• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1317-1325
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• 2008

Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. One potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. In order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor IX, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. The most critical factor affecting the filtration efficiency was operating pH and the optimum pH was 6 or 7. Flow rate increased with increasing operating pressure and temperature. Recovery yield in the optimized production-scale process was 96%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered factor IX in comparison with those before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production-scale cartridges and to test if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including human hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (HAV, PPV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (HIV, BVDV, and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$6.12 for HAV, $\geq$4.28 for PPV, $\geq$5.33 for EMCV, $\geq$5.51 for HIV, $\geq$5.17 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.75 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of factor IX.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.247-250
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• 1999

Wasabies showing mosaic symptoms were collected and extracted for virus purification. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was identified as causal agent by electron microscopy and nucleic acid and coat protein analyses. TMV strains were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TMV was identified as W and C strain in wasabi. The results of host reaction indicated that this virus induced local lesions on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow and N. glutinosa, leaf spots on Chenopodium amaranticolor and mosaic symptoms on wasabi. Rot shape virus particles were observed and was about 300 nm in length. About 6.5 kb single RNA molecule was observed from extracted viral RNA sample and 26 KDa coat protein was detected in denatured acrylamide gel. Infection ratio of TMV was 8% for the first cultivation year, but was 22% for the second year when TMV-W antiserum was used. The results of this experiment showed that infection ratios of both TMV-W and TMV-C strains were higher compared to that of TMV-P strain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.585-595
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• 1992

We have investigated the characteristics of encephalomyocarditis(EMC) virus isolated in Korea. The CPE, buoyant density, polypeptide profile and the size of RNA of EMC virus were examined. The granulation, pyknosis and necrosis were observed from 30 to 48 hour's post inoculation of the virus into baby hamster kidney and lung cells. The buoyant density was 1.30 and $1.35g/m{\ell}$. Three different polypeptides, 26Kd, 32Kd, and 34Kd in size, were observed and the size of viral RNA was 7.7Kb.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.140-147
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• 2004

Urokinase is an enzyme with fibrinolytic activity (plasminogen activator) isolated from fresh urine of healthy men. Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparation of the protein from urine. In order to increase the viral safety of a high purity urokinase in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a novel polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. Urokinase was able to pass through the filter with recoveries of 95% in the production scale process. No substantial changes were observed in physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered urokinase in comparison with those of the enzyme before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production scale cartridges and tested if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including porcine parvovirus (PPV), human hepatitis A virus (HAV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (PPV, HAV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (BVDV and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$4.86 for PPV, $\geq$4.60 for HAV, $\geq$6.87 for EMCV, $\geq$4.60 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.44 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of the final products.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

This work was conducted to obtain some information about stable production of high quality seed-tubers in the late season cultivation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Growth characteristics and storage root yield between virus-free and farmer's slips in 9 cultivars were investigated using black-film vinyl mulching cultivation with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on July 10. At 30 days after planting, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, and number of branch in virus-free slips were significantly increased than those in farmer's slips. The vine growth was significantly different among cultivars, and vine elongation was excellent in 'Kogeonmi', 'Shincheonmi', 'Shinhwangmi', 'Shinyulmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi' compared to the other cultivars. At 110 days after planting, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, number of branch, and fresh weight were significantly different among cultivars, but no significant differences between virus-free and farmer's slips were seen except number of node. Total yield in virus-free slips was increased by 12-49% among cultivars than that in farmer's slips. The mean yields between virus-free and farmer's slips were 1,625 kg/10a and 1,230 kg/10a, respectively, and it was significantly different between virus-free and farmer's slips. Percentage of marketable storage root in virus-free slips was 65.6%, and it was significantly higher than 57.8% in farmer's slips. Marketable yields ($40g{\leq}$) between virus-free and farmer's slips were 1,067 kg/10a and 710 kg/10a, respectively. Marketable yield in 'Shincheonmi', 'Shinyulmi' and 'Shinzami' was more than 1,300 kg/10a, and these cultivars showed to be highly adaptable for the late-season cultivation among 9 tested cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1994

Burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) KB 108 was developed from a single cross between KB 104 and TC 591 which was developed from a cross between Burley 49 and Tobacco Introduction 1406. It was tested for its resistance to black shank, potato virus Y(PVY), TMV and agronomic characteristics under field conditions. KB 108 has resistance to tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) and necrotic strain of potato virus Y(PVY-VN) with secreting glandular trichomes. It has also moderate resistance to black shank caused by phytophthora parasitica val. Nicotianae. KB 108 has an up-right plant growth habit similar to Burley 21. It flowers about 1-2 days later than Burley 21. The leaf width and length of KB 108 are approximately 3 cm wider and longer than those of Burley 21. The yield of KB 108 was higher 4%, nearly equal in value per kg compared to Burley 21.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 1991

Biochemical characteristics of Spodoptera uigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeNPV) isolated in Jinju were studied. SeNPV contained a number of nucleocapsids within a viral envelope embeded in polyhedra. The polyhedral protein of SeNPV was composed of a single polypeptide with a M. W. of 30kd. Double-immunodiffusion test showed that the polyhedral protein of SeNPV had common antigenic determinants with SINPV and BmNPV. Virion proteins of SeNPV were resolved into 49 polypeptides by silver staining after SDS-PAGE. The approximate genome size of SeNPV by restriction endonuclease analysis was 1l0kb.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.202-209
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• 2023

Android malware is now on the rise, because of the rising interest in the Android operating system. Machine learning models may be used to classify unknown Android malware utilizing characteristics gathered from the dynamic and static analysis of an Android applications. Anti-virus software simply searches for the signs of the virus instance in a specific programme to detect it while scanning. Anti-virus software that competes with it keeps these in large databases and examines each file for all existing virus and malware signatures. The proposed model aims to provide a machine learning method that depend on the malware detection method for Android inability to detect malware apps and improve phone users' security and privacy. This system tracks numerous permission-based characteristics and events collected from Android apps and analyses them using a classifier model to determine whether the program is good ware or malware. This method used the machine learning techniques KNN-SVM, DBN, and GRU in which help to find the accuracy which gives the different values like KNN gives 87.20 percents accuracy, SVM gives 91.40 accuracy, Naive Bayes gives 85.10 and DBN-GRU Gives 97.90. Furthermore, in this paper, we simply employ standard machine learning techniques; but, in future work, we will attempt to improve those machine learning algorithms in order to develop a better detection algorithm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2016

H3N2 canine influenza virus emerged in South Korea in 2007 and subsequently spread to China and Thailand, causing epidemic or endemic respiratory diseases in dogs. Through intermammalian species transmission, the virus has also infected cats. However, no direct evidence of significant genetic evolution has been reported since its first emergence. Here, we describe in depth the genetic and molecular characteristics of the ancestral strain (i.e., the first virus isolate from South Korea) of the H3N2 canine influenza virus currently circulating in East Asia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.218-223
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• 1995

A nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from the oriental tobacco budworm larvae, Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee) was characterized by electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE, restriction endonuclease analysis and cross infectivity. The shape of a polyhedron was $1.0\mu\textrm{m}$ in average with icosahdral outline, and the virus particle was $65nm\times300nm$ in average with rod-shape. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus was contained a single nucleocapsid within a viral envelope embedded in a polyhedron. The polyhedral protein was composed of a single polypeptide with a M.W. of 31 Kd. The genome size of the virus by restriction endonuclease analysis was about 120 Kb. Among several nuclear polyhedrosis viruses, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus from Helicoverpa assulta (HaNPV) and Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) were infected the oriental tobacco budworm larvae.