• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.240-246
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• 2022

In order to measure the respiratory rate, one of the major vital signs, many devices have been developed and related studies have been conducted. In particular, as the number of wearers of respirators increases in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, studies have been conducted to measure the respiratory rate of the wearer by attaching an electronic sensor to the respirator, but most of them are cases in which an air flow sensor or a microphone sensor is used. In this study, we design and develop a system that measures the respiratory rate of the wearer using an air pressure sensor in a respirator. Air pressure sensors are inexpensive and consume less power than the other sensors. In addition, since the amount of data required for calculation is small and the algorithm is simple, it is suitable for small-scale and low-power processing devices such as Arduino. We developed an algorithm to measure the respiratory rate of a respirator wearer by analysing air pressure change patterns. In addition, variables that can affect air pressure changes were selected, and experimental scenarios were designed according to the variables. According to the designed scenario, we collected air pressure data while the respirator wearer was breathing. The performance of the developed system was evaluated using the collected data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

Frozen dough made by sponge and dough method using sweet dough formula was quickly frozen at $-40^{\circ}C$ and stored for 8 weeks at $-20^{\circ}C$. Effects of vital wheat gluten on number of yeast cells, bread volume, specific loaf volume, hardness, and sensory properties of bread were investigated. Dough added with 4% vital wheat gluten showed higher yeast cell survival rate during freeze storage and larger specific loaf volume than other doughs. Hardness value increased with increasing amount of vital wheat gluten added, whereas, in frozen dough stored more than 4 weeks, dough added with 2% vital wheat gluten showed lower hardness value than others. Bread made with 4% vital wheat gluten showed highest sensory score.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.412-417
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• 2019

This study was proposed to investigate vital signs in subjects undergoing high magnetic field (3T) MR imaging for provide basic data on causes of claustrophobia as few previous studies were conducted on this special issue. Vital signs of 104 patients were monitored before and during the clinically indicated MR examinations to identify any relationship between MR scanning and the vital signs. An increase of systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were observed. However, they were not statistically significant(p>0.05), which meant the vital signs measured before and during the MRI scanning showed no significant change. This study is considered to be meaningful basic data for analyzing the links between vital sign fluctuations on claustrophobia during routine clinical MR examinations.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of pleasant guided imagery on the vital signs of elderly. Method: The subjects of this study were 15 elderly women. Collecting data were blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, the degree of imagination and relaxation. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ program with percentage, paired t-test. Result: After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly lowered than before practicing of pleasant guided imagery. After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, Diastolic blood pressure and body temperature were not significantly changed. After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, the degree of imagination and relaxation were relatively higher in old women. Conclusion: Pleasant guided imagery can be used for elderly patients with hypertension. And it can be used to promote relaxation of elderly with stress.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.997-1005
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• 1999

To evaluate the effect of winter intensive training on pulmonary function in high school baseball players, comparisons of various ventilatory parameters were made before and 3-3.5 months of winter intensive tranining. The subjects were 18 members of a high school baseball players with mean age and career of 6.3 and 7.3 years, respectively. The following were mainly observed by spirometry for the study ; respiratory rate, vital capacity(VC), maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV), forced vital capacity (FEV1%) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%). The result obtained are summarized as follow. 1) Resipratory rate, tidal volume, forced vital capacity, 1FEV%, FEF50% and FEF75% showed no significant difference between before and after. 2) MVV in after was significantly(p<0.001) increased to 166 L/min comparing with 136L/min in before. 3) 1FEV in after was significantly(p<0.05) increased to 4.46L comparing with 3.76L in before. 4) PEF in after was significantly(p<0.05) increased to 10.40 L/sec comparing with 9.18 L/sec in before.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.2 s.30
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• pp.109-116
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• 1989

Korean clothings are admired for their beauty and traditional value. On the other hand, many of Korean women complain of chest restriction. Korean skirts may give high garment pressure to the wearers because the Korean skirt-band do not resolve physical tensions in size or in stretch. This paper aims at the identification of the garment pressure caused by the Korean skirt-band and the cardiopulmonary change caused by garment pressure. The Korean skirt-band were made in 3 kinds of size, and 21 women were selected for wearing test. The garment pressure was measured in front, side, and back parts of the body. The measured cardiopulmonary parameters were vital capacity, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. The results were as follows: 1. The smaller the size of the Korean skirt-band, the greater the garment pressure. The pressure during inspiration was significantly greater than the pressure during expiration. 2. The pressure in side part was the greatest of the three measurements and the pressure in back part was the smallest. 3. The small size of the Korean skirt-band revealed low vital capcity and great respiratory rate. 4. As the small size grement was dressed, the respiratory rate and the heart rate during walking and rest after walking were significantly high. 5. Subjects felt uncomfortable when they wore small sized garment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2015

Cardiopulmonary depression of long-term constant rate infusion (CRI) administration of multiple analgesic drugs is important, especially in critically ill dogs. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lidocaine, ketamine or combined lidocaine-ketamine combination CRI treatment on vital signs and left ventricular (LV) function in healthy dogs. Six adult Beagle dogs were administered either ketamine (initial loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg followed by $10{\mu}g/kg/min$ CRI), lidocaine (initial loading dose of 2 mg/kg followed by 0.025 mg/kg/min CRI), or combined lidocaine-ketamine intravenously. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT) and echocardiographic LV dimensions were measured before administration of medications, immediately after administration of drugs, and then every 10 min for 2 h. There were no significant changes in HR, RR, BT and BP after the administration of either lidocaine CRI, ketamine CRI, or combined lidocaine and ketamine CRI. There were also no significant changes in LV dimensions and stroke volume. The results revealed that treatment with either lidocaine, ketamine or combined lidocaine-ketamine may not cause cardiopulmonary suppression in healthy dogs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.426-442
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of Zusanli and nonacupoint electroacupuncture stimulation on ultrasonographic gastric emptying and vital signs in eight healthy participants. Gastric emptying and its rate of change were analyzed to search for correlation with physical characteristics such as body mass index (BMI), sternocostal angle, and abdominal wall thickness. Methods: Eight healthy participants with no gastrointestinal disorders were enrolled in this study. Each participant went through three abdominal sonographies for gastric emptying assessment. At the second and third visits, participants received Zusanli and nonacupoint electroacupuncture stimulation in a random order. During the study period, we examined the BMI, sternocostal angle, and abdominal wall thickness of all participants. Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature) were also examined before and after the electroacupuncture stimulation. Results: Electroacupuncture stimulation at Zusanli significantly improved gastric emptying when compared to nonacupoint stimulation. Gastric emptying showed a positive correlation with BMI, sternocostal angle, and abdominal wall thickness, but this correlation was statistically insignificant. The improvement rate of gastric emptying by Zusanli electroacupuncture stimulation showed a positive correlation with BMI and sternocostal angle and a negative correlation with abdominal wall thickness. However, such results were also statistically insignificant. Among vital signs, only heart rate showed a significant decrease according to Zusanli electroacupuncture stimulation. Conclusions: A significant effect of Zusanli electroacupuncture was confirmed through ultrasonographic gastric emptying in healthy participants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.399-403
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• 1998

To clarify the anesthetic effect of acupoint injection(aquapupuncture) using general anasthetics in dogs, 18 mongrel dogs were divided into control and two experimental groups(Tian-ping+Bai-hui : Tian-ping group and San-yang-luo+Gong-sun group : San -yang- lux group). Control group was intramuscularly injected with ketamine hydrochloride, 22 mg/ kg of body weight into the thigh and experimental groups were injected into each acupoint with half volume of dosage, respectively. Clinical findings(recumbency time, induction time of anesthesia, time of head lift and standing time) and changes of vital sign(temperature, heart rate and respiration rate) were investigates at pre-anesthesia, during anesthesia and poststanding, respectively. In recumbency time San-yang-luo groupui<0.05) and Tian-ping group (p<0.05) were faster than that of control, respectively and Tian-ping group was the fastest. In induction time of anesthesia San-yang-luo group was similar to that of control, however, Tian-ping group was faster than that of control(p

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2015

Impaired respiratory function is common in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercises and to assess forced vital capacity and peak cough flow after completion of neck stabilizing and respiratory reeducation exercises (combining diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises). The 45 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group 1 ($n_1=15$), experimental group 2 ($n_2=15$), and a control group ($n_3=15$). All subjects performed conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes. Experimental group 1 undertook the neck stabilizing exercise and the respiratory reeducation exercise. Experimental group 2 undertook the respiratory reeducation exercise. Additional exercise did not exceed 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. The subjects were assessed for deep neck flexor thickness and breathing function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and manual assisted peak cough flow) at pre-post value. The results of this study were as follows. Experimental group 1 showed a significant increase only in deep neck flexor thickness change rate (p<.05). All groups showed significant increases in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in manual assisted peak cough flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). There was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, but experimental group 1 improved more than experimental group 2 in respiratory function as a whole. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neck stabilizing exercise in combination with the respiratory reeducation exercise can improve forced vital capacity and peak cough flow in patients with stroke.