• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

Traditionally mungbean(Vigna radiata L.) sprouts has been eaten soon after washing. The study was carried out to measure the effect of washing before packaging on morphological characters and color of mungbean sprouts. The seeds of cv. Zhong Lu 1 were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 4 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days. The sprouts were washed immediately before packaged with PE envelops or not, and then stored 5 days at $8^{\circ}C$. Their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights, and colors were measured everyday. Compared to washed, nonwashed sprouts had more lateral roots although the two sprouts did nearly same in hypocotyl and root lengths, hypocotyl diameter, fresh and dry weights. Non-washed sprouts, moreover, showed higher brightness in hypocotyl and root and cutting resistance in hypocotyl although there were not significant differences in color a and b, meaning that the latter ones were more rapidly changed during their storage. In non-washed sprouts, number of lateral roots, hypocotyl length and diameter, total fresh and dry weights were nearly same up to 3 days and afterward were declined. Brightness and color b of hypocotyl were decreased with increased storage period although cutting resistance of hypocotyl was since 3 days after storage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.487-490
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• 2004

Methods for culturing bean sprouts could be divided into two main groups of overspraying and underwatering according to water supplying. The study was done to measure the effect of water supplying method on growth of mungbean sprouts and temperatures inside their culture boxes. The morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured on the 6th day after culturing, but temperatures of the boxes were recorded daily by dataloggers. Lateral roots was not formed in the under-watering method (UM) while partially done in the over-spraying method (OM). OM had longer hypocotyl but UM had longer root compared to the other. Two water supplying methods, however, had nearly similar total length adding hypocotyl and root lengths, diameters of middle and upper parts of hypocotyl. OM showed more total fresh weight than UM mainly resulting from increment of hypocotyl fresh weight. The fresh weight increment in OM was caused by relatively higher temperature of culture box compared to UM.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.482-486
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• 2004

Benzyladenopurine (BA), a synthetic chemical commonly used for bean sprout culture, should be minimized for wellbeing foods or not be applied. The study was done to check the effect of different BA concentrations treated during 5 hour imbibition on growth and morphological characters of mungbean sprouts. The mungbean seeds of 3 cultivars (Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) were imbibed for 5 hours in the solutions with different BA concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) before 3 hour aeration. On the 6th day after culture, the mungbean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Regardless of cultivars the composition rate of hypocotyls of longer than 7cm was decreased with increased BA concentration over 50 ppm while the reverse result was true in the rate of shorter than 4cm. In the rate of 4 to 7cm. cv. Owoolnogdu showed the highest rate in its 50 ppm concentration although cv. Keumseongnogdu and Zhong Lu 1 showed similar result to the above two rates. Formation rate and its number of lateral roots were largely changed around 50 ppm concentration but the roots was not formed in over its 75 ppm concentration. Hypocotyl and root lengths of all the cultivars were shortened with increased BA concentration. In the diameter of middle part of hypocotyl, 3 cultivars showed nearly the same responses as the rate of 4 to 7cm hypocotyls. Hypocotyl and total fresh weights per sprout were heavier in BA treated sprouts than in no treated ones but the weights of the former sprouts were not influenced by its different concentrations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.472-476
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• 2004

Lateral roots formed on mungbean sprouts should lower their quality. The study was carried out to clarify the effects of aeration periods (AP; 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (AT; 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$) after 5 hour seed imbibition into 50 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution on growth and morphological characters of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts. On the 6th day, the mungbean sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl lengths; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root, diameters at middle and upper parts of hypocotyl, fraction fresh and dry weights were measured. AP more affected growth of the cultivars than AT showing little effect on them. In the composition rate of the above 4 categories, cv. Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm but nearly the same rate in AP treatments. Rates of longer than 4cm hypocotyls in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu were increased with longer AP but their rates of shorter than 4cm showed reverse response to the former. Formation rate and number of lateral roots per sprout were decreased with longer AP, showing more severe decrement when delayed 3 to 4 hour AP. Upper part of hypocotyls and roots were more thickened and shortened in longer AP, respectively. Total fresh weights had no significant difference between AP treatments while hypocotyl fresh weights were increased with longer AP. It was concluded that in mungbean sprout culture aeration from BA treatment to the first watering permitted at least 4 hours.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.582-587
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 녹두 유전자원의 지방산 함량을 신속 대량 검정하는 기술을 개발하여 유전자원 활용 및 육종 촉진에 기여하고자 하였다. 유전자원 평가에 적합한 신속하고 비파괴적인 지방산 함량 평가기술을 개발하기 위해 공시자원 1,125점의 녹두 종자를 종실상태와 분쇄한 분말상태로 근적외선분광분석기(NIR)를 이용하여 1,104~2,494 nm에서의 스펙트럼을 얻고 이들 중 스펙트럼이 중복되지 않는 원산지가 다양한 대표자원 106점을 선발하여 일반적인 방법으로 지방산 함량을 분석하고, 이 값과 NIR 스펙트럼 흡광도값 간의 상관분석을 위한 calibration set로 활용하였다. 그 결과 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid 및 total fatty acid에 대한 NIR 흡광도와의 상관계수 $R^2$이 각각 0.74, 0.18, 0.12, 0.72, 0.48 및 0.78로 나타났고, 이들 중 $R^2$가 높은 검량식을 미지의 시료 10점으로 검증한 결과, palmitic, linoleic 및 total fatty acid에 대한 검증 상관계수 $R^2$이 0.96, 0.74, 0.81로 나타나, 다양한 녹두 유전자원의 지방산함량 신속 대량 예측에 유효하게 활용될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 공시된 녹두 유전자원 115점 중에서 자원번호 IT208075 자원은 저 지방산 자원($14.24\;mg\;g^{-1}$)으로 선발되었고, IT163279 자원은 고 지방산 자원($18.43\;mg\;g^{-1}$)으로 선발되어 향후 녹두작물의 성분육종에 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2006

Utilization of synthetic benzyladenine (BA) for bean sprout production should be reduced or minimized because of elevating production cost and not ascertaining action mechanism to human body. The study was done to compare the effects of BA concentrations under different watering methods (overspraying or underwatering) on growth and morphological characteristics of mungbean sprouts. Seeds of cv. Zhong-Lu 1 were soaked for 5 hours in the solutions with different BA concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) before 4 hour aeration, and then were cultured for 6 days by both watering systems. Their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Regardless of watering methods, lateral roots were sharply dropped over 30 ppm BA concentrations, and hypocotyl, root and total lengths were shortened with increased BA concentrations although ratios of hypocotyl to root lengths and hypocotyl diameters were enlarged with their increment. Total fresh weights were increased up to 20 ppm in overspraying method but up to 30 ppm in underwatering method mainly due to increment of hypocotyl fresh weights. The sprouts were faster grown in overspraying method than in underwatering method because the former showed longer lengths of hypocotyl and root, and total fresh weights.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2005

Lateral roots of soybean sprouts should deeply affect their quality and marketability. The study was done to compare the effects of ocher, chitosan, corn kennel, tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into their 10% solutions and cultured for 6 days. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths;>7 cm (A), 4 to 7 cm (B), < 4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Composition rate of A was the lowest in Junjery of the three cultivars, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. This results was the most distinct in hard rubber tree leaf extracts (HRTLE) of the five treatments. In HRTLE treatment, lateral root formation rate were formed in almost of Sowonkong although reduced in order of Pungsannamulkong and Junjery. However, there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Lateral roots per sprout were the lowest in HRTLE treatment of the 5 treatments. In all treatments except the chitosan treatment, the roots were most formed in Sowonkong but least in Junjery. Sprout length adding hypocotyl and root was the shortest in Junjery compared to the other two cultivars. and was the longest in tea leaf extract treatment but the shortest in HRTLE treatment. The result in total fresh weight of sprouts was similar to that of the sprout length.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars with appropriate characteristics for labor saving culture (whole crop feeding and combine harvesting), and to investigate seed quality in the southern South Korea. Cultivar Dahyeon exhibited strong lodging resistance, excellent disease tolerance, and greater pod numbers per plant resulting in higher yield. Cultivar Owool and Keumseong, the two most common mungbean cultivars in Korea, exhibited lower yield than Dahyeon due to weaker disease tolerance or lower pod numbers per plant. Cultivar Samgang demonstrated higher seed starch content, Jangan, Nampyeong, and Keumseong exhibited higher crude protein content, and Sohyeon exhibited higher vitexin and isovitexin contents. However, no statistical differences were found among the cultivars in crude fat content. Unsaturated fatty acid ranged from 51.8 to 57.2%, with saturated fatty acid ranging from 36.2 to 40.3%. We detected five unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid (36.1 to 38.6%), linolenic acid (10.3 to 14.7%), and oleic acid (2.7 to 4.6%), and seven saturated fatty acids including palmitic acid (28.7 to 30.9%), stearic acid (2.9 to 4.1%), and arachidic acid (1.5 to 3.7%). There were significant differences between the cultivars in amylogram properties of seeds: the Nampyeong cultivar exhibited a lower gelatinization temperature; Dahyeon was higher in peak viscosity and breakdown; and Sohyeon, Nampyeong, and Dahyeon were lower in setback.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

Traditionally mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) sprouts has been stored after dehydration to decrease their decay. The study was done to determine the effect of watering for final 12 hours of harvest day on morphological characters and color of mungbean sprouts. The seeds of cv. Zhong Lu 1 were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 4 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days, when water-supplied for final 12 hours or not. After packaged with PE envelops, the sprouts stored 5 days at $8^{\circ}C$, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights, and colors were measured everyday. Compared to non-water supplied, water supplied sprouts had thicker hypocotyl diameter in middle part, and higher total fresh weight due to increment of cotyledon and hypocotyl ones although the two sprouts did nearly same in other characters. Only nonwater supplied sprouts showed higher color b value in hypocotyl than water supplied ones although there were not significant differences between them in other color-related characters, meaning that the latter ones were more rapidly decayed during their storage. In non-water supplied sprouts, number of lateral roots, hypocotyl and root lengths, total fresh weight, brightness of hypocotyl and root was decreased since 3 days after storage but cutting resistance of hypocotyl was done since 5 days.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Storage conditions of selling mungbean sprouts should affect their marketability. The study was done to examine the effect of light quality (blue, green, yellow, red, far-red) on greening period, shape, fresh and dry weights of mungbean (cv. Zhong Lu 1) sprouts for 5 days to get some information on designing their various polyethylene envelops with different colors. Periods taking to green were 2 to 3.5 days in blue, red and far-red lights but longer than 6 days in green and yellow lights. Yellow lights had the longest total length adding hypocotyl and root, and blue light did the widest hypocotyl diameter while all light treatments showed similar lateral roots for the period. Total fresh and dry weights were the highest in red light but the least in far-red light. Their lengths and weights in green and yellow lights showing the longest periods for their greening declined with increased storage periods but showed no difference between them, meaning that the envelops should be designed mainly by green and yellow colors.