• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV-B irradiation on the physicochemical characteristics of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Vitamin $D_2$ concentration, weight loss rate, color value, total plate counts and consumer acceptability of irradiated oyster mushrooms were measured. UV-B irradiation at doses of $0\;kj/m^2$, $20\;kj/m^2$ and $40\;kj/m^2$, significantly increased the vitamin $D_2$ concentrations from $0\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight (control) to $85.87\;{\mu}g/g$ dw and $116.28\;{\mu}g/g$ dw, respectively, at 5% level. Rate of weight loss was also significantly increased from 0% (control) to 2.21% and 4.31% at $20\;kj/m^2$ and $40\;kj/m^2$ UV-B irradiation, respectively, at 5% level. Although there was no significant difference between the UV-B irradiated groups, total plate counts were significantly decreased from $1.0{\times}10^5$ (control) to $9.4{\times}10^3$ and $1.9{\times}10^3$at $20\;kj/m^2$ and $40\;kj/m^2$ of UV-B irradiation, respectively, at 5% level. There was no significant difference in L values and consumer acceptability between the groups. Therefore, UV-B irradiated oyster mushrooms could be used as health promoting ingredients for many foods.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.85-88
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• 1964

Pantothenic acid and biotin contents in Panax Ginseng roots were determined microbiologically with L. arabinosus 17-5. Detection of the vitamins was achieved by the thin-layer chromatography and PPC. Pantothenic acid and biotin were found at the Rf values of 0.42 and 0.55 respectively on the thin-layer chromatograms. In order to find out whether or not the L. arabinosus growth promoting factors contained in the respective ginseng extracts, as shown by the microbiological assay, were really the vitamins respectively, PPC was carried out. Microbiological assay of the vitamins met with results that the average pantothenic acid content in the roots was 6.6r/g, calculated as Ca-pantothenate, and the average biotin content 9.24 mr/g.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to document the association between plasma homocysteine levels and the presence of macrovascular angiopathy with food and nutrient intake patterns among patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in Korea. Plasma total homocysteine concentration was analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector method in 127 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Logistic regression analyses were performed respectively to study the association of plasma homocysteine levels with clinical and dietary characteristics and macroangiopathy (MA). The average plasma homocysteine level of patients with MA was $14.2{\mu}mol/l$, which was significantly higher than that of patients without MA ($11.4{\mu}mol/l$). The proportions of patients with MA showed a significant difference, being 32.3% in hyperhomocysteinemic ($>14.0{\mu}mol/l$) patients and 13.5% in others with homocysteine levels lower than $14.0{\mu}mol/l$. Odds ratios for macroangiopathy by tertile increase of plasma homocysteine concentration were 1.633 ($Q_2$) and 4.831 ($Q_3$), when adjusted for age, sex, and cigarette smoking. Patients with MA consumed reduced amounts of vitamin $B_1,\;B_2$, and folate. The results indicate that the plasma homocysteine levels are significantly increased in NIDDM patients who have macroangiopathy. Dietary management such as increased fruits and vegetables and decreased potatoes and starches might be beneficial for the prevention of macroangiopathy in diabetic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2002

Hyperhomocysteinemia, resulted from an interaction between the mutation of MTHFR gene and B vitamin deficiency, is suggested as a possible cause for complications and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the intakes of B vitamins and serum homocysteine concentrations with the C677T mutation in the MTHFR genotypes in 135 normal pregnant women of 24-28 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake of B vitamins did not differ among the three genotypes, but the negative correlation between dietary folate intake and the serum homocysteine level was the strongest in the T/T type (r ＝ -0.249) than in other genotypes (C/T: r＝ -0.040, C/C:r＝ 0.126, p＜0.05). Among the subject with the T/T type, the pregnant women who consumed folate less than 50% of the RDA had higher serum homocysteine levels than those who consumed folate greater than 125% of the RDA (10.4$\pm$5.9 vs 7.0$\pm$1.5 $\mu$mol/L, p＜0.05). Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the women with micronutrient supplements than those with no supplements in the T/T type, but such relation was not present in the C/C or the C/T type. In conclusion, serum homocysteine concentrations were influenced by the interrelationship between the MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary folate intake or micronutrient supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.811-818
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of dietary folate supplementation on plasma homocysteine, vitamin B$_{12}$ and hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemic rats. All animals were fed 0.3% homocysteine diet for 2 weeks, then they were placed either on a 0.3% homocystine or no homocystine with or without 8 mg/kg folate diet for 8 weeks. Homocystine diet induced hyperhomocysteinemia up to 3.5-fold at 10 weeks (28.0 $\pm$ 4.8 $\mu$mol/l vs. 7.9 $\pm$ 0.3 $\mu$mol/l). Dietary folate supplementation caused a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine levels which had been increased by a homocystine-diet. Also, dietary folate supplementation made them return to control levels at 4 wk when the diet was free of homocystine. Plasma folate levels were markedly decreased with homocystine diet with no folate supplementation. Plasma vitamin B$_{12}$ did not differ between groups. Dietary homocystine increased hepatic levels of SAM in folate supplementation group at 10 weeks (p<0.05). Dietary folate supplementation increased hepatic levels of SAM/SAH ratios in homocystine group (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary folate supplementation can effectively ameliorate the detrimental effects of hyperhomocysteinemia.mia.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

This study examined the quality characteristics of soybean curd prepared with the addition of yellow paprika juice. The yield rate, pH, and ${\Delta}E$, L, a, and b values of the yellow paprika juice were 80.56$\pm$0.07%, 5.41$\pm$0.06, 25.34$\pm$0.14, 24.83$\pm$0.13, -0.61$\pm$0.24, and 26.28$\pm$0.27, respectively, and its moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, vitamin A, and vitamin C contents were 93.08 g, 0.40 g, 4.95 g, 0.85 g, 0.02 g, 25.26 IU, and 115.08 mg, respectively. The yield rate of the soybean curd did not differ significantly according to the level of added yellow paprika juice, however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The ${\Delta}E$ and b values of the soybean curd increased as the amount of yellow paprika juice in the formulation increased, whereas the L and a values decreased. Furthermore, hardness significantly increased as the level of yellow paprika juice increased. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred soybean curd samples were the control and that containing 10% yellow paprika juice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.394-401
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to : (a) examine diabetic patients' sensory evaluation and food preferences, (b) analyze the portion sizes & plate wastes, (c) investigate the factors affecting plate wastes, and (d) determine the nutritional & mometary values of the plate wastes. A questionnaire for determining food preference and sensory evaluation was developed. Thirty-three diabetic patients who were hospitalized in Sanggye Paik hospital in Seoul were studied. Serving sizes and plate wastes were weighed by using an electric scale, and the CAN-Pro program was used to evaluate the nutritional value or the food consumed. The data were analyzed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation. Using a five-point Likeu-type scale, the temperature s[ore ranged from 3.1 to 3.3 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), the preference store was 3.0-3.2 (1 : very dislike, 5:very like), the taste score was 2.9-3.2 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), and the amount of food served score was 2.8-3.0 (1 : too little, 5 : too much). Serving sizes were considered insufficient by patients because most of the DM diet was low in calories. Average plate waste for the DM diet was 26.2% of the total served, by weight, and was lower than that for patients consuming a normal diet, which was 30.3%, found in previous research. Those subjects who had been previously hospitalized and who wished to participate in a campaign for food waste reduction produced less plate waste than other groups (p<.05). Plate wastes of the DM diet were negatively correlated with taste, temperature, and preference, and were positively correlated with the amount served: however, these results were not statistically significant. It was found that diabetic patients consumed adequate levels of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin B$_1$, Vitamin B$_2$, and niacin, but inadequate levels of Phosphorus, Vitamin A and Vitamin C. The plate wastes were calculated to be 26.2% of the total cost (￦ 3,489), which is ￦9l5. This represents a significant wastage of resources from the hospital. The results of this study could assist foodservice managers in both controlling food wastage, and improving the quality of hospital food services.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2005

The aim of this study researchs status of the nutrient intake between male and female students and the nutrient intake by BMI. This study was done to investigate the body composition and nutrient intakes of 340 college students (170 males, 170 females) in Gyeonggi area. Weight, height, BMI, and blood pressure of these college students were measured Nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method, and then calculated using the nutritional evaluation program [CAN Pro 2.0 professional (Korean Nutrition Society, 2002)]. Average height and weight were 176$\pm$5.1 cm, 70.60$\pm$l.l kg in male students and 162.2/$\pm$4.5 cm, 54.4$\pm$7.7 kg in female students respectively. Subjects were divided into three groups by BMI: underweight (less than 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to less than 23), and overweight (more than 23). The ratios of male and female subjects among these groups were 5.3% and 17.6% in underweight, 50% and 65.3% in normal weight, and 44.7% and 17.2% in overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 124.0$\pm$1.5 mmHg and 76.1$\pm$14.8 mmHg in males and 1l0.l$\pm$12.9 mmHg and 70.l$\pm$10.8 mmHg in females, all in the normal range. Using nutrient values of the 7th Recommended Dietary Allowanes, the nutrient intake was calculated to Korean RDA (%). Nutrients below 75% Korean RDA were Calcium, Vitamin $B_2$, and Folate and nutrients above 100% RDA were Protein, Fe, Phosphorous, and Vitamin $B_6$. BMI showed positive correlations with body fat (%)(p<0.01) and WHR (p<0.01). Nutritional education is desirable for the improvement of dietary behaviors, body composition and nutrient intake of college students.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate changes in the quality characteristics and chemical compounds in garlic shoots by blanching for different time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 min). The color (L, a, and b values), texture profile (hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness), total vitamin C, total sugar, total polyphenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll a and b contents, total pyruvate and thiosulfinate contents of the blanched garlic shoots were examined. As the blanching time increased, the L and b values decreased, while the a value increased. Hardness, chewiness, springiness and gumminess of the blanched shoots were significantly lowered with the increasing blanching time. Vitamin C content of raw garlic shoot was 1.62 mg/100 g while that of the blanched garlic shoots was 0.16~0.24 mg/100 g, implying vitamin C loss into blanching water and destruction by heat. The total sugar and polyphenol contents were fluctuated during blanching, but over 75% of their initial levels were retained under all blanching conditions. The total flavonoid contents increased as the blanching time increased. The chlorophyll a content did not show significant change with blanching time, but the chlorophyll b content significantly decreased. These results suggest that blanching for 2 min could be the best for retaining beneficial compounds and desirable quality of garlic shoot.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2020

L-ascorbic acid (L-AA; vitamin C) induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of L-AA-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma Hep-2 cells. L-AA suppressed the viability of Hep-2 cells and induced apoptosis, as shown by the cleavage and condensation of nuclear chromatin and increased number of Annexin V-positive cells. L-AA decreased Bcl-2 protein expression but upregulated Bax protein levels. In addition, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria into the cytosol and activation of caspase-9, -8, and -3 were enhanced by L-AA treatment. Furthermore, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) were translocated into the nucleus during apoptosis of L-AA-treated Hep-2 cells. L-AA effectively inhibited the constitutive nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and attenuated the nuclear expression of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Interestingly, L-AA treatment of Hep-2 cells markedly activated Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK]) and and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased the levels of Annexin V-positive cells. These results suggested that L-AA induces the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells via the nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG by modulating the Bcl-2 family and MAPK/Akt signaling pathways.