• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on the concentration of energy metabolite in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty rats were fed a vitamin B6 deficient diet(-B6) or a control diet(+B6) for 5 weeks and then subdivided into 3 groups respectively ; base group, one day diabetic group and three day diabetic group. Diabetes of rats were induced by streptozotocin injection into the tail vein. Glucose, glycogen, protein, alanine, triglyceride and free fatty acids were compared in plasma, liver skeletal muscle of rats. Also, the total urinary nitrogen and glucose excretion were compared. Compared with +B6 rats, the increase of plasma glucose in -B6 rats due to the diabetes was smaller. After diabetes was induced, the level of plasma alamine was not changed in -B6 rats while increased significantly(p<0.05) in +B6 rats. The increase of urinary nitrogen excretion was smaller and the increase of muscle protein was larger in -B6 rats at the first day diabetes was induced. The levels of plasma free fatty acid and liver triglyceride were significantly (p<0.05) higher in -B6 rats after diabetes was induced. These results suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency may impair the adaptation of animals to the energy metabolism related due to a decrease of the body protein catabolism of fatty acid oxidation in diabetes and aggravate fatty liver which is one of the chronic complications of diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 2021

In this study, the content of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B₁ (thiamin), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₇ (biotin), B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), and C (ascorbic acid) in dishes containing meat and seafood consumed in Korea were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. All analyses were performed under strict quality control of vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₁₂, and C. The highest content of vitamin B₁ was observed in Bugeo-gangjeong (1.373 mg/100 g) and the highest level of vitamin B₂ (5.162 mg/100 g) was found in pig liver. Bugeo-gangjeong showed the highest content of vitamin B₃ (21.676 mg/100 g), and kkomak-muchim contained considerable amounts (43.310 mg/100 g) of vitamin B₅. Vitamin B₆ was not detected in most seafood dishes except for yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (0.274 mg/100 g) and was present at low levels or not present at all in meat dishes. The highest content of vitamin B₇ was 6.506 ㎍/100 g in saeu-jeon and kkomak-muchim showed the highest content (21.132 ㎍/100 g) of vitamin B₁₂. The highest content of vitamin C was in yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (84.508 mg/100 g). In addition, the analysis methods of each water-soluble vitamin were verified. These results showed that seafood-based ingredients in several dishes could be a good source of water-soluble vitamins.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.387-393
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• 2012

Objectives: Even though several epidemiological studies have observed positive associations between blood lead levels and homocysteine, no study has examined whether this association differs by the levels of micronutrients, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. In this study, we examined the interactions between micronutrients and blood lead on homocysteine levels. Methods: This study was performed with 4089 adults aged ${\geq}20$ years old in the US general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Results: There were significant or marginally significant interactions between micronutrients and blood lead levels on mean homocysteine levels. Positive associations between blood lead and homocysteine were clearly observed among subjects with low levels of folate or low vitamin B6 (p-trend <0.01, respectively). However, in the case of vitamin B12, there was a stronger positive association between blood lead and homocysteine among subjects with high levels of vitamin B12, compared to those with low levels of vitamin B12. In fact, the levels of homocysteine were already high among subjects low in vitamin B12, irrespective of blood lead levels. When we used hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine>15 ${\mu}mol/L$) as the outcome, there were similar patterns of interaction, though p-values for each interaction failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In the current study, the association between blood lead and homocysteine differed based on the levels of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 present in the blood. It may be important to keep sufficient levels of these micronutrients to prevent the possible harmful effects of lead exposure on homocysteine levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.263-270
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of vitamin B6 in 16 pregnant-infant pairs and 15 nonpregnant women and to investigate the relationships between vitamin B6 status of maternal-umbilical cord plasma and pregnancy outcomes. dietary intake was obtained from semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. The daily mean energy and protein intakes were higher than the recommended dietary allowance, while daily vitamin B6 was only 74% of RDA in pregnant and 73% of RDA in nonpregnant women. The main sources of vitamin B6 were vegetables and fruits in pregnant women, while cereal and starch in nonpregnant women. The plasma PLP and PL levels of pregnant women were 14.85nmol/l and 20.56nmol/l, significantly lower than those of nonpregnant women. the PLP/PL ratios of pregnant and nonpregnant women were 1.65 and 0.33, indicating that the levels of vitamin B6 was altered during pregnancy. The PLP and PL levels of umbilical cord plasma were 63.55nmol/l and 32.25nmol/l, respectively. The vitamin B6 levels of umbilical cord plasma were significantly higher than that of maternal plasm. This finding indicates that the uptake of vitamin B6 in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. The PLP level of maternal plasma correlated positively with that of umbilical cord plasma, showing the PLP concentration of umbilical cord plasma is affected by maternal vitamin B6 status. The maternal plasma PL level showed a positive correlation to infant birth weight. The positive association has bee also found between plasma PL level of umbilical cord and Apgar 1 min score.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5189-5192
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• 2013

Aim: We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary intake of folate, vitamin $B_6$ and $B_{12}$ and MTHFR genotype with breast cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted, and 435 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer and 435 controls were collected. The folate intake, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin $B_{12}$ were calculated, and MTHFR C665T, C677T and A1298C were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found vitamin $B_{12}$ was likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer, and MTHFR 665TT was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Folate intake, vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and variants of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C demonstrated no association with risk of breast cancer. However, we found patients with low intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.29-2.77), the association being less pronounced among subjects with a moderate intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.03-2.49, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our study indicated that the MTHFR C665T polymorphism and vitamin $B_6$ are associated with risk of breast cancer, which indicated roles for nutrients in developing breast cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.426-432
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• 2001

Vitamin B(sub)12(cobalamin) is an essential nutrient in human and it is particularly important during pregnancy. Nevertheless very few studies have reported, concerning vitamin B(sub)12 in relation with reproduction. This study was conducted to evaluate the vitamin B(sub)12 nutrition status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B(sub)12 levels of maternal-umbilical cord blood and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary vitamin B(sub)12 intakes of the pregnants were estimated by semiquantitative frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamin B(sub)12 levels in both maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of 30 pregnant women at delivery were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean vitamin B(sub)12 intake was 3.3$\pm$1.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/d which was 125.8% of the Korean RDA(2.6$\mu\textrm{g}$) for vitamin B(sub)12 level of umbilical cord blood was 607.8$\pm$282.9pg/ml, more than two fold of maternal vitamin B(sub)12 level 268.6$\pm$97.8pg/ml. This finding indicates that fetal uptake of vitamin B(sub)12 in the fetus may be due to an active transport mchanism across the placenta. Umbilical cord blood vitamin B(sub)12 levels were highly correlated with maternal levels($r^2$=0.548, p<0.001), showing that fetal vitamin B(sub)12 level is affected by maternal status. However there was no significant correlation between the serum vitamin B(sub)12 levels in maternal-umbilical cord blood and the pregnancy outcomes except for the birth weight. Maternal-umbilical serum vitamin B(sub)12 levels were the highest in the group of birth weight 3.0-3.5kg, and the lowest in the group of birthweight below 3.0kg. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 426~432, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 1997

Levels and distribution of five B-6 vitamers(PMP, PM, PLP, PL, and PN) and pyridoxine $\beta$-glucoside conjugates(PN-glucoside) were examined in milk of American women who received supplements of 2.5 or 10mg PN HCl/d and of unsupplemented Egyptian women during the first six months of lactation. B-6 vitamer and PN-glucoside levels in human milk were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Pyridoxal(PL), which has been reported to be the most rapidly absorbed form of vitamin B-6 and may facilitate bioavailability, was the predominant vitamer in human milk of all three groups. Pyridoxal made up 72% of total vitamin B-6 for the 2.5mg supplemented group, 76% for the 10mg group, and 59% for the Egyptian group. Level and Percent PL were significantly lower for Egyptian women. Mean growth of the two American groups was similar to each other and within the normal range of the NCHS reference, however, Egyptian infants showed growth faltering at 6 months. The Percent of PN-glucoside, a less bioavailable form of vitamin B-6 in humans was 1% in milk of American women and was 11% in Egyptian women and these values were significantly different. for Egyptian women, total vitamin B-6 levels in breast milk correlated Positively with animal protein intake(r=0.91) and percent PN-glucosides(r=0.53) and negatively with plant protein intake(r=-0.55). These findings showed that high plant protein intake was associated with low concentrations of PL and total vitamin B-6 in human milk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2003

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.710-718
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• 2017

Contents of water soluble vitamin $B_6$ in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin $B_6$ analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin $B_6$ measured $234.3{\sim}260.3{\mu}g/100g$ in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin $B_6$ content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured $105.0{\mu}g/100g$ and $129.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin $B_6$ were measured in passion fruit ($104.3{\mu}g/100g$), gat ($55.7{\sim}84.3{\mu}g/100g$), gomchwi ($31.3{\sim}88.0{\mu}g/100g$) and garlic ($72.7{\sim}98.3{\mu}g/100g$). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin $B_6$ content of $116.3{\mu}g/100g$ and $78.7{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin $B_6$ content ($36.0{\sim}72.7{\mu}g/100g$) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin $B_6$ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than $86.7{\mu}g/100g$ compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder ($64.7{\sim}251.0{\mu}g/100g$) and sansuyu ($172.3{\mu}g/100g$) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin $B_6$ content of Sparassis crispa ($139.3{\mu}g/100g$) was the highest. Vitamin $B_6$ content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.588-599
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• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to the lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content of Korean commercial foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in favorite Korean restaurant foods, convenient or instant foods, fast foods and bakery products through a modified microbioassay using Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 7830. Bulgogi and seafood & green pepper griddle had high vitamin $B_{12}$ content, 3.50 and $2.96{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Pork suyook, pork griddle and pollack griddle had 0.48, 0.31 and $0.32{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. In stew, soft-tofu stew with seafood and doenjang stew with seafood had relatively high vitamin $B_{12}$ content, 1.93 and $1.44{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Bibimbap and 4 different types of rice porridge, beef & mushroom, chicken & ginseng, seafood or abalone, had 0.36, 0.08, 0.09, 1.64 and $0.13{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One serving of haejanggguk, yookejang, chuotang and galbitang had 5.97, 2.04, 2.63 and $1.91{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One serving of samgetang and sulongtang had $2.89{\mu}g$ and $6.64{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$. In noodles, one serving of cram noodle soup, bibim-nangmyeon, and mul-nangmyeon had 18.8, 1.21 and $0.38{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One regular gimbap and one triangle gimbap contained 1.09-2.53 and $0.54-1.11{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. One cheese-burger, chicken-burger and bulgogi-burger had 0.76, 0.62 and $0.54{\mu}g$ of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. A plain bagel and a waffle contained 0.13 and $0.17{\mu}g$/100 g of vitamin $B_{12}$, respectively. Ready-made tomato sauce or cream sauce for spaghetti in a retort pouch contained only a trace of vitamin $B_{12}$. In conclusion, these results should contribute to improving the present food vitamin $B_{12}$ content database, most of which were cited from foreign data, thereby it could be helpful to estimate the vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of Koreans more accurately than before. It will also provide new information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and health.