• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to explore the stability and changes of participant roles in the bullying process, namely, bullies, victims, followers, outsiders, and defenders. In addition, this study examined associated environmental characteristics of both followers and defenders in sixth graders among peer bystanders in the fifth grade. The participants consisted of 461 children from grades 5 to 6(male: 239, female: 222). Data were collected at one year intervals for two data points. The results indicated a moderate consistency in the participant roles the children take across time. Followers and outsiders tended to change differently in their roles one year later. On the other hand, defenders, bullies, and victims tended to keep the same role. The defenders group generally had higher levels of peer attachment, teacher attachment and community's supervision than the followers group. The implications for future research and intervention in bullying were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.314-339
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• 2000

To identify adolescents' moral reasoning and attribution about peer violence, vignette study was conducted. 178 subjects selected from 4 inner city schools were asked to evaluate provoked violent situations. 4 situations depicting the provocation/retribution condition and 3 short vignettes depicting peer violence were presented, and adolescents were asked to judge the violent behavior and the morality of story characters. Analyses revealed that many adolescents focused more on the immorality of the provocation and perceived "hitting back" as a form of reciprocal justice. And a number of adolescents attributed the responsibility to the both of prosecutors and victims with situations which have obscure informations to judge the violent behaviors. In addition, adolescents having more violent characteristics were more likely to attribute the responsibility of violence to the victims than non-violent adolescents. Several suggestions based on these results are as follows: First, school or class-based conflict resolution program should be implemented to intervene in a dispute between peers. Second, it is necessary for comprehensive program such as Aggression Replacement Training including moral education as well as behavior modification to resolve peer violence.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.103-123
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• 2010

This study examined the effect of group counseling on the self-esteem, self-efficacy, and congruent communication style of female victims of family violence. A twice-weekly group counseling consisting of 10 sessions was provided to 5 women residing in shelters in Seoul, South Korea from October $19^{th}$ to November $20^{th}$ 2009. This study employed the self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg(1965) and translated into Korean by Jeon Byoung Jae(1974), a self-efficacy measurement tool(Kim A Young,1997) and a congruency scale(Go Moon Jeong, 2008). The Wilcoxon non-parametric verification was used to identify the differences between before and after the group counseling sessions. The results revealed meaningful improvements in self-esteem, self-efficacy and congruent communication styles.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.21
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• pp.68-90
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• 1993

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.185-199
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of psychological and sexual violence in dating among high school students. Subjects consisted of 1,205 male and female adolescents from all parts of the country. 1,092 respondents were included in the final analysis(90.6%). For psychological violence, 13.3%(n=145) reported to have such experiences with a dating partner at least once or more. The most frequently used forms of violence were shouting, insulting language and behaviors, and blaming for a physical appearance. There were no sex differences in frequency of psychological violence between males and females, as an aggressor or a victim. Responses of victims were mostly negotiation and communication, and trying to forget it. For sexual violence, 27.8%(n=303) was found to have such experiences in a dating scence at least once or more. Hugging and kissing, close contact of parts of body, and gazing at parts of body were most frequently used forms. Responses of victims were pretending not to notice it and responding in the same way. There were significantly more male aggressors of sexual violence than females, but no sex difference in the number of victims. Those who reported to have experiences of violence were compared to the counterparts who had no experience in attitudes toward violence between dating partners and married couples, experiences of violence in childhood, school violence, and observations of violence between parents. Those with experience of dating violence reported to have significantly more experiences of violence in childhood and school, and parental violence. Based on the findings of this study, suggestion were made in regard to the need for development of dating violence prevention program for adolescents, and for welfare programs for adolescents in community.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.134-143
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• 2015

Purpose: Many patients are injured by trauma. And some of them expire due to severity of trauma. Various scoring systems have been introduced in grading severity and predicting mortality of trauma patients. This study is to evaluation the usefulness of factors for determining the severity and predicting the prognosis of the trauma victims. Methods: Data on the patients who visited our Emergency departments from January 2010 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed using electronic medical records. The patients were activated severe trauma team calling system. The patients were categorized as survivors and non-survivors. Univariated associations were calculated, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with hospital mortality. Results: Two hundred sixty two(262) patients were enrolled, and the mortality rate was 25.6%. By multivariate analysis, lower respiration rate, lower Glasgow Coma Score, higher International Normalized Ratio and emergency transfusion within 6 hours were expected as severity and prognosis predict factors (each of odds ratio were 24.907, 14.282, 2.667 and 16.144). Conclusion: As predict factors, respiration rate, Glasgow Coma Score, International Normalized Ratio and emergency transfusion, are useful determining the severity and predicting prognosis of trauma victims.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2004

Purpose: This study analyzed the general features, psychiatric histories, past suicidal attempts and psychiatric diagnoses of suicide victims admitted via the emergency department (ED). Methods: Reviewing the charts of 138 inpatients of suicide attempts admitted via the ED from January 2002 to December 2003, we analyzed various data, including sex, age, season, stressful events, psychiatric histories, previous suicidal attempts, and psychiatric diagnoses during admission, and we used a chi-square test to chart the statistical data. Results: A significant difference was found between 1 st attempts and repeated attempts as to the mechanical methods used for the suicide attempts, There was a significant difference in the kinds of drugs between patients with and without psychiatric histories. In the psychiatric diagnosis, there was a significant difference in AXIS I between patients with and without psychiatric histories. In AXIS II, there was a significant difference between patients with and without psychiatric histories, 1st attempts and repeated attempts. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of psychiatric consults, treatments, and follow-ups for suicide victims and the emergency physicians' function in helping them to contact psychiatric doctors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.550-562
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• 2016

Criminal Mediation System in Korea, it did pilot operation by Crime Victim Support Centers such as Daejeon and other two District Prosecutors' Office in April 2006. And starting 2007, Crime Victim Support Centers and Criminal Mediation System conducted from 57 District Attorney's Office and Branch Offices and now 2016, Criminal Mediation System is operated in all the District Attorney's Office. On the other hand, the Attorney General's Office established the 'Criminal mediation practical operating instructions' in October 2009 and created its legal basis at "Crime Victims Protection Act" in September 2010. It seems that the criminal mediation have to operate as the direction for supporting crime victims recovery. However, it seems that the overall infrastructure of the criminal mediation system is built. But I have experienced this through G Attorney's Office as a Criminal mediator activity from 2007 to 2016 now, some issues have emerged such as weak on personal safety in criminal mediation room, etc. Thus, in this paper, I will examine the problems about this and propose improvements of criminal mediation system to fit the practical criminal mediation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.166-175
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• 2017

This study examined children from two families exposed to domestic violence and had psychological counseling in July 2017 at KOVA, a support organization for crime victims. The subjects were exposed to family violence in excess of 10 years and was protected by the shelter with their mothers who had filed complaints with the local police. Victims of domestic violence often face difficulty in avoiding the source of aggression, and thus experience repetitive attacks. This research was conducted at the Buddhism Brain Research Facility, Seoul University, to identify and quantify the emotional characteristics of the affected children in which it is difficult to escape from their living conditions. Data was collected by BrainMaster, a 19-channel examination kit, and analyzed by NeuroGuide. As a result of analyzing the emotional characteristics of the affected children through Quantitative EEG and brain topographical map, we found an increase of slow wave and problems with abnormality of Alpha, High Beta in the left and right Frontal area asymmetry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.531-544
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• 2016

Victim Impact Statement, adopted as a crime victims' right, has been implemented in Korean criminal justice system since 2007, and known that the statement enlarges victims' right in courts and alleviates their suffering resulted from the crime. The statement, however, has raised concerns of infringing on a defendant's procedural rights. Scholars and practitioners had focused more on the legal issue, overlooking psychological effect of the statement to decision-makers in courts. This research reviews fallacy of impact assessment and therapeutic effect from psychological perspective, and also suggests alternatives to assuage the concerns by admission of the statement.