• Applied Microscopy
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2014

Study on the egg envelope of an endemic Korean freshwater fish, Coreoleuciscus splendidus was carried out by light and scanning electron microscopes during its spawning season. The egg envelope on the entire egg is filled with plenty of long cylinder-like villi before and after fertilization. The fertilized eggs consist of two regions, the attaching and non-attaching parts to stick to the substrates. The villi covering the fertilized eggs have three kinds of villi in its length: 1) normal- sized villi of an average of $10.6{\mu}m$ on the non-attachment part; 2) longer and more slender villi over about $20{\mu}m$ on the attachment part, at least being two times longer than those of the non-attachment; and 3) shorter villi under about $5.0{\mu}m$ around the micropyle, with half the size of the non-attachment villi. The micropyle rotated in a counter-clockwise direction with five pieces of the ridges.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1018-1021
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the villus distribution in the caeca of domestic geese based on the fine structure. The caeca of White Roman geese, 14-week old, were sampled and specimens were detected under photomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the villi existed at the proximal caecum. The morphologies of these villi showed finger-like, peak-like or tongue-like shapes. The heights of the villi decreased far from the proximal caecum. No villi were found in the middle and distal caecum. It was obvious that the proximal segment was the main portion for absorbing food nutrients in the caeca. The caecal content particles were small and possessed a viscid character. The large particles filtered out at the proximal caecum just like a mesh. The surface of the middle caecum exhibited parallel ridges with no villi. There were band plicae circular shapes found in the middle caecum under scanning electron microsopy.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

Small intestine has a structure called villi that increases the mucosal surface area for nutrient absorption. Intricate and tight epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for villi development. These interactions are regulated by signaling molecules, physical forces, and epithelial deformation. Signaling molecules include hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt ligands. The Hh ligand is expressed from the epithelium and binds to the underlying mesenchymal cells, resulting in aggregation into mesenchymal clusters. The clusters express BMP and Wnt ligands to control its size and spacing between clusters. The clusters then form villi. Despite the fact that the villi formation is studied extensively, we do not have a complete understanding. In addition, the recent study shows there is a great relationship between the overexpression of the Hh signal and development of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, signaling between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their physical interactions will be discussed on this review.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2002

The morphological studies on the rectal development in the 60-, 90- and 120-day-old fetuses and neonates of Korean native goats were investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rectal wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, tunica muscularis and serosa in 60-day-old fetus. The rectal epithelia were stratified in some areas and simple columnar in others at 60- and 90-day-old fetuses but was only observed simple columnar epithelium at 120-day-old fetus. The goblet cells and the intestinal glands appeared in the rectal mucosa at 90-day-old fetus and gradually increase in number during gestation period. The rectal villi appeared at 60-day-old fetus and increased in length and width until 90-day-old fetus but the villi appeared to be shorter and degenerated after 120-day-old fetus. Only the rudiment trace of the villi remained at birth. The tunica muscularis of the rectum were continuously developed during gestation period. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of rectum were observed in the 120-day-old fetuses. Under scanning electron microsoopy, the rectal villi appeared at 60-day-old fetus. The pentagonal/hexagonal microridges and numerous microvilli were observed on the luminal surface of rectal wall. Low and thumb-like rectal villi were developed at 90-day-old fetus. The rectal villi became degenerated after 120-day-old fetus. Only the rudiment of villi was remained at birth. Many circular folds were well developed. Opening portions of intestinal glands appeared like slot.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1995

The development of colon in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The colonic wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa in 60-day-old fetus. 2. The epithelium of the colonic villi was stratified in some areas and simple columnar in others at 60- and 90day-old fetus but was only observed simple columnar epithelium at 120-day-old fetus. 3. The goblet cells and the intestinal glands appeared in the colonic mucosa at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. 4. The well-developed villi of the colon appeared in columnar shape at 60 days of gestation and increased in length and width until 90 days of gestation but the villi appeared to be shorter and degenerated after 120 days of gestation. At birth only the rudiment trace of the villi remained. 5. The tunical muscularis of the colon was continuously developed during gestation period. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers were distinguishly observed in the colon of 90-day-old fetuses. 6. Scanning electron microscopically, the colonic villi developed in columnar shape or finger-like of fetuses at 60 days of gestation. The of the colonic villi became degenerated after 120 days of gestation. At birth only the rudiment trace of villi remained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.539-550
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• 1996

Experiment was conducted to study the effect of sources of dietary fiber on the intestinal morphology of geese. Sixty white Roman geese of two-week-old were divided randomly into six groups and were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets which contain alfalfa meal, barley hull, rice hull, purified cellulose, lignin, or pectin as the major dietary source of fiber. Different sources of dietary fiber significantly influenced the villi height and the crypt depth in the duodenum, and the villi height and the muscle layer thickness in the ileum (p < 0.05). The duodenal villus in the geese that fed diets with alfalfa meal, rice hull or pectin supplemented were significantly longest ($968.5{\mu}m$), whereas the lignin group was significantly shortest villus and deepest crypt depth (p < 0.05). The thicknesses of the ileal and caecal muscle layer were significantly thicker in the geese fed with cellulose supplemented diets than in those fed with the other treatment diets. The caecum of the barley bran fed geese possessed significantly longest villi and the most thick muscle layers (p < 0.05). From scanning electronic microscopic observation, the leafy and plate-like in the duodenal villi morphology of geese represented a more effective nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The morphology of ileal villi in geese was similar from herbivorous rabbit and from the African Green monkey.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2000

소화기계 암의 효과적인 치료중의 하나로 방사선 치료법을 들 수 있으나 이 방법은 장 점막과 같이 빠르게 증식하는 조직에는 특히 부작용을 초래할 수 있다. 생쥐의 공장 융모가 감마선 전신 조사에 의해 형태학적으로 변화하는 정도를 관찰하였다. 생후 4주된 ICR계 생쥐를 6.5Gy와 12Gy를 전신 조사 3일 후에 공장을 채취하여 탈수 과정을 거쳐 파라핀을 입힌 조직을 절편기로 잘라 슬라이드에 부착시키고 일반적인 hematoxylin & Eosin 염색과정을 거쳐 염색후 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 6.5Gy와 12Gy를 조사 받은 생쥐의 융모는 대체로 정상생쥐와 비교 할 때 융모의 길이가 짧아졌으며 융모의 두께가 비후되었고 내강은 넓어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 융모가 소화과정에 중요한 역할을 담당하며 방사선에 비교적 민감함을 나타내므로 방사선에 의한 생체영향 평가 뿐만아니라 방사선 방어제를 검색하는데 하나의 실험 파라메타가 충분히 될 수 있음을 인지하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 1996

Helminth and their ova or protozoan oocysts from fecal samples of cats in Chonju and Daejon were examined from December 1995 to January 1996. Out of the 43 samples, 41(95.35%) were positive and 66(153.49%) were cumulative positive for parasite infection. The identified parasites were summerized as follows; Worms of Toxocara cati(62.79%), Taenia taeniformis(48.88%), Spirometra sp(23.25%) and Diphyllobothrium latum (6.97%), eggs of Clonorchis sinensis(2.32%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae(2.32%) and Capillaria sp(4.65%), oocyst of Isospora (2.32%) sp. In haevy infected intestine, mast cells(38 cells/10 villi) were detected in villi and goblet cells(131 cells/$0.1mm^2$) were severely increased in mucosa. Epithelium of intestine was partially deteched B. The end of villi were necrosed and hyperaemia was widely recognized in lamina propria. T taeniaeformis have not the neck, but have 2 layed hooks(anterior : 19, posterior : 19, total : 38).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.18.1-18.4
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• 2021

The small intestines of two rallid aquatic birds (Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 and Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bahr Al-Najaf depression, southwest of Al-Najaf city, mid-Iraq), were infected with the nematode Amidostomum acutum Seurat, 1918 with a prevalence of 25% and 50%, respectively, and a mean intensity of 24.5 and 30, respectively. The infected birds showed several gross pathological and microscopic lesions in their small intestines due to the infection with this nematode. The gross lesions included hypertrophy in the anterior part of the duodenum and small rough nodules on the small intestine wall. Microscopic lesions included necrosis and shortening of villi with their fullness with inflammatory cells, degeneration of villi, and an increased number of acini at the base of the intestinal villi.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2003

본 실험에서는 항생제 대체물질 탐색의 일환으로 톳에서 추출한 crude fucoidan의 미생물에 대한 항균능력을 in vitro 및 in vivo 상에서 검토하였고, 병아리 장내 응모의 형태적 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 본 실험에서는 갓 부화한 육계 수평아리 84두를 7처리 3반복으로 반복당 4수를 공시하여 3일령에 Salmonella typhimurium을 감염시킨 오염구와 비오염구를 두었으며, 오염구에는 항생제, fucoidan, 톳건조분말, 미역건조분말 및 yeast cell debris를 첨가하였다. 국내산 톳분말에서 추출한 조 fucoidan의 추출 수율은 5.45%로 비교적 높은 추출율을 나타냈다. in vitro 실험에서 fucoidan의 항균능력은 inhibition zone test 및 미생물 성장 실험결과 확인되지 않았다. in vivo실험에서 육계 초생추의 성장률은 fucoidan 첨가구와 YCD 첨가구가 대조구 및 다른 처리구에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였으나, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 또한 in vivo 실험에서 Salmonella typhimurium에 대한 균의 출현율 및 생균수는 항생제 첨가구와 fucoidan 첨가구에서 낮게 나타났다. 각점막 융모의 길이는 fucoidan 첨가구와 해조류 건조분말 첨가 시 짧아진 경향을 나타내었으며, 대부분 대장벽면에 매우 촘촘하게 분포되어 있었으며, 형태는 처리구별로 크게 다르지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과만으로 fucoidan이 항생제 대체물질로 이용될 가능성을 명확하게 제시할 수는 없었으나, 연구할 가치는 충분히 있는 물질임이 확인되었다.