• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

The trained examiner can gain considerable information from visual inspections of the elbow joint, Because much of the joint is subcutaneous, any appreciable alteration in the skeletal anatomy often is detectable. Gross soft tissue swelling or muscle atrophy is also early observed. Inspection and palpation of the medial and lateral epicondyles and the tip of the otecranon from an equilateral triangle with the elbow is flexed. Normally, the arc of flexion extension, although variable, ranges from about O to 140 degrees plus or minus 10 degrees. The posterolateral rotatory instability(PLRI) of the elbow is most common pattern of elbow instability. The lateral collateral ligament complex also includes a narrow but stout band of ligamentous tissue blending with the distal and proterior fibers of the capsule to insert distally on the crista supinatoris of the ulna. This is the lateral ulnar collateral ligament(LUCL). A clinical elbow pivot shift test confirms the PLRI. There are also two active apprehension signs.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2002

Most of the agricultural structures are in shortage of feasible facility management because these structures are small in size and spacially distributed in rural area. Inspection tools based on visual inspections are generally used for agricultural structures in most of the countries, including Korea. It is necessary to survey data of the irrigation structures to maintain records, and to develop the interface program by constructing database of inspection data. This study was conducted to develop a system for safe appraisal and repair works on agricultural irrigation structures. Repair and rehabilitation method can be chosen from an optimum viewpoint if the information between the method and life-cycle management cost of agricultural structures is constructed in the database. In this study, the system assisting onsite field investigation and determining the typical rehabilitation method of typical agricultural structural problems such as fractures and cracks of members was developed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 2013

Corrosion of RC bridge decks eventually leads to delamination, severe cracking and spalling of the concrete cover. This is a prevalent deterioration mechanism and demands for the most costly repair interventions during the service life of bridges worldwide. On the other hand, decisions for repairs are usually made whenever the extent of a limit crack width, reported in routine visual inspections, exceeds an acceptable threshold level. In this paper, while random fields are applied to account for spatial variation of governing parameters of the corrosion process, an analytical model is used to simulate the corrosion induced crack width. However when dealing with random fields, the Monte Carlo simulation is apparently an inefficient and time consuming method, hence the utility of neural networks as a surrogate in simulation is investigated and found very promising. The proposed method can be regarded as an invaluable tool in decision making concerning maintenance of bridges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.1084-1089
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• 2009

This paper presents the example of landslide triggered by the failure of earth retaining wall. Close examinations such as visual inspections and non-destructive testings revealed that the earth retaining wall does not have enough strength to resist active earth pressure and ground water pressure. This fact is proved to be a direct initiation of landslide. Numerical studies including slope stability analyses and seepage analyses were performed with material properties obtained by geophysical explorations and laboratory tests. The results of numerical studies show that the overturning of the earth retaining wall affects the slope stability, leading to landslide consequently.

• Plant Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

This paper presents failure analysis on weld-joint of the waterwall tubes in USC boilers. Visual inspections were performed to find out the characteristics of the fracture. Additionally both microscopic characteristics and hardness test were carried out on failed tube samples. Failures seem to happen mainly because the welding process such as preheating and PWHT(post-weld heat treatment) was not conducted strictly. Thus, this paper has the purpose to describe the main cause of the poor welding process and to explain how to prevent similar failures in those weld-joints.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.172-173
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• 2021

In recent, unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have been widely used for various purposes, such as safety inspection, facility condition inspection, progress monitoring, in the architecture engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. This technology can provide visual assets regarding the conditions of construction jobsites as well as constructed facilities during flying over the point of interests. With the significant interests in this advancement, the recent studies have presented how the UAS can be applied fro different types of facilities (e.g., buildings, power genereation systems, roads, or bridges) to inspect the current conditions of them for safe operations as well as public's safety. This study reviewed the receent studies to document their scientific findings and practical contributions, as well as provided the overview of further implications for future studies.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

As the number of deteriorated buildings increases, the importance of safety diagnosis, maintenance, and the repair of buildings also increases. Traditionally, building condition assessments are performed by one person or one company and various inspections are needed. This entails a subjective judgment by the inspector, resulting in different assessment results, poor objectivity and a lack of reliability. Therefore, this study proposed a method to bring about accurate grading results of building conditions. The limitations of visual inspection and condition assessment processes previously conducted were identified by reviewing existing studies. Building defect data was collected using the reverse-engineered three-dimensional (3D) model. The accuracy of the results was verified by comparing them with the actual evaluation results. The results show a 50% time-saving to the same area with an accuracy of approximately 90%. Consequently, defect data with high objectivity and reliability were acquired by measuring the length, area, and width. In addition, the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the building diagnosis process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2023

Concrete is a widely used material due to its excellent compressive strength and durability. However, depending on the surrounding environment and the characteristics of the materials used in the construction, various defects may occur, such as cracks on the surface and subsidence of the structure. The detects on the surface of the concrete structure occur after completion or over time. Neglecting these cracks may lead to severe structural damage, necessitating regular safety inspections. Traditional visual inspections of concrete walls are labor-intensive and expensive. This research presents a deep learning-based semantic segmentation model designed to detect cracks in concrete walls. The model addresses surface defects that arise from aging, and an image augmentation technique is employed to enhance feature extraction and generalization performance. A dataset for semantic segmentation was created by combining publicly available and self-generated datasets, and notable semantic segmentation models were evaluated and tested. The model, specifically trained for concrete wall fracture detection, achieved an extraction performance of 81.4%. Moreover, a 3% performance improvement was observed when applying the developed augmentation technique.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to find the correlation between exophthalmetry and visual functions. Methods: Exophthalmetry and visual functions of 200 adults without ophthalmophathy and general disease were examined. Exophthalmetry were measured with Hertel's exophthalmometer. Visual functions (myopia, distance exophoria, near exophoria, near point of convergence, near point of accommodation) were measured for three times. Results: The exophthalmetry was $13.59{\pm}1.10mm$. Myopia, distance exophoria, near exophoria, near point convergence, and near point accommodation were measured as $-2.48{\pm}1.91D$, $3.51{\pm}1.78{\Delta}$, $5.73{\pm}2.44{\Delta}$, $9.63{\pm}2.82cm$, and $21.73{\pm}10.28cm$. With increasing exophthalmetry, the unaided visual acuity, myopia and astigmatism were decreased. On the other hand, distance exophoria, distance esophoria, near exophoria, near point of convergence and near point of accommodation were significantly increased, while exophthalmetry was increased. Conclusions: The relationship between visual functions and exophthalmetry were found to be statistically significant. It could be used as the clinical criteria for prescription of binocular inspections.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 1995

The primary objective of this research was to investigate optimum manufacturing condition of thin composite panels composed of sawdust, polyethylene film and polypropylene net. At the study the experiment was designed to make thin board in which sawdust offers effectiveness as core composing material, polyethylene as adhesive with added urea resin, and polypropylene as stiffness and flexibility in the composition panel. 100 types of thin composite panels were manufactured according to press-lam and mat-forming process of various hot pressing conditions(pressure, temperature and time). They were tested and compared with control boards on bending properties(MOR, MOE, SPL, WML), internal bond strength, thickness swelling, linear expansion and water absorption. At the same time the visual inspections of each types of panels were accomplished. The physical and mechanical properties of composite types passed by visual inspection were analyzed by Tukey's studentized range test. From the statistical analysis, the optimum manufacturing condition of thin composite panels were selected. Compared with two manufacturing processes, mat-forming process performed better than press-lam process in all tested properties. The optimum manufacturing conditions resulted from the experiment and statistical analysis were able to determine as following: the press temperature was shown the most good result at 130$^{\circ}C$ in mat forming process and 140$^{\circ}C$ press lam process, the press time 4 min in both processes, but the press pressure was 25-10kg/$cm^2$ in mat forming and 15k/$cm^2$ press lam process.