• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present an effective methodology that can measure heart rate, heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, mental stress level, and blood pressure using mobile front camera that can be accessed most in real life. Face recognition was performed in real-time using Blaze Face to acquire facial image data, and the forehead was designated as ROI (Region Of Interest) using feature points of the eyes, nose, and mouth, and ears. Representative values for each channel of the ROI were generated and aligned on the time axis to measure vital signs. The vital signs measurement method was based on Fourier transform, and noise was removed and filtered according to the desired vital signs to increase the accuracy of the measurement. To verify the results, vital signs measured using facial image data were compared with pulse oximeter contact sensor, and TI non-contact sensor. As a result of this work, the possibility of extracting a total of six vital signs (heart rate, heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, stress, and blood pressure) was confirmed through facial images.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to present a method for determining the k most vital arcs in the maximum flow problem using genetic algorithms. Generally, the problem which determine the k most vital arcs in maximum flow problem has known as NP-hard. Therefore, in this study we propose a method for determining all the k most vital arcs in maximum flow problem using genetic algorithms. First, we propose a genetic algorithm to find the k most vital arcs removed at the same time and then present the expression and determination method of individuals compatible with the characteristics of the problem, and specify the genetic parameter values of constitution, population size, crossover rate, mutation rate and etc. of the initial population which makes detecting efficiency better. Finally, using the proposed algorithms, we analyzed the performance of searching optimal solution through computer experiment. The proposed algorithms found all alternatives within shorter time than other heuristic methods. The method presented in this study can determine all the alternatives when there exists other alternative solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.348-355
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• 2022

Objectives: To compare the vital sign stability and cost of two commonly used sedatives, midazolam (MDZ) and dexmedetomidine (DEX). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study targeted patients who underwent mandibular third molar extractions under intravenous sedation using MDZ or DEX. The predictor variable was the type of sedative used. The primary outcome variables were vital signs (heart rate and blood pressure), vital sign outliers, and cost of the sedatives. A vital sign outlier was defined as a 30% or more change in vital signs during sedation; the fewer changes, the higher the vital sign stability. The secondary outcome variables included the observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale, level of amnesia, patient satisfaction, and bispectral index score. Covariates were sex, age, body mass index, sleeping time, dental anxiety score, and Pederson scale. Descriptive statistics were computed including propensity score matching (PSM). The P-value was set at 0.05. Results: The study enrolled 185 patients, 103 in the MDZ group and 82 in the DEX group. Based on the data after PSM, the two samples had similar baseline covariates. The sedative effect of both agents was satisfactory. Heart rate outliers were more common with MDZ than with DEX (49.3% vs 22.7%, P=0.001). Heart rate was higher with MDZ (P=0.000). The cost was higher for DEX than for MDZ (29.27±0.00 USD vs 0.37±0.04 USD, P=0.000). Conclusion: DEX showed more vital sign stability, while MDZ was more economical. These results could be used as a reference to guide clinicians during sedative selection.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.339-343
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of functional electrical stimulation on forced vital capacity and alternating motion rate in children with spastic cerebral palsy. This study divided 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy into two groups; functional electrical stimulation treatment group and control group. Functional electrical stimulation treatment group had 20min per day treatment three times a week for four weeks and the control group did not have any treatment. Before and after intervention, this study measured forced vital capacity and alternate motion rate(/peo/,/teo/) for all children. Forced vital capacity showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). Alternate motion rate showed statistically significant increase for the group with functional electrical stimulation(p<.05) while the control group did not show any significant increase(p>.05). This result shows that functional electrical stimulation affected the ability of the children with spastic cerebral palsy who have decreased breathing and phonation capability.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1987

The main purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the vital sign as an instrument of stress reaction measurement. From July to August 1986, stress reaction was evaluated by the difference of endoscopic vital sign on 93 G-I troubled out-patients who underwent endoscopy for the first time and did not have any evidence of cardiovascular disease. The data were analysed by x$^2$-test, Paired . t-test, ANCOVA and Multiple Comparison Test. The result of study were as follows: 1. The frequency of gastric disease was differed by the family type, and the mobility of gastritis and gastric cancer were more increased in nuclear family than in large family (p=0.019). 2. In a comparison of before with after 5 minutes endoscopic vital sign, and a Pulse rate (P=0.0001), respiration rate (p=0.0001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.0002) and diastolic blood Pressure (P=0.006) were significantly increased after 5minutes by endoscopy in contrast with before 5minutes. 3. The control of before 5 minutes of endoscopic vital sign, after 5 minutes of endoscopic systolic (p=0.024) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0146) were more elevated in biopsyed group than in non-biopsyed, group. And after 5minutes of endoscopic respiration rate was more increased in gastric cancer than in gastritis (p=0.0406) or gastric ulcer (p=0.0073). And after 5 minutes of endoscopic systolic blood pressure was elevated over 50years old men (P=0.0238). In short, the increase of a pulse rate af ter 5 minutes of endoscopy was not influenced by general characteristics of samples in this experiment. And systolic blood pressure over 50years old men must be considered of physiological hypertension.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.277-283
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• 2023

Vital signals provide essential information regarding the health status of individuals, thereby contributing to health management and medical research. Present monitoring methods, such as ECGs (Electrocardiograms) and smartwatches, demand proximity and fixed postures, which limit their applicability. To address this, Non-contact vital signal measurement methods, such as CW (Continuous-Wave) radar, have emerged as a solution. However, unwanted signal components and a stepwise processing approach lead to errors and limitations in heart rate detection. To overcome these issues, this study introduces an integrated neural network approach that combines noise removal, demodulation, and dominant-frequency detection into a unified process. The neural network employed for signal processing in this research adopts a MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) architecture, which analyzes the in-phase and quadrature signals collected within a specified time window, using two distinct input layers. The training of the neural network utilizes CW radar signals and reference heart rates obtained from the ECG. In the experimental evaluation, networks trained on different datasets were compared, and their performance was assessed based on loss and frequency accuracy. The proposed methodology exhibits substantial potential for achieving precise vital signals through non-contact measurements, effectively mitigating the limitations of existing methodologies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.418-426
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• 2019

Recently, many studies on vital sign detection using a radar sensor related to Internet of Things(IoT) smart home systems have been conducted. Because vital signs such as respiration and cardiac rates generally cause micro-motions in the chest or back, the phase of the received echo signal from a target fluctuates according to the micro-motion. Therefore, vital signs are usually detected via spectral analysis of the phase. However, the probability of false alarms in cardiac rate detection increases as a result of various problems in the measurement environment, such as very weak phase fluctuations caused by the cardiac rate. Therefore, this study analyzes the difficulties of vital sign detection and proposes an efficient vital sign detection algorithm consisting of four main stages: 1) phase decomposition, 2) phase differentiation and filtering, 3) vital sign detection, and 4) reduction of the probability of false alarm. Experimental results using impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar show that the proposed algorithm is very efficient in terms of computation and accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of change in oxygen saturation, vital signs and suction time taken for the suctioning during endotracheal suctioning performed with closed suction system and with opened suction system. Methods: Data were collected from 31 adult patients with ventilator treatment who were admitted to a university hospital in Seoul and the collection period was from July 1 to November 15, 2005. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure were collected immediately prior to the suctioning intervention, during and 1 and 5 minutes after the suctioning from opened suction system and closed suction system. Results: 1) The difference in oxygen saturation was statistically significant in recovery time for oxygen saturation to return to baseline values after suctioning was significantly rapid on closed suction system (p<.05). 2) The difference in heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure was statistically insignificant 3) The suction time was shorter in closed suction system. Conclusion: Closed suction system is more efficient, as compared with the open suction system in the ventilator treatment.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 1979

The purpose of the study is to construct a life table for population. It is based on the fraction of last year of life, $a_X$. The data necessary for this purpose have been obtained from the 1975 Population Census Report of Korea and the Vital Statistics of Shindong-myon, Chunseong-gun, Gangwon Province which is collected for the Seoul National University public health program. Age specific death rate is adapted by the Model Life Table, West, Level 21. For the age groups of less than 5 years of age, when the record of vital events can be obtained, the fractions are calculated from the community vital statistics. And for the age groups older than 5 years of age, Greville's Method is used. The findings are summarized as follows: 1) The fraction of last year of life in infantile group is 0.3684 for males, 0.3711 for females, and in 1-4 years of age group 1.2164 for males, 1.2274 for females. Both are more than those of Japan and U.S. in 1963. 2) Infant mortality rate is 42.37 for males, 31.77 for females per 1,000 live births. 3) The mortality curves show that a higher rate is observed under 1 year of age. It drops to the lowest point at around 10 years of age and rises again as the age increases. 4) The age estimated half-survival rate is during the age group of 70-74 for both sexes. 5) Life expectancy at the age of 0 shows 65.73 years for males and 69.22 years for females.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.4-14
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• 2004

Background : To examine the problems involved in writing practice of death certificates, we compared the determination of underlying cause of death for vital statistics using recorded underlying cause of death in issued death statistics. Methods : We collected 688 mortality certificates issue in year of 2,000 from 3 university hospitals. And we also collected vital statistics from ministry of statistics. The causes of death were coded by experienced medical record specialists. And causes of death determined at ministry of statistics for national vital statistics were mapped to causes of death recorded at each death certificates. The rate that underlying causes of death for vital statistics were derived from underlying causes of death recorded at issued death certificates were analysed. Results : 64.5% of underlying cause of death for could be derived from underlying cause of death recorded at issued death certificates, 8.6% derived from intermediate cause of death, and 3.9% derived from direct cause of death. In 23% of cases, underlying cause of death could not be derived using issued death certificates. The rate that underlying cause of death for vital statistics could be derived from underlying cause of death recorded at death certificates was different between 3 university hospitals. And the rate was also different between death certificates and postmortem certificates. We classified the causes of death using 21 major categories. The rate was different between diseases or conditions that caused death too. Conclusion : When we examined the correctness of death certificate writing practice using above methods, correctness of writing could not be told as satisfactory. There was difference in correctness of writing between hospitals, between death certificates and postmortem certificates, and between diseases and conditions that caused death. With this results, we suggested some strategy to improve the correctness of death certificate writing practice.