• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2004

We studied daily micronutrient intake from vitamin-mineral supplements, health-related life style, clinical case of diseases and food frequency of the Korean middle-aged (40-59 yr, n = 404) to compare the characteristics of non-user (n = 270) and user (n = 134) of vitamin-mineral supplements. Rate of supplement use of the middle-aged was 33.2% and there was significant difference in education level (p = 0.0084) and family income (p = 0.0476) of user and nonuser. Smoking habit (p = 0.0844) and drinking frequency (p = 0.0606) tended to be lower in a supplement user than a non-user. The medical history of a case was significantly higher in users (67.9%) than in non-users (44.4%) (p = 0.001), which suggests that medical history is one of the important motivations of supplement use. Supplement users had the medical history of digestive disease (34.1%), anemia (11.0%) and hypertension (9.9%) in order. Vitamin C was the most frequently supplemented nutrient (81.3%) among vitamin-mineral supplement, and the next orders were vitamins E (73.1%), B$_2$(68.7%) and B$_{6}$ (60.4%). Mean intakes of vitamin B$_1$, iron, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin C from supplement was 4,260%, 4,030%, 1,660% and 1,330% of RDA, respectively. The supplement users tended to consume most food items including milk ＆ milk products (p ＜ 0.01), rice (p ＜ 0.01), grains (p ＜ 0.05) and cookies (p ＜ 0.01) less frequently than non-users. Conclusively, nutrient intake of vitamin B$_1$, iron, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin C from supplement was excessively high compared to RDA. We suggest that the toxic effect of excessive supplementation should he informed to supplement user and nutritional education should be focused on the optimal supplement dose.e.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

Vitamin $B_3$ (niacin) is essential for all living cells and plays a central role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin $B_3$, a water-soluble vitamin, is present in the form of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, a monocarboxylic acid derivative of pyridine. While nicotinic acid is commonly effective in lowering cholesterol levels, unlike nicotinic acid, nicotinamide is ineffective on lipids. Presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, which are the available forms of vitamin $B_3$, are different for each food. However, the studies in the literature are generally based on the analysis of total amount of vitamin $B_3$ in foods and the studies determining the profile of vitamin $B_3$ in foods are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the vitamin $B_3$ profiles of 10 kinds of animal based food and 10 different plant based food samples. In this study, 10 kinds of animal based food samples consisting of veal (veal steak fillet), chicken (breast), turkey meat (thigh), goat meat (leg, belly), lamb (leg, back, arm), mutton (belly), bovine meat (loin) and 10 different plant based food samples namely; barley, rye, wheat (bread), wheat (durum), oat, rice, dried pea, green lentil, red lentil and chickpea were studied by high performance liquid chromatography using post-column derivatization system. The presence rates of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide were determined in the meat samples as 30% and 70% and as 87% and 13% in the cereal and legume samples, respectively. Nicotinic acid levels were found in low amounts in the meat samples. The amounts of nicotinic acid in the cereal and legume samples were significantly higher than the meat samples. Consequently, the plant based foods such as cereals and legumes, with a ratio of 87% nicotinic acid presence, standout as the best source of nicotinic acid and encouraging regular intake of those cereals and legumes containing rich nicotinic acid would remove nicotinic acid deficiency in human.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1985

본 실험을 통해 뚜렷한 경향을 보여주는 몇가지 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 식이vitamin E의 과량 첨가는 쥐의 혈청에 반영되어 나타났으며, 식이중의 cholesterol은 이 증가 효과를 감소시키는 경향을 보여주었다. 식이 cholesterol첨가로 인해 쥐의 혈청 cholesterol농도는 영향을 받지 않은 반면, 간의 cholesterol농도는 증가되었다. 과량 vitamin E와 cholesterol 두가지를 식이에 첨가하였을 경우 (IV-ECh IV'-ECh) 간의 cholesterol농도는 식이에 cholesterol만을 첨가한 경우 (III-Ch, III'-Ch)보다 더욱 높게 나타났다. 그리고 vitamin E만을 첨가한 II-E와 II'-E군에서는 간의 cholesterol농도를 낮추어주는 경향을 보였다. 간의 vitamin A 농도는 쥐가 성장함에 따라 감소하였으며 각 실험군 간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, B군의 경우 과량 vitamin E 식이는 간 vitamin A농도를 감소시키는 경향으로 나타났다. Vitamin E, vitamin A, cholesterol 및 다른 여러 요소들간의 복잡한 상호관계를 알아내기 위해, age가 다른 그리고 여러 species의 동물을 이용한, 장기간의 단계적이고도 체계적인 많은 연구가 요구되어진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.1186-1194
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• 2017

식품 함유 비타민 $B_5$ 및 $B_6$의 최적 HPLC 분석 조건을 검토한 결과 비타민 $B_5$의 경우 YMC-Pack ODS-AM($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.) 칼럼을 이용하고, A용매로 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$(pH 3.5)을, B용매는 아세토니트릴을 이동상 용매로 사용하는 A용매 95% 등용매용리 조건에서 200 nm의 파장으로 분석하는 HPLC/DAD법을 최적조건으로 확립하였다. 한편 비타민 $B_6$의 최적분석조건은 여기파장(excitation) 290 nm, 방출파장(emission) 396 nm로 분석하는 HPLC/FLD법으로써, 칼럼은 YMC-Pack Pro RS $C_{18}$($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.), 이동상 용매는 A용매 20 mM $CH_3CO_2Na$(pH 3.6), B용매 아세토니트릴을 A용매 97% 등용매용리 조건으로 사용하였다. 비타민 $B_5$ 및 $B_6$의 표준검량선은 $R^2$값이 각각 0.9998 및 0.9999로 고도의 직선성을 나타내었고, 검출한계 및 정량한계는 비타민 $B_5$의 경우 각각 0.4 mg/L 및 1.3 mg/L, 비타민 $B_6$의 경우 각각 0.006 mg/L 및 0.02 mg/L로 산출되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: We have investigated for the purpose of studying change of vitamins and minerals in frequently used vegetables by low moisture cooking method. Methods: Vitamin B complex, vitamin C and mineral (Mg, Ca, K, Zn, Fe) contents are analyzed in vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, bean sprouts and carrot which are heat-treated with degrees of water contents. Low moisture cooking method represents heat-treated vegetable (LM experiment group) with 25 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight while general blanching method includes heat-treated vegetable (GB experiment group) with 500-1,000 wt.% water content for the vegetable weight. Results: Retention rate of vitamin B1 (thiamin) in the LM experiment group is relatively high (87.50-95.68%) and dosen't show considerable differences from raw vegetables. On the other hand, the retention rate of vitamin $B_1$ in GB group's cabbage and spinach dramatically decreased to 19.46-25.00%. Retention rate of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is sustained stably in LM experiment group (75.00-87.50% in bean sprouts, cabbage and spinach), represents that low moisture cooking method has relatively higher contents in vitamin $B_2$. The LM experiment group has 71.43-85.71% on retention rate of niacin while the GB group shows relatively lower niacin (57.14-64.58%), represents conflicting results from the general idea that vitamin $B_3$ is relatively stable in heat treatment and blanching. Retention rate of pantothenic acid is considerably higher in both LM and GB experiment group, indicates vitamin pantothenic acid is relatively stable in the various cooking condition such as amount of water and heat treatment. In the experiment under various water contents, vitamin C is not detected in both bean sprouts and carrots, while the contents in cabbage and spinach are 19.87 mg/100 g and 26.65 mg/100 g respectively. In the same experiment, the retention rate of Vitamin C in LM experiment group (91.65%, 92.23%) is considerably higher than GB group (58.08%, 61.61%). Retention rate of Mg, K, Fe in the LM experiment group is relatively higher than GB group. Conclusion: Resultingly, the observations suggests that minimum water quantity and minimum heat treatment processes should be established in cooking vegetables which have soluble vitamins and minerals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

This study is concerned with the nutritional status of the packed lunch boxes which are brought by the junior high school students in Capital City of Seoul. Four hundred and eights students of the 8 school districts in Seoul had been randomly selected as subjects. The contained nutrients in the packed lunch were analysed by the Food Composition Table. To observe the influence of home economical status and mother's educational level on the nutrient concents of packed lunches, the chosen subjects were classified into three large groupings, which are upper, middle and low classes respectively. In addition, comparison between the Recommended Daily Allowanced for Korean people-13 to 15 age group-and the contained nutrients in the lunch boxed had been conducted. T-test was applied to clarify the significance of the differences between each group both economical and educational level. 1. The averaged rations between the Recommended Daily Allowances and the contained nutrients in the lunches stand: Calorie 59.7% (566 Cal.) protein 53.1% (18g), animal protein 48.6% (5g), fat 39.8% (5g), calcium 371.% (0.1g), ferret 66.4% (2.9g) Vitamin A 642 1.U. (31.3%), Vitamin $B_1$ 70.2% (0.3mg), Vitamin $B_2$ 41.4% (0.2g), Niacin 77.0%(4mg), Vitamin C 51.9% (13mg). All of the nctrients fall far behind the Recommended Daily, Allowances for 13 to 15 age group. 2. Home economical status brings influence on the kinds of foods which could been. Protein, animal protein, fat, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C showed significance of diffierences between the upper and middle classes. Between the middle and low classes, Protein, animal protein, fat, calcium and Vitamin C showed significance of difference. And finally, between the upper and low classes, protein, fat, calcium, ferret, Vitamin $B_2$ and Vitamin C showed a great significance. 3. Regardless to the living conditions of the subject students, all the nutrients of the lunches packed by the mothers in the entire educational levels did not reach the Recommended Daily Allowances. Protein, animal protein, fat, ferret, Vitamin A, and Niacin showed the significance of the differences between the upper and middle classes. On the other hand, calorie, animal protein, fat, Vitamin A and Vitamin C showed the significance between the middle and low classes. Between the upper and the low classes, protein, animal protein, fat, and ferret showed significance. 4. The mairdish-ice of the lunch boxes supplied calorie, protein, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$ and Niacin which stand at 83.8%, 56.1%, 52.5%, and 54.8% respectivly when compared with the whole nutritional contents. 5. The side-dishes of the packed lunch lack in variety of cooking methods. One interesting fact is that entire subject students are very favorable to the food cooked with every kind of grains.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2011

매생이 소스 개발을 위한 선호도를 조사하였고, 세 종류의 매생이소스를 개발하였으며, 개발된 매생이소스법 선호도를 비교분석함으로써 건강기능성 식품으로서의 매생이소스 개발과 향후 매생이 가공 식품을 통한 지역 경제 활성화에 목적이 있다. 매생이 성분분석은 2009년 7월에 전남 강진군에서 구입한 매생이틀 재료로 하였고, 매생이 소스 개발을 위한 선호도 조사 결과를 바탕으로 세 종류의 매생이 소스 즉 매생이 플레인 요거트 소스, 매생이 홍초 소스, 매생이 밀쌈 소스를 개발하였다. 개발된 매생이소스별 선호도를 비교분석함으로써 완성도를 높이고자 하였다 개발된 시제품은 광주 소재 조리과학과 학생 42명을 대상으로 2009년 11윌 9일부터 11윌 16일 까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 통계기법은 빈도분석을 이용하였다. 매생이 성분분석 결과 무기질로는 K 227.98mg/100g, Ca 58.32mg/100g, Fe 7.8mg/100g 로 나타났고, 바타민은 Vitamin A(${\mu}gRE$/100g) No Detection Vitamin $B_1$ 0..0837mg/100g Vitamin $B_2$ 0.0641 mg/100g Vitamin B6 0.0261 mg/100g Vitamin C 19.9877 mg/100g Vitamin E 0.3607 mgaTE/100g Vitamin K 7.2079 ${\mu}g$/100g Niacin 1.5057 mgaNE/100g으로 나타났다. 설문조사 결과를 통한 매생이 플레인 요거트 소스, 매생이 홍초 소스 매생이 밀쌍 소스 시제품 제작 및 조리법을 개발하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2008

노화에 따라 비타민 $B_{12}$의 흡수율이 떨어지고, 노년기의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 부족은 심혈관질환과 위암의 발생율 상승과 인지기능의 저하 등과 관련성이 있다는 보고가 있어 그 중요성이 새롭게 인식되고 있으나 국내의 식품 내 비타민 B12 분석 자료는 크게 부족하여 섭취량 계산에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 특히, 우리나라 고유 발효 식품인 장류와 김치류, 그리고 다른 나라에 비하여 많이 섭취하고 있는 해조류 등을 중심으로 일부 한국인 상용식품에서 Lactobacillus delbrueckisubsp. lactis ATCC 7830를 이용한 미생물법으로 인체가 이용할 수 있는 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량을 분석하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 국산 대두를 이용하여 전통식 방법으로 제조한 된장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 1.85 ${\mu}g/100$ g이었으나, 시중 마트에서 구입한 4종의 공장식 된장들은 $0.04{\sim}0.86{\mu}g/100$ g으로 전통식 된장이 공장식 된장보다 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량이 훨씬 더 높았다. 청국장 역시 전통식 청국장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 0.69 ${\mu}g/100$ g인 반면, 마트에서 구입한 2종의 공장식 청국장은 $0.06{\sim}0.15{\mu}g/100$ g을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나, 찐대두와 두부에서는 비타민 $B_{12}$가 검출되지 않아 대두가 발효되는 과정에서 미생물에 의하여 비타민 $B_{12}$가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 2) 전통식 고추장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 평균 0.11 ${\mu}g/100$ g으로 전통식 된장이나 청국장보다는 낮았지만 일부 공장식 된장이나 청국장의 함유량과 비슷하였다. 3) 국간장은 0.04 ${\mu}g/100$ mL의 비타민 $B_{12}$를 함유하고 있었으나, 진간장에서는 검출되지 않았다. 4) 배추김치는 제조회사가 서로 다른 3종의 상품에서 분석한 결과 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 $0.02{\sim}0.03{\mu}g/100$ g 정도의 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 열무김치는 0.013${\mu}g/100$ g, 갓김치는 0.02 ${\mu}g/100$ g, 깍뚜기는 0.004${\mu}g/100$ g이었으나, 젓갈과 고추가루를 넣지 않은 백김치에서는 비타민 $B_{12}$가 검출되지 않았다. 따라서, 김치에 함유되어 있는 비타민 $B_{12}$는 김치를 담글 때 넣은 젓갈로부터 왔을 가능성이 높다. 김치용으로 상품화된 새우액젓과 멸치액젓은 각각 0.78${\mu}g/100$ mL와 1.52${\mu}g/100$ mL의 비타민 $B_{12}$를 함유하고 있었다. 5) 김의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 66.76${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt, 파래는 84.74 ${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt (9.41${\mu}g/100$ g wet wt)로 매우 높았으며, 다시마와 미역의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 각각 0.36${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt와 1.90${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt이었다. 6) 그 밖에, 달걀 전란의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 1.07${\mu}g/100$0 g (0.54${\mu}g$/개)이었고, 볶음용 마른멸치는 17.12${\mu}g/100$ g이었으며, 커피믹스는 0.02${\mu}g/100$ g (0.0024${\mu}g$/봉)이었으나, 라면에서는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구에 이용된 식품들의 샘플 수가 충분하지 못하고 선정방법이 다소 객관적이지 못한 부분이 있으나, 이를 바탕으로 국내식품에서 비타민 $B_{12}$ 분석을 지속적이고 체계적으로 진행하여 하루빨리 믿을만한 식품성분표를 확보함으로써 보다 정확한 비타민 $B_{12}$ 섭취량을 계산할 수 있기를 기대한다. 덧붙여, 노인들을 비롯하여 채식위주의 식사를 하는 사람들에 있어서 비타민 $B_{12}$ 부족을 예방하기 위하여 김, 파래, 멸치와 함께 된장이나 청국장을 자주 섭취할 것을 권장한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.611-617
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• 1990

Vitamin $B_{12}$의 생산성을 높이기 위하여 Bacillus natto와 vitamin $B_{12}$ 생산균주로 알려진 Bacillus megaterium IAM 1166 균주간의 종간 원형질체 융합을 시도하였다. 변이원 처리에 의해 활성이 우수하며 genetic marker로써 $thr^-try^-rif^r$인 Bacillus natto SH-34 및 $arg^-ade^-lys ^-str^r$의 genetic marker를 가진 Bacillus megaterium BK-13을 분리하였다. 원형질체 융합을 행하기 위하여 $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ lysozyme 처리시 원형질체 형성률과 재생률은 99% 및 67%를 나타내었다. 변이주 Bacillus natto SH-34 및 Bacillus megaterium BK-13간에 $1.0{\times}10^{-5}$을 나타내었다. 융합주 MNF-72는 vitamin $B_{12}$ 생산용 배지에서 $7.85\;{\mu}g/ml$의 높은 생산성을 나타내었으며, 융합주 MNF-72를 sodium alginate로 고정화를 하여 회분식 및 연속식 발효를 행하였을 때 72시간에 $0.58\;{\mu}g/ml.hr$ 및 $0.80\;{\mu}g/ml.hr$의 vitamin $B_{12}$를 생산하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2001

Five representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province such as chuotang, ochuk, baekhapchuk, dasulgitang and minmulgokimaeuntang were subjected to recipe standardization and nutrient analysis. To derive a standard recipe, first a test recipe was prepared with the consideration of information obtained from literature survey, personal interview and survey of restaurant recipe. This test recipe was modified three times after sensory evaluation. Then the modified test recipe was accepted as the standard recipe when all characteristics of food was assessed over 5 points and the percentage of judges who gave a score over five exceeded 70% in seven-point hedonic scale. Actually, all characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". Nutrient analysis was performed in food cooked according to the decided standard recipe. In general, it appeared that energy content was rather low. However protein contents in chuotang, ochuk and minmulgokimaeuntang were higher than the recommended value per meal. Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B, niacin, calcium, phosphorus and iron were rich in chwotang and minmulgokimaeuntag. Onhuk contains plenty of vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$and the contents of vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and niacin in baekhapapchuk were over the recommended values per meal. The foods contained large percentage of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and major essential amino acids appeared to be leucine and lysine. On the other hand, major fatty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid and plamitic acid. Among them the content of oleic acid was the highest in chuotang, ochuk and baekhapchuk, whereas linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the most rich fatty acids in baekhapchuk and dasulgitang respectively.