• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 국내 산란계의 주요 질병에 대한 면역상태 및 역가수준을 파악하기 위해 2015년부터 2017년까지 3년간 충북대 수의과대학 조류질병학 실험실에 의뢰된 산란계의 혈청을 성장기와 산란기를 고려하여 주령별로 구분하여 분석하였고, 계절에 따른 검사결과를 분석하였다. 검사대상 질병은 검사 의뢰건 수가 많고, 혈청검사 결과가 유의미한 질병인 LPAI, ND, IB, aMPV, EDS'76, IBD, CIA, MS로 한정하였다. AI와 ND의 경우 전체적인 GMT, CV의 양상은 비슷하게 진행되었다. 반면 LPAI의 경우 주령별 계군양성율이 불균일하고 편차가 최대 약 50%의 큰 차이를 보였지만 ND의 경우 균일한 양성률을 보이며 편차는 2% 미만으로 낮게 확인되었다. 또한, 전체적인 GMT 역시 LPAI가 ND에 비하여 낮게 형성됨을 확인하였다. 이는 각 질병의 특성과 백신접종의 차이에 따른 결과로 판단된다. IB는 음성계군과 전체계군을 비교할 때 전체 계군의 역가수준이 전반적으로 높았고, CV값은 낮은 경향을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 야외 IB virus의 노출을 추정할 수 있었다. aMPV는 2011년에 백신 출시 이후 과거에 비해 높은 항체양성률과 GMT역가 상승을 확인할 수 있었다. EDS'76은 전주령 구간 균일한 역가분포를 나타내었고, 백신에 의한 역가형성을 확인할 수 있었다. IBD는 0~1.5주령의 어린 일령에서 전반적인 IBD 모체이행항체가 높은 수준의 양성률을 보였고 3주령 이후 높게 형성되는 양성률이 모체이행항체수준을 높이는 것으로 추정되고, 향후 지속적인 혈청학적 모니터링이 진행되어야 하겠다. MS는 2017년 백신 출시 이후 양성률과 역가가 높게 나타나는 결과를 보였지만 의뢰건 수가 적고 백신 도입 초기이기 때문에 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

목 적: 만성 B형 간염 환자의 치료에 interferon alfa는 효과가 있는 것으로 알려지고 있지만 연구자에 따라 차이가 있으며 소아에서의 치료 후의 조직학적 변화에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 소아 만성 B형 간염에서 interferon alfa의 치료 효과와 추적 생검이 가능했던 환자에서의 조직학적 변화에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 3월부터 1997년 8월까지 서울대학교병원 소아과에서 6개월 이상 HBsAg과 HBeAg 및 HBV DNA가 양성이었으며 간 조직검사상 만성 간염으로 확진된 환자 35명을 대상으로 recombinant interferon alfa 3~6 MU(평균 $3.4\;MU/m^2$)를 주 3회씩 6개월간 피하주사 하였다. 치료 시작 12개월 이상 혈청학적 변화를 추적 관찰하였다. interferon에 반응이 있는 환자 중 18명에서 치료후 간생검을 실시하여 조직학적 변화를 분석하였다. 결 과: 1) 치료 환자 35명 중 17명(49%)에서 인터페론 치료 시작 6개월에 HBV DNA의 감소가 있었고, 12개월째에 22명(63%)에서 HBeAg 및 HBV DNA의 음전이 생겼으며 18개월까지는 25명(71%)에서 관찰되었다. 반응군에서 혈청 ALT치는 모두 정상화되었고, HBsAg의 음전은 1명에서 관찰되었다. 2) 어머니가 HBsAg 보유자가 아닌 수평감염, 치료전 ALT가 정상의 2배 이상, 간조직의 심한 괴사와 염증이 interferon에 대한 반응이 좋은 예측인자이었다. 3) 치료 후 반응군의 간조직 소견에서 간맥주위괴사, 소엽내 활성도, 간맥내 염증, 간섬유화, total HAI가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결 론: 소아 만성 B형 간염에서 interferon alfa 치료 후 63%에서 반응을 보였으며, 혈청학적 변화는 조직학적 소견의 호전과 연관이 있다. 소아 만성B형 간염 환아에서 interferon 치료는 혈청학적, 생화학적, 조직학적 관해를 유도하는 효과적이고 안전한 치료방법이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1999

목 적 : 무균성뇌막염은 소아에서 주로 발생하는 질환으로, 흔히 장 바이러스에 의해 초래 된다. 저자들은 그동안 우리나라에서 분리된 무균성뇌막염 원인바이러스의 5'-NCR에 대한 sequencing을 통하여 prototype과의 homology를 비교하고 이 연구를 진단에 이용하기 위한 기초자료로 이용하기 위하여 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방 법 : 과거 4년간 우리나라에서 분리한 장바이러스 Coxsackie B1, Echovirus 3, 7, 9, 30 을 이용하여 RNA를 분리하고 RT-PCR을 이용하여 DNA를 합성한 후, direct sequencing을 이용하여 WHO에서 얻은 prototype과 homology를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) PCR product는 155bp와 440bp부위에 특징적인 띠를 관찰할 수 있었다. 2) 155bp에 관한 sequencing homology를 보면 prototype의 Coxsackie virus와 echovirus 는 92.1%의 homology를 보였다. 3) 환자에서 분리한 Coxsackie B1은 prototype과 94.1%의 homology를 보였다. 4) 환자에서 분리한 Echovirus 3은 92.8%, Echovirus 7은 92.8%, Echovirus 9는 94.1%, Echovirus 30은 82.9%의 homology를 보였다. 결 론 : 장바이러스의 5'-NCR은 homology가 높아서 진단에 이용하기에 좋으며 이 부위를 통한 typing을 위해서는 더 긴 부위를 sequencing할 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5525-5529
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• 2015

Background: Currently it is believed that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with the development of some oral/oropharyngeal cancers. It has been suggested that these viruses influence carcinogenesis in both smokers and non-smokers. Data on the prevalence of HPV in healthy adults are thus needed to estimate the risk of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral HPV in healthy female adults in Indonesia and Thailand. Materials and Methods: Healthy female students from the Faculties of Dentistry of Universitas Indonesia and Chiang Mai University were asked to participate in this pilot study. DNA was extracted from saliva specimens and screened for HPV16 and HPV18 using PCR. Results: The age, marital status and sexual experience of the subjects between the two countries were not significantly different. Eight (4%) and 4 (2%) samples were positive for HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. Fisher's Exact test found a significant difference between HPV16 positivity in subjects who were married and had sexual intercourse but not for HPV18. Conclusions: This study successfully detected presence of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA in a number of saliva samples from female dental school students. Marital status, experience of sexual intercourse and safe sexual practice are related to the possibility of finding HPV DNA finding in saliva. Dentists, physicians and other health care professionals may gain significant value from the findings of this study, which provide an understanding of the nature of HPV infection and its risk to patient health and disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2014

The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to habitual betel quid (BQ) chewing is unclear. Risk of HCCis increased with adverse hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic viral hepatitis on adverse hepatic fibrosis in HCC related to BQ chewing. This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 200 pairs of age- and gender-matched patients with HCC and unrelated healthy controls. Serologic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein (AFP), and surrogate markers for significant hepatic fibrosis were measured. Information on substance-use habits was obtained with a questionnaire. By analysis of surrogate markers for hepatic fibrosis, the prevalence of significant hepatic fibrosis in patients chewing BQ was between 45.8% and 91.7%, whereas that for patients without BQ chewing was between 18.4% and 57.9%. The difference was significant (P <0.05 for each surrogate marker). Multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (odds ratio (OR) = 3.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-8.37), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.92, 95% CI, 1.77-8.68), AFP >400 mg/L (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.05-4.66) and male gender (OR = 4.06, 95% CI, 1.29-12.77) were independent factors associated with habitual BQ chewing. In conclusion, adverse hepatic fibrosis and severe liver damage play important roles in the pathogenesis of BQ-related HCC, which could be aggravated by chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. BQ-cessation programs and prevention of chronic HBV/HCV infection are needed to prevent HCC related to BQ chewing.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.454-459
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• 2016

Pre- or post-harvest processing is required to mitigate the risk of norovirus infection mediated by shellfish or seafood. We investigated the environmental resistance of human norovirus (HuNoV) under various conditions of temperature, salinity, and pH in seawater. Male-specific coliphage (MSC) was as the reference virus for all tests. At 4℃, HuNoV GII4 spiked into seawater was continually detected by RT-PCR for 35 days, regardless of salinity or pH level. It maintained nearly stable concentrations, meaning HuNoV can sustain a viral population in seawater long enough to be accumulated by shellfish and other filter feeders during winter. MSC was also stable at 4℃ although viral infectivity dropped sharply after 28 days. The effects of salinity and pH on MSC were indistinct. At 25℃ the detectable period of HuNoV GII4 by RT-PCR in seawater decreased to about one-third or half of the period at 4℃. High salinity (32 psu) and alkaline pH (8.5) were also unfavorable for sustaining HuNoV abundance at 25℃ in seawater. The resistance patterns of MSC to high temperature, high salinity, and alkaline pH were more dramatic and viral infectivity decreased over time, almost in direct proportion to experimental days. MSC was undetectable after 12 days under all salinities and pH levels at 25℃.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2018

Objective: The Fusarium mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zerolenone (ZEN) cause health hazards for both humans and farm animals. Therefore, the main intention of this study was to reveal DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the liver of piglets. Methods: In the present study, 15 six-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to the following three different dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, diet containing 8 mg DON/kg feed, and diet containing 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. After 4 weeks, liver samples were collected and sequenced using RNA-Seq to investigate the effects of the mycotoxins on genes and gene networks associated with the immune systems of the piglets. Results: Our analysis identified a total of 249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 99 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes in both the DON and ZEN dietary treatment groups. After biological pathway analysis, the DEGs were determined to be significantly enriched in gene ontology terms associated with many biological pathways, including immune response and cellular and metabolic processes. Consistent with inflammatory stimulation due to the mycotoxin-contaminated diet, the following Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways, which were related to disease and immune responses, were found to be enriched in the DEGs: allograft rejection pathway, cell adhesion molecules, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), type I diabetes mellitus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus infection, and viral carcinogenesis. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that DON and ZEN treatments downregulated the expression of the majority of the DEGs that were associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9), proliferation (insulin-like growth factor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, lipase G, and salt inducible kinase 1), and other immune response networks (paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta, Src-like-adaptor-1 [SLA1], SLA3, SLA5, SLA7, claudin 4, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme, ubiquitin D, histone $H_2B$ type 1, and serum amyloid A). Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrated that high concentrations DON and ZEN disrupt immune-related processes in the liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2018

Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2010

한국은 가축의 수입이 많아 외래성 질병에 항상 노출되어 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 2003년부터 2008년까지 외국에서 한국으로 수입된 말의 전염성 질환의 발생실태를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 2003년부터 2008년까지 수입된 6,650두의 말을 대상으로 가축전염병예방법에 등재되어 있는 주요 전염병 7개 항목(말전염성빈혈, 말파이로플라스마병, 말전염성동맥염, 비저, 구역, 전염성자궁염, 수포성구내염)을 검사하였다. 말전염성빈혈은 수입된 말 6,189두 중 3두에서 양성을 나타내었으며, 말파이로플라스마병은 6,005두 중 37두, 말전염성동맥염은 6,043두 중 28두, 구역은 2,071두 중 4두, 비저는 1,950두 중 4두가 양성을 나타내었다. 말전염성자궁염과 수포성구내염은 모든 말에서 검출되지 않았다. 전체적으로 수입된 말 6,650두 중 76두가 전염성 질환에 대해 양성을 나타내었다. 특히 탄자니아에서 수입 된 말의 66.6%가 비저에 양성을 나타내었다는 것은 주목할만한 결과이며, 이것은 1996년 이래 최초로 검출되었다.