• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 1990

The effect of short term feeding of various levels of pectin on vitamin B$_{12}$ absorption was studied. Rats fed fiber-free(FF) diet were divided into FF, 2% pectin, 5% pectin or 10% pectin diet group prior to the vitamin B$_{12}$ absorption test. On the day of the absorption test, absorption of a single oral dose of 57-Co-vitamin B12 was measured while rats were consuming their assigned diet. 5 and 10% pectin diet significantly inhibited vitamin B$_{12}$ absorption when compared with FF diet. Pectin intake was inversely correlated with the absorption of vitamin B$_{12}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1983

The concentrations of dissolved vitamin $B_{12}$, thiamine and biotin in the water of Gyokpo coast, were determined by microbiological assay methods. Also the relations between the distribution of B group vitamin and other environmental factors were studied. Vitamin $B_{12}$ was assayed with Euglena gracilis strain Z, thiamine with Cryptococous albidus and biotin with Achromo bacter sp. yH-51. It was found that the concentration of B group vitamin in the water of Gyokpo coast were normal level : vitamin $B_{12}$; 1.36-3.95 ng/l, thiamine ; u-0.4 ng/l and biotin; 1.40-14.60 ng/l. The concentration of B group vitamin was high in summer than in winter. In the water of Gyokpo coast during summer, B group vitamin occurred slightly lower level than normal, the concentration suficiently neccessary for phytoplankton development. The concentration of biotin was positively correlated with abundance of phytoplankton, but not aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. It was suggested that the concentration of biotin in water might be much more influenced with the growth of phytoplankton and any environmental factors than bacteria and the other vitamin, especially.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment in subacute combined degeneration (SCD) caused by nitrous oxide (N₂O) abuse. Methods: Relevant literature was accessed through PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and KoreaMed. All the literature that was relevant to human use of vitamin B12 treatment for SCD caused by N₂O abuse was included. Case reports were excluded if the treatment regimens were not precisely described. The literature search was conducted by two investigators during September 2019 for the final publication period. The languages of the publications were restricted to English and Korean. Results: Twenty-three published articles that contained 24 cases were included. Sixteen cases among them were treated with intramuscular vitamin B12 of 1 mg/day and the rest received different doses or routes. Although most cases described significant clinical improvements, one case showed no beneficial effect due to the patient's noncooperation. Another case showed adverse events, including spinal myoclonus, following vitamin B12 therapy. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 has been broadly used for the treatment of SCD caused by N₂O abuse. However, most of the relevant studies were case reports that reported various regimens of vitamin B12 administration. Further studies are needed to establish a standard regimen of vitamin B12 because the incidence of N₂O abuse may increase in South Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.387-393
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• 2012

Objectives: Even though several epidemiological studies have observed positive associations between blood lead levels and homocysteine, no study has examined whether this association differs by the levels of micronutrients, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. In this study, we examined the interactions between micronutrients and blood lead on homocysteine levels. Methods: This study was performed with 4089 adults aged ${\geq}20$ years old in the US general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Results: There were significant or marginally significant interactions between micronutrients and blood lead levels on mean homocysteine levels. Positive associations between blood lead and homocysteine were clearly observed among subjects with low levels of folate or low vitamin B6 (p-trend <0.01, respectively). However, in the case of vitamin B12, there was a stronger positive association between blood lead and homocysteine among subjects with high levels of vitamin B12, compared to those with low levels of vitamin B12. In fact, the levels of homocysteine were already high among subjects low in vitamin B12, irrespective of blood lead levels. When we used hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine>15 ${\mu}mol/L$) as the outcome, there were similar patterns of interaction, though p-values for each interaction failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: In the current study, the association between blood lead and homocysteine differed based on the levels of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 present in the blood. It may be important to keep sufficient levels of these micronutrients to prevent the possible harmful effects of lead exposure on homocysteine levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

Adequate vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ nutrition is known to be important for reproductive function in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ status and serum homocysteine levels in 115 women aged 33.2$\pm$4.0 years, who had been diagnosed with infertility, and 49 women aged 34.5$\pm$3.8 years having at least one born child. Total vitamin B$_2$ and vitamin B$_{6}$ intakes in infertile women were significantly lower than those in control. Serum vitamin B$_2$ vitamin B$_{6}$, folate and vitamin B$_{12}$ concentrations were significantly lower in infertile women than those in control and serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in infertile women than those in control. Thirteen percent in infertile women and zero percent in control were assessed as hyperhomocysteinemic and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia between infertile women and control. 41% infertile women were assessed as folate deficiency. Serum folate concentrations was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_2$ intakes was negatively correlated with serum homocysteine of the infertile women and control. Total vitamin B$_{6}$, folate intakes were negatively correlated with homocysteine of infertile women only. In conclusion, infertile women are needed to intake more B vitamins intakes. Furthermore researches are needed to estimate adequate B vitamin supplementation in infertile women. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2): 115-122, 2004): 115-122, 2004)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2006

Purpose: The most common metabolic defect appearing following a gastrectomy is anemia. Two types have been identified: One is related to a deficiency in iron and the other is related to an impairment in vitamin B12 metabolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency after a total gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were measured in 128 patients who had undergone a total gastrectomy. The group with a serum concentration under 200 pg/ml was supplemented at one-month intervals with Actinamide and five-six months later, serum concentrations of the vitamin B12 were rechecked. Results: The group with vitamin B12 under 200 pg/ml was 61 (47.6%) of the 128 patients who had undergone a total gastrectomy. In this group, the cumulative incidences of vitamin B12 deficiency were 7.0, 23.4, 33.6, 39.1, 41.4, and 47.7% at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more years, respectively. The treated group with vitamin B12 under 200 pg/ml had 36 (28.17%) of the 128 patients. The 16 of those cases with vitamin B12 levels of $100{\sim}150\;pg/ml$ were supplemented 5.21 times and the vitamine B12 was elevated to above 650 pg/ml. The other 20 cases with an average of vitamin B12 levels of $150{\sim}200pg/ml$ were supplemented an average of 4.75 times, and the vitamin B12 was elevated to above 780 pg/ml. Conclusion: It is necessary to supplement vitamin B12 even 1 year later after a total gastrectomy. The group with vitamin B12 under 200 pg/ml was supplemented $5{\sim}6$ times at one-month intervals with Actinamide $1,000\;{\mu}g$ IM injections and reached normal levels. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2006;1:6-10)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.963-970
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• 2005

Recently elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis with coronary artery disease. Folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ are cofactors and closely related with metabolism of homocysteine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between homocysteine and folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in patients with ischemic heart disease. Twenty-six patients, in whom coronary angiographic finding revealed more than $50\%$ of stenosis at least in one coronary vessel were enrolled as the patient group, and thirty subjects, in whom angiographic finding revealed in not significant stenosis, but complained of chest pain, were selected as the control group. Fasting venous blood was obtained and measured the concentration of plasma total homocysteine, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection method. We examined the correlation between homocysteine and folate and/or vitamin $B_{12}$ in the control group and the patient group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the patient group had relatively higher plasma total homocysteine concentration ($10.7\pm4.2\;vs\;9.6\pm3.5$ umol/L), but showed no significant difference. Folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration are low in the patient group, but showed no significant difference between patient and control group. Plasma total homocysteine concentration showed negative correlation with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in both the control group and the patient group, and showed significantly negative correlation in patient group {r = -0.550 (p < 0.01) vs r = -0.609 (p < 0.01)}. We knew that the plasma total homocysteine concentration were relatively elevated in patient group compared with the control group. Because plasma total homocysteine concentrations are closely negative correlated with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the patient group, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ supplement can lower the mortality and morbidity of ischemic heart disease. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $963\∼970$, 2005)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.498-506
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• 2011

This study examined the relationship among plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels and neurocognitive function in 118 community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, $75.1{\pm}6.7$ years). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) was used to screen and assess neurocognitive function in the participants. Dietary intake data including the use of dietary supplements were obtained using the 24-hour recall method by well-trained interviewers. Plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and homocysteine was assessed by a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. The proportions of participants with suboptimal levels of plasma folate (< 3 ng/mL), vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 221 pmol/mL), and homocysteine (> $15{\mu}mol/L$) were 16.1%, 5.9%, and 21.2%, respectively. A multiple regression analysis showed that plasma homocysteine was negatively associated with plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels. The MMSE-KC test scores were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine and folate, but not with vitamin $B_{12}$, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, living with spouse, education, current smoking, energy intake, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. A general linear model adjusted for covariates revealed that MMSE-KC test scores increased from the lowest to the highest quartiles of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin $B_{12}$, and vitamin C intake (p for trend = 0.012, 0.039, 0.014, 0.046, 0.026, respectively). These results indicate that the problem of folate inadequacy and hyperhomocysteinemia are highly prevalent among community-dwelling elderly people and that dietary intake of the B vitamins and vitamin C is positively associated with cognitive function scores.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2021

Purpose: A total of 39 seafood menus were prepared according to the Korean standard recipe, and analyzed for vitamin B₉ (folate) and B₁₂ (cobalamins) contents, using validated applied analytical methods. The menus included Guk/Tang/Jjigae (boiled or stewed dishes, n = 10), Bokkeum (stir-fried dishes, n = 10), Jjim/Jorim (braised or steamed dishes, n = 7), Gui (baked or grilled dishes, n = 7), Twigim (deep-fried dishes, n = 2) and Muchim (dried or blanched-seasoned dishes, n = 3). Methods: The contents of vitamin B₉ and B₁₂ in all food samples were determined by the trienzyme extraction-Lactobacillus casei and immunoaffinity-high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detection methods. Analytical quality control was performed in order to assure reliability of the analysis. Results: Accuracy (97.4-100.6% recoveries) and precision (< 6% relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility) of vitamin B₉ and B₁₂ analyses were determined to be excellent. The vitamin B₉ and B₁₂ contents of the 39 seafood menus evaluated, varied in the range of 1.83-523.08 ㎍/100 g and 0.11-38.30 ㎍/100 g, respectively, depending on the ingredients and cooking methods. The vitamin B₉ content was highest in Jomi-gim (523.08 ㎍/100 g), followed by Geonsaeu-bokkeum (128.34 ㎍/100 g) and Janmyeolchi-bokkeum (121.53 ㎍/100 g). Vitamin B₁₂ was detected in all seafood menus, with highest level obtained in Kkomack-jjim (41.58 ㎍/100 g). The seaweed dish was found to have high levels of both vitamin B₉ and B₁₂. All assays were performed under strict quality control. Conclusion: Guk and Tang menus, which contain a large amount of water, were relatively lower in the vitamin B₉ and B₁₂ contents than the other menus. Bokkeum menus containing various vegetables were high in the vitamin B₉ content, but the vitamin B₁₂ content was dependent on the type of seafood used in the menu.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5189-5192
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• 2013

Aim: We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary intake of folate, vitamin $B_6$ and $B_{12}$ and MTHFR genotype with breast cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted, and 435 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer and 435 controls were collected. The folate intake, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin $B_{12}$ were calculated, and MTHFR C665T, C677T and A1298C were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found vitamin $B_{12}$ was likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer, and MTHFR 665TT was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Folate intake, vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and variants of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C demonstrated no association with risk of breast cancer. However, we found patients with low intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.29-2.77), the association being less pronounced among subjects with a moderate intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.03-2.49, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our study indicated that the MTHFR C665T polymorphism and vitamin $B_6$ are associated with risk of breast cancer, which indicated roles for nutrients in developing breast cancer.