin E supplementation. The metallothionein (MT) content in liver and kidney were increased in all cadmium groups compared with that of normal group. The ratio of cadmium absorption and retention were significantly decreased in vitamin E supplementation groups. Accordingly, vitamin E supplementation resulted in an excretion of cadmium in urine and feces and a lowered accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney. It can be suggested that increased MT synthesis lead to the significant decrease in cadmium absorption and retention ratios.s.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2001

This study was peformed to assess the nutritional status of female nursing home residents by dietary intake. The subjects were 60 nursing home residents aged over 60 from 3 different nursing homes in Seoul, Cheonan and Chunchon. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recall and nutrient intake was calculated using CAN-Pro and database for vitamin E established by authors. To establish vitamin E database, we analyzed vitamin E concentration using HPLC in several foods consumed frequently by nursing home residents. The results of nutrient intake were as follows; 1) Average daily intakes of energy, protein, phosphorous, iron, vitamin $B_1$ and niacin were higher than RDA, but calcium, vitamin $B_2$ and niacin of Chunchon were lower than RDA. 2) Intakes of protein, sodium and niacin of Cheonan residents were significantly higher than those of Seoul. 3) Intakes of phosphorous, potassium, vitamin $B_1$ and dietary fiber of Cheonan residents were significantly higher than Seoul and Chunchon. 4) Intakes of sodium and cholesterol of Seoul residents were higher than Cheonan and Chunchon. 5) Average daily intake of vitamin E was lower than RDA. Especially vitamin A intake of Cheonan residents was significantly lower than other two cities.