• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2006

개개의 망막신경절세포는 자신이 담당하고 있는 망막의 특정부위에 빛자극이 가해지면 그 빛자극의 특징을 활동전위의 형태로 인코딩하게 된다. 이때 개개의 망막신경절세포가 담당하고 있는 망막의 특정부위를 감수야(receptive field)라 부른다. 그러므로 망막신경절세포의 전기적 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 감수야의 위치를 규정하는 작업이 반드시 필요하다. 그 이유는 감수야의 배열 상태를 알게 되면 신경절세포가 어떻게 시각자극을 인코딩하는지 그 메커니즘에 관한 통찰이 가능하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 무작위 바둑판 자극을 MEA의 개개 채널에 독립적으로 인가함과 동시에 여러 망막신경절세포의 흥분파를 기록하였다. 이후 오프라인에서 망막신경절세포의 파형을 추출하고 ON-cell, OFF-cell, ON/OFF-cell로 분류한 후 개개의 망막신경절세포의 감수야를 WATLAB을 이용하여 구현하여 보았다. 이런 방식으로 재구성된 ON-cell과 OFF-cell의 감수야의 예를 제시한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in grapes, red wine, and berries. Resveratrol has been known to have many beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and life-prolonging effects. However, relatively little is known about the effects of resveratrol on the regulation of ligand-gated ion channels. We have previously reported that resveratrol regulates subsets of homomeric ligand-gated ion channels such as those of 5-$HT_{3A}$ receptors. The ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric $acid_C$($GABA_C$) receptor is mainly expressed in retinal bipolar cells and plays an important role in visual processing. In the present study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on the channel activity of homomeric $GABA_C$ receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA encoding human $GABA_C$ ${\rho}$ subunits. Our data show that the application of GABA elicits an inward peak current ($I_{GABA}$) in oocytes that express the $GABA_C$ receptor. Resveratrol treatment had no effect on oocytes injected with $H_2O$ or with $GABA_C$ receptor cRNA. Co-treatment with resveratrol and GABA inhibited $I_{GABA}$ in oocytes with $GABA_C$ receptors. The inhibition of $I_{GABA}$ by resveratrol was in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The $IC_{50}$ of resveratrol was $28.9{\pm}2.8{\mu}M$ in oocytes expressing $GABA_C$ receptor. The inhibition of $I_{GABA}$ by resveratrol was in voltage-independent and non-competitive manner. These results indicate that resveratrol might regulate $GABA_C$ receptor expression and that this regulation might be one of the pharmacological actions of resveratrol on the nervous system.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

본 연구는 인간의 상호관계성 혹은 인간의 사회화과정이 오늘날의 시각디자인에 어떻게 관여되고 있는가를 사회학적, 심리학적인 이론을 바탕으로 규명할 목적으로 작성되었다. 먼저 인간의 사회화에 대한 생리학과 철학, 그리고 심리학적인 근거를 고찰하였고 이들이 시각디자인에 구체적으로 어떻게 작용하는가를 사례연구를 통하여 분석하였으며, 분석된 결과를 결론으로 도출하였다. 문헌연구를 통하여 얻어낸 인간의 사회화과정의 심리요인은 성적쾌락추구를 비롯하여 11개로 정리되었고, 이를 도구 삼아 1994년부터 2003년까지 대한민국광고대상 수상작 40편의 인쇄매체광고디자인을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과는 생물학적인 기초로서의 적응가치와 문화적 각인항에 사례의 대부분이 반응하고 있었음이 발견되었고, 광고가 지니고 있는 기본적인 존립근거로는 사회적 불안심리로서의 상호불신과 대가행렬에 바탕을 두고 있었음이 발견되었다. 이는 앞으로의 광고 역시 오늘날과 같은 존재이유를 지니는 한, 적응가치, 문화적 각인, 사회학습, 모방학습 등에 기초할 수밖에 없음을 시사하는 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.748-754
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on pain level, blood pressure, pulse rate, sleep, anxiety and depression of patients with pain. This study used a non equivalent quasi-experimental design. Aromatherapy was the inhalation of blending oils with lavender, eucalyptus, peppermint for 3 weeks. As the estimation for the physiological aspect, the visual analogy scale (VAS) for the pain level, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured. Also, as the estimation for the psychological aspect, Sleep of Snyder-Halpern & Verra, anxiety of Spielbeger and depression of Beck were used. The data were analyzed by SAS program using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, Cronbach ${\alpha}$ and t-test. The results of this study were as follows. Pain level(p=0.001), state anxiety(p=0.018), trait anxiety(p=0.002), and depression(p<0.001) improved significantly in the experimental group. Also, there was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on the depression(p=0.012). Aromatherapy was effective in physiological and psychological therapy. Also it can be applied in combination with existing Oriental medical therapy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2014

This study was designed to report treatment for Behcet's disease with arthritis We treated 2 Behcet's disease patients with arthritis. A 46-year-old female patient was treated with Cheongsimyeonja-tang. Another case, 44-year-old female patient was diagnosed as Sjogren's disease at first and diagnosed as The Behcet's diseases about 1 year later, treated with Cheonglijagam-tang. The progress was evaluated with the visual analogue scale for joint pain and hot flush, and length of sleeping time. There was improvement in the symptoms of visual analogue scale for joint pain and hot flush, also length of sleeping time. Cheongsimyeonja-tang, Cheonglijagam-tang can be considered as a treatment for patient diagnosed as Behcet's disease suffering from arthritis, especially.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1364-1368
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical effects of Gyebongnyeong capsule in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea patients. We studied ten patients visit Se-Myung University Oriental Medical Center from February, 2005 to March, 2005. Women with organic disease such as ut. myoma, ov. cyst and pelvic inflammatory disease were excluded from this study. We treated them with Gyebongnyeong capsule for two menstrual cycles. The severity of dysmenorrhea were measured by VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and Patient's Global Assessment. Gyebongnyeong capsule significantly decreased the severity of dysmenorrhea. Gyebongnyeong capsule did not show hepatic and renal virulence. This study shows that Gyebongnyeong capsule has remarkable effects on dysmenorrhea patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2012

This case report describes the effectiveness of cervical chuna manipulation in the management of traumatic temporomandibular joint disorder. A 14-year-old male developed trismus after being stuck. He received cervical chuna manipulation and acupuncture. The mouth opening range was assessed to measure disability, and the visual analogue scale to measure discomfort. This was carried out at the beginning, during and at the end of treatment. After treatment, the patient's mouth opening range was improved from 10 mm to 45 mm. Also, the visual analogue scale was decreased. This case study suggests that cervical chuna manipulation can be effective for the management of traumatic temporomandibular joint disorder.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2010

To understand the function of edges in perception of moving objects, we defined four questions to answer. Is the focus point in visual motion detection of a moving object: (1) the body or the edge of the object, (2) the leading edge or trailing edge of the object, (3) different in scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminance levels, or (4) different for colored objects? We measured the Optomotor Response (OMR) and Edge Triggering Response (ETR) of goldfish. We used a square and sine wave patterns with black and red stripes and a square wave pattern with black and grey stripes to generate OMR's and ETR's in the goldfish. When we used black and red stripes, the black leading edges stimulated an ETR under scotopic conditions, red leading edges stimulated an ETR under photopic conditions, and both black and red leading edges stimulated an ETR under mesopic luminance levels. For black and gray stripes, only black leading edges stimulated an ETR in all three light illumination levels. We observed less OMR and ETR results using the sine wave pattern compared to using the square wave pattern. From these results, we deduced that the goldfish tend to prefer tracking the leading edge of the pattern. The goldfish can also detect the color of the moving pattern under photopic luminance conditions. We decided that ETR is an intriguing factor in OMR, and is suitable as a method of behavioral measurement in visual system research.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2019

Bumblebees have apposition compound eyes (one on either side of the head) of about 6,000 ommatidia and three small single-lens ocelli on the frons of their head capsule. The surface of the eye is smooth and interommatidial hairs, as in the honeybee, are not developed. Each ommatidium (approx. 26 ㎛ in diameter) is capped by a hexagonal facet and contains in its centre a 3 ㎛ wide, columnar light-perceiving structure known as the rhabdom. Rhabdoms consist of thousands of regularly aligned, fingerlike microvilli, which in their membranes contain the photopigment molecules. Axons from each ommatidium transmit the information of their photic environment to the visual centres of the brain, where behavioural reactions may be initiated. Since bumblebee eyes possess three classes of spectrally different sensitivity peaks in a ratio of 1:1:6 (UV= 353 nm, blue= 430 nm and green=548 nm) per ommatidium, they use colour vision to find and select flower types that yield pollen and nectar. Ommatidial acceptance angles of at least 3° are used by the bumblebees to discriminate between different flower shapes and sizes, but their ability to detect polarized light appears to be used only for navigational purposes. A flicker fusion frequency of around 110Hz helps the fast flying bumblebee to avoid obstacles. The small ocelli are strongly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and green wavelengths and appear to act as sensors for light levels akin to a photometer. Unlike the bumblebee's compound eyes, the ocelli would, however, be incapable of forming a useful image.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

Biological sensory systems continuously monitor and analyze changes in real-world environments that are relevant to an animal's specific behavioral needs and goals. Understanding the sensory mechanisms and information processing principles that biological systems utilize for efficient sensory data acquisition may provide useful guidance for the design of smart-sensing systems in engineering applications. Weakly electric fish, which use self-generated electrical energy to actively sense their environment, provide an excellent model system for studying biological principles of sensory data acquisition. The electrosensory system enables these fish to hunt and navigate at night without the use of visual cues. To achieve reliable, real-time task performance, the electrosensory system implements a number of smart sensing strategies, including efficient stimulus encoding, multi-scale virtual sensor arrays, task-dependent filtering and online subtraction of sensory expectation.