• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 에너지소산률을 활용하여 구조물의 건전도를 실시간 상에서 모니터링하는 기법을 제시하였다. 실시간 모니터링에 적합하도록 계측은 자연가진기법(NExT)이 채택되었고, 동적 분석을 위해서는 고유계 구현기법(ERA)이 채택되어 실시간 데이터의 분석이 가능하도록 하였다. 이들 데이터로부터 계산된 구조물의 댐핑과 고유치만을 사용하여 에너지소산률을 계산하고, 이들 값으로부터 구조물의 손상도를 평가하는 알고리즘(에너지소산법)을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 에너지소산법은 기존의 방법(고유치변화법과 모드변화법(MAC))과 비교하여 유용성이 입증되었다. 특히 에너지소산법은 실시간 모니터링에 중요한 계측시간과 데이터의 량을 줄일 수 있었고, 자연가진을 이용하여 전체적인 구조물의 거동을 파악하기에 용이하였으며 구조물의 손상 유무를 판단하는 효과적 기법으로 입증되었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2009

현재까지 구조건전성 모니터링과 관련하여 제안된 대부분의 손상인식기법은 모달영역응답을 이용하고 있으나, 모달영역응답은 별도의 후처리가 필요하며 추출과정에서 오차를 포함하게 되므로 손상인식의 정확성을 저하시키는 요인이 되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 이동하중응답을 직접 이용하는 손상인식기법의 적용성을 실내 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 실험은 강재로 만든 보에 이동하중을 재하시켜 수행하였으며, 보의 응답은 변위계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 이동하중은 쇠구슬과 활강장치를 이용하여 모사하였으며, 주기성과 비주기성 이동하중으로 구분하여 재하하였다. 계측된 응답을 이용한 손상인식 결과, 이동하중을 이용한 손상인식기법은 구조물의 손상을 성공적으로 탐지하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.613-637
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• 2017

The development systems for the Structural Health Monitoring has attracted considerable interest from several engineering fields during the last decades and more specifically in the aerospace one. In fact, the introduction of those systems could allow the transition of the maintenance strategy from a scheduled basis to a condition-based approach providing cost benefits for the companies. The research presented in this paper consists of a definition and next comparison of four methods applied to numerical measurements for the extraction of damage features. The first method is based on the determination of the Structural Intensity field at the on-resonance condition in order to acquire information about the dissipation of vibrational energy throughout the structure. The Damage Quantification Indicator and the Average Integrated Global Amplitude Criterion methods need the evaluation of the Frequency Response Function for a healthy plate and a damaged one. The main difference between these two parameters is their mathematical definition and therefore the accuracy of the scalar values provided as output. The fourth and last method is based on the Mode-shape Curvature, a FRF-based technique which requires the application of particular finite-difference schemes for the derivation of the curvature of the plate. All the methods have been assessed for several damage conditions (the shape, the extension and the intensity of the damage) on two test plates: an isotropic (steel) plate and a 4-plies composite plate.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2008

The objective of the study is to construct a sensor fusion system for tool-condition monitoring (TCM) that will lead to a more efficient and economical drill usage. Drill-wear monitoring has an important attribute in the automatic machining processes as it can help preventing the damage of tools and workpieces, and optimizing the drill usage. In this study, we present the architectures of a multi-layer feed-forward neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm based on sensor fusion for the monitoring of drill-wear condition. The input features to the neural networks were extracted from AE, vibration and current signals using the wavelet packet transform (WPT) analysis. Training and testing were performed at a moderate range of cutting conditions in the dry drilling of steel plates. The results show good performance in drill- wear monitoring by the proposed method of sensor fusion and neural network analysis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.661-673
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• 2010

This paper presents recent developments in an extremely compact, wireless impedance sensor node (the WID3, $\underline{W}$ireless $\underline{I}$mpedance $\underline{D}$evice) for use in high-frequency impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM), sensor diagnostics and validation, and low-frequency (< ~1 kHz) vibration data acquisition. The WID3 is equipped with an impedance chip that can resolve measurements up to 100 kHz, a frequency range ideal for many SHM applications. An integrated set of multiplexers allows the end user to monitor seven piezoelectric sensors from a single sensor node. The WID3 combines on-board processing using a microcontroller, data storage using flash memory, wireless communications capabilities, and a series of internal and external triggering options into a single package to realize a truly comprehensive, self-contained wireless active-sensor node for SHM applications. Furthermore, we recently extended the capability of this device by implementing low-frequency analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters so that the same device can measure structural vibration data. The compact sensor node collects relatively low-frequency acceleration measurements to estimate natural frequencies and operational deflection shapes, as well as relatively high-frequency impedance measurements to detect structural damage. Experimental results with application to SHM, sensor diagnostics and low-frequency vibration data acquisition are presented.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.549-555
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• 2003

The objective of かis study is to investigate the feasibility of piezoelectric transducers as a damage detection system for civil infrastructures. There have been considerable amount of efforts by the modal analysis community to localize damage and evaluate its severity without looking at a reliable way to excite the structure. The detection of damages by modal analysis and similar vibration techniques depends upon the knowledge and estimation of various modal parameters. In addition to the associated difficulties, such low-frequency dynamic response based techniques fail to detect incipient damages. Smart piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) transducers which act as both actuators and sensors in a self-analyzing manner are emerging to be effective in non-parametric health monitoring of structural systems. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study for the detection of damages using smart PZT transducers on the steel plate. The method of extracting the impedance characteristics of the PZT transducer, which is electro-mechanically coupled to the host structure, is adopted for damage detection. Two damages are simulated and assessed by the bonded PZT transducers for characterization. The experimental results verified the efficacy of the proposed approach and provided a demonstration of good robustness at the realistic steel structures, emphasizing the great potential for developing an automated in situ structural health monitoring system for application to large civil infrastructures without the need to blow the modal parameters.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.779-788
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• 2017

System identification and damage detection for structural health monitoring have received considerable attention. Various time domain analysis methodologies based on measured vibration data of structures have been proposed. Among them, recursive least-squares estimation of structural parameters which is also known as parametric Kalman filter (PKF) approach has been studied. However, the conventional PKF requires that all the external excitations (inputs) be available. On the other hand, structural uncertainties are inevitable for civil infrastructures, it is necessary to develop approaches for probabilistic damage detection of structures. In this paper, a parametric Kalman filter with unknown inputs (PKF-UI) is proposed for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and the unmeasured external inputs. Analytical recursive formulations of the proposed PKF-UI are derived based on the conventional PKF. Two scenarios of linear observation equations and nonlinear observation equations are discussed, respectively. Such a straightforward derivation of PKF-UI is not available in the literature. Then, the proposed PKF-UI is utilized for probabilistic damage detection of structures by considering the uncertainties of structural parameters. Structural damage index and the damage probability are derived from the statistical values of the identified structural parameters of intact and damaged structure. Some numerical examples are used to validate the proposed method.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-114
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• 2016

In this paper, recent research trends and activities on structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure in Korea are reviewed. Recently, there has been increasing need for adopting smart sensing technologies to SHM, so this review focuses on smart sensing, monitoring, and assessment for civil infrastructure. Firstly, the research activities on smart sensor technology is reviewed including optical fiber sensors, piezoelectric sensors, wireless smart sensors, and vision-based sensing system. Then, a brief overview is given to the recent advances in smart monitoring and assessment techniques such as vibration-based global monitoring techniques, local monitoring with piezoelectric materials, decentralized monitoring techniques for wireless sensors, wireless power supply and energy harvest. Finally, recent joint SHM activities on several test beds in Korea are discussed to share the up-to-date information and to promote the smart sensors and monitoring technologies for applications to civil infrastructure. It includes a Korea-US joint research on test bridges of the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC), a Korea-US-Japan joint research on Jindo cable-stayed bridge, and a comparative study for cable tension measurement techniques on Hwamyung cable-stayed bridge, and a campaign test for displacement measurement techniques on Sorok suspension bridge.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.3085-3099
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• 2021

Investigations of large commercial aircraft impact effect on nuclear power plant (NPP) buildings have been drawing extensive attentions, particularly after the 9/11 event, and this paper aims to numerically assess the damage and vibrations of NPP buildings subjected to aircrafts crash. In Part I of present paper, two shots of reduce-scaled model test of aircraft impact on NPP were conducted based on the large rocket sled loading test platform. In the present part, the numerical simulations of both scaled and prototype aircraft impact on NPP buildings are further performed by adopting the commercial program LS-DYNA. Firstly, the refined finite element (FE) models of both scaled aircraft and NPP models in Part I are established, and the model impact test is numerically simulated. The validities of the adopted numerical algorithm, constitutive model and the corresponding parameters are verified based on the experimental NPP model damages and accelerations. Then, the refined simulations of prototype A380 aircraft impact on a hypothetical NPP building are further carried out. It indicates that the NPP building can totally withstand the impact of A380 at a velocity of 150 m/s, while the accompanied intensive vibrations may still lead to different levels of damage on the nuclear related equipment. Referring to the guideline NEI07-13, a maximum acceleration contour is plotted and the shock damage propagation distances under aircraft impact are assessed, which indicates that the nuclear equipment located within 11.5 m from the impact point may endure malfunction. Finally, by respectively considering the rigid and deformable impacts mainly induced by aircraft engine and fuselage, an improved Riera function is proposed to predict the impact force of aircraft A380.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.860-863
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• 2005

This work presents a study on development of a practical and quantitative technique for assessment of the structural health condition by PZT impedance-based technique associated with longitudinal wave propagation. The bolt fastening condition is adjusted by torque wrench In order to estimate the damage condition numerically, we suggest the evaluation method of impedance peak frequency shift $\Delta$F in this paper.