• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1997

To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to determine associated risk factors, a population-based seroepidemiologic study was carried out. In 1993, a health examination survey of the population was carried out in rural area known to have a high incidence of liver cancer. The study population were those who volunteered to participate in a health survey over 10 years of age. Examinees were interviewed by specially trained staffs. Sera from 1,033 study subjects were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by .everse passive hemagglutinin (RPHA) estimation and for hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) by 2nd generation passive hemagglutinin (PHA) estimation. The age and sex standardized prevalence of HBsAg was 6.3% which was similar to national average, but that of anti-HCV was 5.1% which was 4 to 5 times higher than that of blood donors or other health examinees in Korea. In a multivariate analysis, transfusion history, surgical operative history, and acupuncture history were not associated with HBsAg positivity. In contrast, acupuncture history (adjusted odds ratio[OR]=2.2 : 95% Confidence interval[CI] 1.0-4.7) and surgical operative history(adjusted OR=2.0 : 95% CI 1.0-4.1) were associated with anti-HCV positivity. The present study suggest that there is an highly endemic area of HCV infection in Korea and probably this endemicity is associated with a parenteral source of HCV infection other than blood transfusion.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2003

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a systemic disease of ruminants caused by a gamma herpesvirus, ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). Four 1-year old goats (Capra hircus), which were infected with MCF virus, OvHV-2, by being housed together with MCF virus-infected seep, were referred with a I-month history of chronic dermatitis. On the other hand, MCF virus-negative goats, which were isolated for negative control, had not those kinds of skin problems. Examination of the affected goats revealed generalized alopecia, patchy erythema, and superficial erosions with histologic evidence of mural folliculitis. Fungal culture tests and external parasite tests with the scraping skin samples were negative. However, polymerase chain reaction revealed the existence of MCF virus DNAs in the lesion. These results suggested that MCF virus may induce mural folliculitis and alopecia in goat.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

Infection-induced acute hepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis is associated with hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis E virus. Although rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection should be considered also in the differential diagnosis if the patient has acute hepatitis combined with pancreatitis. We report a case of EBV infection with cholestatic hepatitis and pancreatitis with review of literature. An 11-year-old female was admitted due to 1-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting without any clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Diagnosis of reactivated EBV infection was made by the positive result of viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, VCA IgG, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and heterophile antibody test. We performed serologic tests and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to exclude other viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disorder, and structural problems. The patient's symptoms recovered rapidly and blood chemistry returned to normal with conservative treatment similar to previously reported cases.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2020

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-2019) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2). This new viral disease was unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of November 16th 2020, it affects about 54.3 million populations, death troll increased to 1.32 million cases in worldwide. Whereas in India 8.85 cases are infected with COVID-19, of which 1, 30, 112 cases were died. Till now there has been no specific anti-virus drug or vaccines are available for the treatment of this disease, the supportive care and non-specific treatment to the symptoms of the patient are the only options in Biomedicine, the entire world turns its attention towards alternative medicine or Traditional medicine. Siddha medicine is one of the primordial systems of medicine practiced in the southern part of India, it dealt a lot about pandemic, and its management. This review provides an insight into Pandemic in Siddha system and its management in both ancient history and modern history, National and state level Government policies related to current pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on usage of unproven drug during infectious disease outbreak, Preparedness of Siddha system during a pandemic outbreak Challenges and Recommendations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.281-292
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• 1986

Infection by hepatitis B virus is one of the major health problems of this nation. HBsAg positive rates of general population and school children were known to be as about 8 percent and 3.9 to 5.9 percent respectively. To study the incidence rate of hepatitis B infection in school children of rural area, author had examined 475 school children of relatively isolated agricultural area for baseline prevalence of hepatitis B virus serologic markers and followed up 415 school children during 10 months to determined the frequency of serologic conversion. The major results are summarized as followings: 1) Among the 278 susceptible children who were followed up, 26 had seroconversion for HBsAg or Anti-HBs. Therefore, the cumulative incidence rate during 10 months is estimated 9.4%. 2) The incidence rate of hepatitis B infection tends to increase with age (6-9yrs: 3.2%, 10-14yrs: 9.5%, 15-17yrs: 18.9%), and the incidence rate in male (13.0%) was higher than in female (5.7%). 3) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically among three economic classes (The rates of lower, middle and higher class were 11.8%, 7.1% and 10.5%.). 4) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically between visitors and non-visitors of clinic or hospital, dental clinic, persons received IV and not received IV, and persons with familial history and without familial history of liver diseases. Therefore all of these factors were not identified as risk factor of hepatitis B virus infection. And the transmissibility within the class of school was not recognized, too. 5) Among the 25 children who were HBsAg positive when enrolled, 15 (60%) were still HBsAg positive, who were identified as chronic carrier 15 of 415 school children were chronic carriers, then chronic carrier rate was estimated 3.6%, and there was no difference between sexes. 6) Of 38 children who had been Anti-HBs positive when enrolled, 5 (13.2%) lost Anti-HBs. Therefore, the loss rate of Anti-HBs per year is estimated to be 15.8%.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2005

The history of computer virus comes along with that of computer. Computer virus han surfaced as a serious problem in information age. The advent of open network and widespread use of Internet made the problem even more urgent. As a method of defense for computer virus most companies use anti-virus software. Selecting appropriate anti-virus software involves various criteria and thus it is a multiple-attribute decision making problem. The purpose of this study is to prioritize anti-virus software evaluation factors. To do that, first of all, important evaluation factors are selected based on previous research on anti-virus software as well as general software evaluation models. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted on end-users, system administrators and anti-virus software developers. The survey result was analyzed with ExpertChoice 2000 which is based on Analytic hierarchy Process technique. This study found that there are clear differences among three survey groups regarding the relative importance of overall evaluation factors. End-user group ranked "cost" first, but it was the least important factor to developer group. Developers pointed out "operational support" ad the most important factor. There were also obvious differences in the relative importance of detail evaluation items. Both end-users and system administrators shared 7 common items among top 10 most important items. Moreover, neither of the two groups ranked any of the items in the "operational support" factor in top 10, whereas all 4 items in the factor were included in top 10 by developer group.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.22.1-22.5
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• 2018

In 1966, the International Classification of Viruses (ICNV) was established to standardize the naming of viruses. In 1975, the organization was renamed "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)," by which it is still known today. The primary virus classification provided by ICTV in 1971 was for viruses infecting vertebrates, which includes 19 genera, 2 families, and 24 unclassified groups. Presently, the 10th virus taxonomy has been published. However, the early classification of viruses was based on clinical results "in vivo" and "in vitro," as well as on the shape of the Phenotype virus. Due to the development of next-generation sequencing and the accompanying bioinformatics analysis pipelines, a reconstruction of the classification system has been proposed. At a meeting held in Boston, USA between June 9-11, 2016, there was even an in-depth discussion regarding the classification of viruses using metagenomic data. One suggested activity that arose from the meeting was that viral taxonomy should be reconstructed, based on genotype and bioinformatics analysis "in silico." This article describes our efforts to achieve this goal by construction of a web-based system and the extension of an associated database, based on ICTV taxonomy. This virus taxonomy web system was designed specifically to extend the virus taxonomy up to strain and isolation, which was then connected with the NCBI database to facilitate searches for specific viral genes; there are also links to journals provided by the EMBL RESTful API that improves accessibility for academic groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2009

목 적 : 열성 경련은 소아에서 흔한 신경계 질환이며 재발의 가능성이 있어 위험인자를 조절하여 예방하는 것이 중요하다. 최근 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 열성 경련과 관련성이 높고 열성 경련의 재발과 연관되어 있다는 보고가 있어, 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염과 관련하여 발생한 열성 경련 환아의 임상적 특징과 재발에 관계된 위험 요소를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 11월부터 2008년 2월까지 침례 병원에 입원하여 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염으로 증명된 환아 57명 중 열성 경련을 일으켰던 11명을 환자군으로 하였다. 비교를 위하여 대조군은 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 있으면서 열성 경련을 일으키지 않은 환아 46명을 대조군 1로, 열성 경련으로 입원하였으나 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 없었던 환아 53명을 대조군 2로 하였다. 결 과 : 환자군에서는 대조군 1보다 최고체온이 $39.3{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$로 높았고, 총 발열 기간이 $2.9{\pm}1.2$일로 짧았으며, 열성 경련의 과거력이 8명(72.7%)으로 더 많았다. 또한 환자군과 대조군 1의 비교에서 다변량 분석 결과 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염이 있을 때 이전 열성 경련의 병력이 있는 경우 열성 경련의 재발 가능성이 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 조사되었다(OR=225.9, 95% CI : 1.7-4,780.0, P<0.05). 그 외에 성별, 나이, 열성 경련의 가족력은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 열성 경련 환아에서 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 유무에 따라 비교하였을 때, 환자군에서 대조군 2에 비해 경련이 있기 전까지 발열 기간이 $0.9{\pm}0.7$일로 짧았고, 열성 경련의 과거력이 8명(72.7%)으로 대조군2에서 18명(34%)보다 더 많았다. 환자군과 대조군 2의 비교에서 다변량 분석결과 이전 열성 경련의 병력이 있는 경우 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 시 재발할 가능성이 통계적으로 유의하게(OR=5.5, 95% CI : 1.2-25.1, P=0.03) 높았고, 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 시 열성 경련 전의 발열 기간이 1일 증가할 때마다 열성 경련할 가능성은 0.3배(95% CI : 0.1-0.9) 감소하였다. 복합 열성 경련은 환자군에서 36%였고, 대조군 2에서 22%로 통계적으로 의미 있게 차이를 보이지는 않았다(P=0.46). 그 외에 성별, 나이, 최고 체온, 총 발열기간, 열성 경련의 가족력의 경우는 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 환자군과 대조군1,2사이에 다변량 분석결과를 비교해 볼 때 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 환아에서 열성 경련의 위험인자로서 열성 경련의 과거력이 유일하였다. 그러므로 열성 경련의 과거력이 있는 환아에서, 특히 인플루엔자 유행 시기에는 인플루엔자 바이러스 예방접종이 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염에 의한 열성 경련의 재발을 막는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2024

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two Novirhabdovirus antigens (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV) was used to detect specific antibodies against VHSV from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) sera. In ELISA plates with VHSV culture supernatants (VHSV-Ag plate), optical density (OD) values for sera from olive flounder with VHS history (VHS sera) ranged from 0.64±0.36, and those of sera from fish without VHS history (non-VHS sera) ranged from 0.26±0.26. In IHNV-Ag plate, the OD values (0.43±0.28) for VHS sera were quite low compared to those in VHSV-Ag plates, while the OD values for non-VHS sera were almost similar. When the OD values for each serum were calculated by subtracting the OD values in the IHNV-Ag plate from those in the VHSV-Ag plate, the corrected OD values were significantly different between VHS sera and non-VHS sera. The results were completely in line with fish histories of VHS epizootics. It was considered that the corrected OD values may represent the true values recognized by VHSV-specific antibodies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.20
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• 2024

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreak was first reported in Java Island, Indonesia, in 1926, which was then reported further in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Nevertheless, the NDV is still endemic in Indonesia, with outbreaks occurring in free-range and commercial chicken farms. The dynamic evolution of the NDV has led to the further development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for more effective control of this virus. This paper discusses the history of the NDV occurrence, vaccines, the development of diagnostic tools, and the epidemiological condition of the NDV in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has the largest poultry population in the world after China, has challenges in preventing and controlling this virus that causes economic losses to the farmers and has an impact on the welfare of the poultry farming community in Indonesia.