• School Mathematics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2006

Proofs in school mathematics are regarded as the procedures to examine a proposition's truth or falsehood. However, they are not based on an axiomatic system in general. This implies the possible existence of vicious circles in proofs in school mathematics. The concept of proof can be more completely acquired when accompanied with concept of circular reasoning and necessity of axiomatic system. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss on the axiomatic system in school mathematics curriculum. The vicious circle can be found in computing an area of a circle by using definite integral in differentiation/integration part of high school textbooks. This paper will first illustrate this in detail and then offer several comments on the axiomatic methods related to the dissolution of that circular reasoning. To further the discussion, Archimedes' derivation for the area of a circle will be considered next. Finally, several arguments on circular reasoning, local organization, and axiomatic system in school curriculum will be presented at the end of the paper.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.5-32
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• 2015

Last year, a disastrous accident happened on the sea. Car ferry Se-wol which was on its way from In-cheon to Je-ju sank in the middle of the western sea. 304 passengers were drowned at the sea in the accident. There were no passengers who were waiting on board ship rescued in the accident. This study is to review the pattern of decision making in the middle of saving a life, right after Se-wol was about to sink. The starting point of this study is decision making on the rescue by rescue corps with no expert knowledge at the initial stage. When it comes to saving victims, there was no expert on rescue on the sea. Failure in rescue at Se-wol disaster lets us find a vicious circle of positive feedback loop. Experts with no experience act like well-qualified persons. Unqualified persons(leaders) have no expertise. Those who pretend to be expert occupy the important post in the hierarchy. It means we could not accumulate expertise of know-how in rescue division. That's why a vicious circle of positive feedback is formed in areas of disasters. It is necessary to train experts in Government Organizations to weaken the vicious circle of positive feedback.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2021

Medication alone is not sufficient to treat insomnia. In addition, the side effects of sleep medications themselves cannot be ignored during treatment. Insomnia begins with poor sleep quality and discomfort, but as it continues, patients fall into a vicious circle of insomnia with negative thoughts and dysfunctional and distorted perceptions related to sleep. Mindfulness-based intervention for insomnia corrects these sequential cognitive and behavioral processes. The mindfulness technique basically recognizes all the thoughts, feelings, and experiences that occur to us as they are, nonjudgmentally, and then trains them to return to the senses of our body. In this way, while noticing all the processes of the sequential vicious cycle and training them to return to our bodies (e.g., breathing), mindfulness determines whether we are really sleepy or just fatigued. This mindfulness-based intervention can be a useful nonpharmaceutical intervention for insomnia, and its stability and efficacy has been proven by many studies.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

The excessive cost of building ships causes the instability of payability, which manage poorly fishing vessels longer than 24m. As a result, an officer evades embarkation and a vicious circle is repeated. In this study, the optimal engine horsepower system for fishing vessels longer than 24m was invented to develop the most efficient engine horsepower, and also a database program for the most efficient engine horsepower has been developed based on the type of and their size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.355-356
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• 2006

This paper proposes an Molding error compensation method that improves accuracy with geometry information of injected parts using three-dimensional measuring instrument. a traditional mold design has been conducted by an experience-based trial and error, whereby generally the mold designer would decide the gate location and processing conditions. as a natural consequence, almost all creats inferior goods. It's just a process of trial and error and caught in a vicious circle. Due to this reason, this paper uses a three-dimensional measuring instrument, a commercial analysis package of injection molding(Moldflow, MPI) to analysis a state of flux. In addition to that axiomatic approach.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 2013

This paper explores a structural mechanism underlying governmental reformulation. Studying cases of governmental reorganizations occurred during past 60 years, this paper constructs a causal map containing a principle of small government, an integrative organization of the government, and a committee organization. A positive feedback loop linking these factors produces an increase in the number of the committee organization in the government. Also, this paper points out that there might be a hidden self fullfilling prophecy that reinforces the principle of small government. Open experiment toward a big government is proposed to overcome the vicious circle of small government curse.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 1995

The causes of complicated chronic insomnia are very various and interact with vicious circle. Patient with this insomnia has generally a strong fear and frustration about failing to control of sleep and a deep mistrust toward doctor. To solve this complicated problems detailed history taking and sleep questionnaires are needed with objective polysomnography. Through these procedures, doctor should clarify causes of insomnia and explain them to patient in details and kindly. This process would be very helpful to restore the mistrustful relationship between patient and doctor and reduce patient's vague fear for insomnia. In treatment of complicated chronic insomnia, it is most important for patient to understand his problems and participate in the treatment schedule actively with assurance. Also doctor should encourage patient persistently not to be drop out. Most important factor for prognosis is patient's personality. Causes of complicated chronic insomnia are like these, overdose of hypnotics and sedatives, daily drinking alcohol with hypnotics, insomnia associated depression, delayed sleep phase syndrome, sleep state misperception, marked fear for insomnia, hyperarousal at bed, insomnia associated periodic leg movement and sleep apnea, chronic hypnotic insomnia, and immature personality. And possible treatments of these insomnias were discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
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• s.51
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• pp.75-83
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• 2010

In terms of deregulation requests from business, incidents at construction sites are rapidly increasing after reducing the regular safety training hours. Especially, to prevent incidents through safety trainings for construction site workers, who have lots of hazardous tasks than general manufacturing, is not only to protect property of both the companies and the country but also to increase their profits. That is why there are loud voices regarding that the safety training is a core mandatory to prevent industrial incidents. But, most companies, as soon as the deregulation for safety training is implemented, mitigated conducting safety trainings to prevent incidents. With this, theincidents are currently to be increased and caught in a vicious circle of many incidents at the smaller companies because of their absentmindedness regarding safety training due to their poorness as subcontractors of major companies, comparing to major companies. This study explains that incident factors are roughly divided into technical factor, managerial factor, and educational factor. And, we confirmed that the educational factor led by deficiency safety awareness and knowledge was the major factor.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.149-165
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• 2001

This paper analyses characteristics of the numerical controller industry in market formation and the flow of information between users and producers and the characteristic of knowledge base of the industry and discuses the difficulties derived, from the characteristics, in accumulation of technological capability. In market formation between users and producers, the multi-layered market is not favorable to domestic producers in that lower end market is not large enough to provide cradle market to them which produce inferior quality and lower price than imported products. The credibility of the performance of a product is different to prove until a critical mass of products are sold. Therefore gaining market share is deterred by unproven credibility of the performance of the product. The flow of information between users and producers is limited. The flow of information on users environment through mass market to producers is essential for improving credibility of a product. The nature of knowledge base is tacit and the means of knowledge transmission is limited. Technological licensing and reverse engineering, which have been conventional means of knowledge transmission, are not useful in the numerical controller industry. These characteristics provide conditions of vicious circle in accumulation of technological capability of the numerical controller industry. This paper argues that these characteristics of the industry challenge existing approach to R&D management and framework of science and technology policy.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2009

In terms of deregulation requests from business, incidents at construction sites are rapidly increasing after reducing the regular safety training hours. Especially, to prevent incidents through safety trainings for construction site workers, who have lots of hazardous tasks than general manufacturing, is not only to protect property of both the companies and the country but also to increase their profits. That is why there are loud voices regarding that the safety training is a core mandatory to prevent industrial incidents. But, most companies, as soon as the deregulation for safety training is implemented, mitigated conducting safety trainings to prevent incidents. With this, the incidents are currently to be increased and caught in a vicious circle of many incidents at the smaller companies because of their absentmindedness regarding safety training due to their poorness as subcontractors of major companies, comparing to major companies. This study explains that the difference between managers and workers are existing about safety awareness and knowledge. And, we confirmed that the educational factor led by deficiency of safety awareness and knowledge was the major factor.