• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2016

피고용인의 직업만족에 대한 연구는 그들의 직업 적응과 결과를 가늠하는 매우 중요한 연구 주제이다. 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 시각장애인 안마사들의 직업만족 정도와 그 예측 변인들을 사회인지진로발달이론의 통합직업만족모델을 근거하여 탐구한 것이다. 현재 안마사로 종사하는 221 명의 우리나라 시각장애인 안마사들이 본 연구에 참여 하였다. 다중회귀분석을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 자신들의 직업을 통해 얻어지는 수익이 자신이 원하는 정도와 부합하고, 안마사로서 효율적이라고 생각하며, 긍정적 정서를 경험하고, 습득한 직업 훈련 내용이 현 직업에서 수행하는 실제 내용과 잘 맞아 응답자들의 직업만족도는 높게 나타났다. 그러나 개인적 가치와 직장이 추구하는 가치가 부합하는가와 가족, 친구, 그리고 중요한 사람들로부터 얼마나 많은 사회적 지지를 받는가 하는 요인들은 현재 연구에 참여한 우리나라 시각장애인 안마사들의 직업만족 정도에 기여하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 두 가지 중재효과의 존재를 확인하였다. 즉, 우리나라 시각장애인 안마사들의 긍정적인 정서는 안마사들의 직업에 대한 주관적 부합과 직업만족 간의 관계에서 그리고 사회적 지지는 안마사들의 안마 효율성과 직업만족간의 관계에서 중재효과를 드러내었다. 이러한 연구결과를 근거로 정책입안자와 연구자, 장애인 재활 전문가를 위한 함의를 도출하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2017

대한민국 군의 K 계열 전차에 장착되어 있는 열영상장비의 목적은 시계가 제한된 환경에서 외부의 적외선 영역의 정보를 인간이 인지할 수 있는 시각 정보로 변환하는 것이다. 열영상장비의 시계, 배율, 분해능, 변조전달함수, 잡음등가온도차, 최소분해가능온도차 등의 지표 중에서 최소 분해 가능 온도차(MRTD)는 공간주파수와 온도분해능을 복합적으로 표현할 수 있기 때문에, 열영상장비의 성능 표현에 있어 가장 중요한 파라메터이다. 그러나 NATO의 MRTD 표준 측정 방법은 많은 주관적인 요소를 포함하고 있다. 즉, 측정자의 정신 상태, 시력 등의 차이와 측정환경에 따라 측정 결과의 오차가 발생하므로 MRTD의 측정결과는 안정적이지 못하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정성적인 MRTD 측정 방법을 gary scale을 바탕으로 이미지 연산을 통한 정량적인 지표로 변환하였다. 흑상과 백상의 Gray scale 차이의 평균을 최소분해가능온도로 변환하여, 국방규격서에서 요구하는 성능요구조건의 충족여부를 판단할 수 있다. 또한 gray scale은 MRTD의 탐지/인지/식별의 판별기준으로 활용할 수 있다. 전차에 열영상장비가 탑재되어 작전을 수행할 때의 탐지 가능 거리를 안개, 폭우, 맑은 날씨 등의 다양한 환경조건에 따라 분석하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10757-10762
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of VIA screening with cryotherapy and to record normative values for indicators anticipated in similar low resource settings. Women aged 30-49 years were targeted, resulting in 1961 women screened and treated at two primary health care (PHC) centres near Suva, Fiji. Recruitment was through provision of information, education and communication (IEC). Referrals to a gynaecology outpatient department (OPD) at a referral hospital occurred throughout the screening pathway. Participation was 32% (95%CI 31-33%), higher in iTaukei (Melanesians) women (34%, 95%CI 33-36) compared to Fijians of Indian descent (26%, 95%CI 24-28). Regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, indicated significantly lower participation in those of Indian descent, and age groups 35-39 and 45-49 years. Of those examined by VIA, 190 were positive with aceto-white lesions (9.9%), within the expected range of 8-15%, with minor geographic and ethnic variation. Positive VIA results were more common in the peri-urban area, and in those aged 35-39 years. Of women aged 30-49 years, 59 received cryotherapy (none of whom had significant complications), 91 were referred to OPD, two cervical carcinomas were identified and eight cervical intra-epithelial neoplasms (CIN) II-III were diagnosed. These results provide normative findings from a community-based VIA screening program for other similar low resource settings.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.440-451
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• 2008

최근 IP 기반의 멀티미디어 서비스가 증가하면서 IPTV에 대한 수요가 급증할 것으로 예상되고 있다. IPTV는 케이블을 이용하는 기존의 TV와 달리 IP 네트워크 기반의 다양한 서비스 제공이 가능하다. 그러나 IPTV 서비스 품질은 패킷 손실, 지터와 같은 네트워크 열화에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 언제나 안정된 서비스를 보장하기가 힘들다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 영상 열화에 대하여 주관적 평가를 반영한 IPTV 서비스 품질측정 방안을 도출한다. 이를 위하여 시청자에게 인지적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 열화 항목을 선정하였으며 선정된 각 열화 항목에 대하여 측정 메트릭을 제안하였다. 각 열화 항목에 대하여 MOS(Mean Opinion Score) 기반의 주관적 평가를 수행하였으며 제안한 메트릭의 측정 결과를 주관적 평가에 사상시켜 주관적 인지 상태를 고려하는 항목별 객관적 품질측정 기준을 도출한다. 다양한 영상에 대한 실험을 통해 개발된 품질측정 메트릭이 주관적 측면을 잘 반영하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to development the diagnosis indicators for the fatigue group without disease using analysis of questionnaire data. Methods The subjects were divided into three groups, the fatigue group with disease, the fatigue group without disease, non-fatigue group without disease. Thirteen kinds of questionnaire (Fatigue visual analogue scale, Fatigue severity scale, Pain visual analogue scale, Short-form McGill pain questionnaire score, Headache impact Test-6, Neck disability index, Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire score, Blood stasis assessment scale, Physical activities questionnaire score, Beck depression inventory, Anger expression inventory score, Mood disability scale, Job stress scale) were carried out for the subjects. Results The results of this study are ; 1) The weight, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were different among three groups. 2) Among nine questionnaires related to the physical or life conditions, the averages of eight questionnaires were not same one another. 3) Among four questionnaires related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system, the averages of Beck depression inventory were not same one another. Conclusion The fatigue group without disease can be diagnosed through using the both the questionnaires related to the physical or life condition and the those related to the mental condition or autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.2-15
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• 2022

Objectives: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be noisy and violate rules with their disruptive behaviors, resulting in greater difficulties with off-task behaviors and being at risk for social refusal. The visual activity schedule (VAS) intervention program is a frequently used method to teach multiple skills involving on-task, use of schedules, transition behaviors, social initiation, independent play skills, classroom skills, and academic skills. The current systematic review aimed to examine the efficacy of using VAS intervention in reducing problem behaviors in children with ADHD between 5 and 12 years of age. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted using two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) to identify relevant studies published in English between 2010 and 2020. Four studies met the inclusion criteria: two studies examined the effect of schedule-based tasks and the use of an iPad on classroom skills, while the other two examined randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of psychosocial treatment for ADHD inattentive type and a cross-sectional study examined the impact of the group size on task behavior and work productivity in children with ADHD. Results: The findings indicate that the interventions used in all four studies could lead to increased satisfaction among participants and parents, as well as a reduction in problem behavior. In terms of the research indicators, the RCT had low quality, while the others were of high quality. Conclusion: A larger number of studies and the ADHD clinical population would help to increase the generalizability of future reviews of treatments in this context.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) has been widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. Epidural injection of steroids can reduce the incidence and duration of postoperative pain in a short period of time. Although steroids are widely believed to reduce the effect of surgical trauma, the observation indicators are not uniform, especially the long-term effects, so the problem remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural steroids following PTED. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database from 1980 to June 2021 to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials comparing epidural steroids and saline alone following PTED. The primary outcomes included postoperative pain at least 6 months as assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and the time of return to work. Results: A total of 451 patients were included in three randomized and two non-randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes, including VAS and ODI scores, did not differ significantly between epidural steroids following PTED and saline alone. There were no significant intergroup differences in length of hospital stay. Epidural steroids were shown to be superior in terms of the time to return to work (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Intraoperative epidural steroids did not provide significant benefits, leg pain control, improvement in ODI scores, and length of stay in the hospital, but it can enable the patient to return to work faster.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2768-2787
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• 2023

As an important research direction of the application of computer science in the medical field, the automatic generation technology of radiology report has attracted wide attention in the academic community. Because the proportion of normal regions in radiology images is much larger than that of abnormal regions, words describing diseases are often masked by other words, resulting in significant feature loss during the calculation process, which affects the quality of generated reports. In addition, the huge difference between visual features and semantic features causes traditional multi-modal fusion method to fail to generate long narrative structures consisting of multiple sentences, which are required for medical reports. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-feature optimization Transformer (MFOT) for generating radiology reports. In detail, a multi-dimensional mapping attention (MDMA) module is designed to encode the visual grid features from different dimensions to reduce the loss of primary features in the encoding process; a feature pre-fusion (FP) module is constructed to enhance the interaction ability between multi-modal features, so as to generate a reasonably structured radiology report; a detail enhanced attention (DEA) module is proposed to enhance the extraction and utilization of key features and reduce the loss of key features. In conclusion, we evaluate the performance of our proposed model against prevailing mainstream models by utilizing widely-recognized radiology report datasets, namely IU X-Ray and MIMIC-CXR. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that our model achieves SOTA performance on both datasets, compared with the base model, the average improvement of six key indicators is 19.9% and 18.0% respectively. These findings substantiate the efficacy of our model in the domain of automated radiology report generation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1139-1149
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• 2023

Objectives: This study is designed to verify the effects of Mannyeon-hwan (MNH) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 g by injecting acetic acid through the anus. The rats were classified into four groups: normal group, acetic acid (AA) group, AA+MNH (L) (low concentration) group, and AA+MNH (H) (high concentration) group. The body weight, visual evaluation of the colonic mucosa, anatomical histological changes, and changes in the expression of cytokines in the colon tissue were compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with the normal group, weight loss was observed in mice induced with colitis. Compared with the AA group, weight loss recovery occurred in the AA+MNH (L) and AA+MNH (H) groups, and significant changes were observed after the sixth day. In the visual evaluation of the colonic mucosa, a significant decrease in damage indicators was observed in the AA+MNH (L) and AA+MNH (H) groups compared with the AA group. In terms of anatomical histological changes and changes in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in colon tissue, a significant decrease was observed in the AA+MNH (L) and AA+MNH (H) groups compared with the AA group. A more pronounced decrease was observed in the AA+MNH (H) group compared with the AA+MNH (L) group. Conclusion: The effects of MNH on colitis were confirmed through research. MNH can be used as a first-line treatment for patients complaining of colitis who visit oriental medicine clinics.