• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2019

Cracks are an important distress of concrete bridges, and may reduce the life and safety of bridges. However, the traditional manual crack detection means highly depend on the experience of inspectors. Furthermore, it is time-consuming, expensive, and often unsafe when inaccessible position of bridge is to be assessed, such as viaduct pier. To solve this question, the real-time automatic crack detecting system with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) become a choice. This paper designs a new automatic detection system based on real-time comprehensive image processing for bridge crack. It has small size, light weight, low power consumption and can be carried on a small UAV for real-time data acquisition and processing. The real-time comprehensive image processing algorithm used in this detection system combines the advantage of connected domain area, shape extremum, morphology and support vector data description (SVDD). The performance and validity of the proposed algorithm and system are verified. Compared with other detection method, the proposed system can effectively detect cracks with high detection accuracy and high speed. The designed system in this paper is suitable for practical engineering applications.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권8호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 다중 안테나를 사용한 고속철도 환경의 경로 손실 모델을 제안 하였다. 기본적으로 고속 철도의 모든 특성들 사이에서, 경로 손실(path loss)는 고속 철도 통신 시스템의 설계에서 매우 중요하다. 현재까지 진행되어진 연구 중 대다수는 경로 손실 모델은 송신단과 수신단 사이이의 지리적 환경을 고려한 모델은 많았지만 다중 안테나를 사용한 시스템과 Doppler effect를 고려한 환경에서의 연구는 상대적으로 적게 고려되어 왔다. Doppler shift에 평균 residuals고려하는 모델링을 위해 사용되는 조정된 자유 공간 손실 모델(tuned free-space path loss model)은 최대 이동 속도가 340km인 ZhengZhou - Xi'an 간 전용선에서의 측정값을 활용하고 다중 안테나의 평균 residuals은 MRC 기법을 사용했을 시의 이론적 계산값을 다이버시티 이득을 활용한다. 통신 시스템상의 두 가지 요인으로 발생하는 평균 residuals을 추정하여 제안하는 모델은 다중 안테나를 사용한 시스템에서 수신 신호의 손실을 예측한다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호통권32호
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• pp.431-440
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 교량 단면 내의 시간 종속적 온도 분포를 결정하기 위해, 기존의 열 전달 이론 및 태양 에너지 전달에 대한 이론을 바탕으로 기상관측소 및 현장에서 측정한 기상 자료로부터 교량 온도의 예측에 관한 이론적 모델에 대해 기술하였다. 특히 이 모텔에서는 주간에 교량의 온도 상승에 지배적인 영향을 미치는 태양일사(solar radiation)에 대해 태양 에너지 관련 분야의 여러 실험적 연구 결과를 바탕으로 태양일사량의 계산에 대해 기존에 연구되어 있는 식들 중에서 가장 적합한 식을 제시하였다. 이 해석 모델의 타당성은 사당 고가차도의 장기 계측된 온도 측정 결과와 비교 검토되었다. 또한 장기간 측정된 온도 결과로부터 교량 온도 예측에 대한 해석적 기준(analytical criteria)을 제시하기 위해, 교량의 축 방향 신축의 원인이 되는 단면평균온도, 그리고 곡률 변형을 유발하는 단면온도차 등 교량 단면의 온도 분포와 관련된 변수들과 대기온도, 일사량 등 기상 자료와 관련된 변수들 간의 선형 상관관계(linear correlation)에 대해 기술하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.89-101
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• 2006

This study is a part of ???A study of the community noise:new guideline and policy' which have three main topics and ten sub-topics. Accordingly this part deals with a transpotation noise specifying road traffic ,railroad and aircraft noise, respectively. At first, the ,roadside traffic noise of whole country in 2004 ,22 major cities of total 29 was exceeded the envionmetal noise standards, 55dB(A) at night time ,therefore 24 milion people ,52.4% of korean, who reside at roadside estimates to be exposured the basic problems of this serious noise polluation comes from:: i)It's very limited noise mitigation measures against to continuously increase the number of automobile yearly. ii) and at beginning of road design, It has been neglect to introduce the anti-noise design and layout of road structural scheme as gadient,cutting and viaduct,embankment and zonning of roadside land-buffer area and also re-designation of noise sensitive areas,etc. Secondly ,concerned with the railroad trafffic noise, a inhabitants who are over the envionmetal noise limits,70dB(A), 65 dB(A) in day and night for 34 locations of mayor cities was exposured of 167,000 and 329,000 respectively. With the development of noise mitigation schemes in line with this study it is likely that noise monitoring system needs new installation as well as common use of noise assessment index with $L_{MAX}\;and\;L_{EQ}$. Lastly,noise complaints of millitary aircraft has been rapidly increasing ,so 2.9%(1.4 minion) person demands a compansation of \2,133 billion complying with their requirements we suggest to minimise the airport noise that is to develop of noise abatement procedure ,to make new noise index, to increase budget for house insulations and also to more increase of those the noise monitoring system and to unify the management etc.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.653-677
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• 2005

Concrete filled steel tubular columns (CFT) are widely used in civil engineering works, especially in large scale of works because of high strength, deformation, toughness and so on. On the other hand, as a kind of strengthening measure for seriously damaged reinforced concrete piers of viaduct in Hansin-Awaji earthquake of Japan in 1995, reinforced concrete piers were wrapped with steel plate. Then, a new kind of structure appeared, that is, reinforced concrete filled steel tubular column (RCFT). In this paper, compression test and bending-shearing test on RCFT are carried out. The main parameters of experiments are (1) strength of concrete, (2) steel tube with or without rib, (3) width-thickness ratio and (4) arrangement of reinforcing bars. According to the experimental results, the effect of parameters on mechanical characteristics of RCFT is analyzed clearly. At the same time, strength evaluation formula for RCFT column is proposed and tested by experimental results and existed recommendations (AIJ 1997). The strength calculated by the proposal formula is in good agreement with test result. As a result, the proposed evaluation formula can evaluate the strength of RCFT column properly.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2020

Investigating damage potential of the railway infrastructure requires either large amount of case histories or in-depth numerical analyses, or both for which large amounts of effort and time are necessary to accomplish thoroughly. Rather than performing comprehensive studies for each damage case, in this study we collect and analyze a case history of the high-speed railway system damaged by the 2004 M6.6 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake for the development of the seismic fragility curve. The development processes are: 1) slice the railway system as 200 m segments and assigned damage levels and intensity measures (IMs) to each segment; 2) calculate probability of damage for a given IM; 3) estimate fragility curves using the maximum likelihood estimation regression method. Among IMs considered for fragility curves, spectral acceleration at 3 second period has the most prediction power for the probability of damage occurrence. Also, viaduct-type structure provides less scattered probability data points resulting in the best-fitted fragility curve, but for the tunnel-type structure data are poorly scattered for which fragility curve fitted is not meaningful. For validation purpose fragility curves developed are applied to the 2016 M7.0 Kumamoto earthquake case history by which another high-speed railway system was damaged. The number of actual damaged segments by the 2016 event is 25, and the number of equivalent damaged segments predicted using fragility curve is 22.21. Both numbers are very similar indicating that the developed fragility curve fits well to the Kumamoto region. Comparing with railway fragility curves from HAZUS, we found that HAZUS fragility curves are more conservative.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2015

The use of fragility curves in the design of bridges is becoming common these days. In this study, experimental data have been used to develop fragility curves for the potential of girder unseating of a three-segment bridge and a bridge-abutment system including the influence of spatially varying ground motions, pounding, and abutment movement. The ground excitations were simulated based on the design spectra for different soil conditions. The Newmarket Viaduct replacement bridge in Auckland was used as the prototype bridge. These fragility curves were also applied to the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes. The study showed that for bridges with similar characteristics as the chosen prototype and with similar fundamental frequencies, pounding could increase the probability of girder unseating by up to 35% and 30% based on the AASHTO and NZTA seating length requirements, respectively. The assumption of uniform ground excitations in many design practices, such as the NZTA requirements, could potentially be disastrous as girders might have a very good chance of unseating (as much as 53% higher chances when considering spatial variation of ground motions) even when they are designed not to. In the case of superstructures with dissimilar frequencies, the assumption of fixed abutments could significantly overestimate the girder unseating potential when pounding was ignored and underestimate the chances when pounding was considered. Bridges subjected to spatially varying ground excitations simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil conditions with weak correlation shows the highest chances of girders falling off, of up to 65% greater than for shallow soil excitations.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2021

Pile foundation is a typical form of bridge foundation and viaduct, and large-diameter rock-socketed piles are typically adopted in bridges with long span or high piers. To investigate the effect of a mountain slope with a deep overburden layer on the bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed piles, four centrifuge model tests of single piles on different slopes (0°, 15°, 30° and 45°) were carried out to investigate the effect of slope on the bearing characteristics of piles. In addition, three pile group tests with different slope (0°, 30° and 45°) were also performed to explore the effect of slope on the bearing characteristics of the pile group. The results of the single pile tests indicate that the slope with a deep overburden layer not only accelerates the drag force of the pile with the increasing slope, but also causes the bending moment to move down owing to the increase in the unsymmetrical pressure around the pile. As the slope increases from 0° to 45°, the drag force of the pile is significantly enlarged and the axial force of the pile reduces to beyond 12%. The position of the maximum bending moment of the pile shifts downward, while the magnitude becomes larger. Meanwhile, the slope results in the reduction in the shaft resistance of the pile, and the maximum value at the front side of the pile is 3.98% less than at its rear side at a 45° slope. The load-sharing ratio of the tip resistance of the pile is increased from 5.49% to 12.02%. The results of the pile group tests show that the increase in the slope enhances the uneven distribution of the pile top reaction and yields a larger bending moment and different settlements on the pile cap, which might cause safety issues to bridge structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권4호
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• pp.507-518
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• 2020

With the rapid development of rail transit, rail transit noise needs to be paid more and more attention. In order to accurately and effectively analyze the characteristics of low-frequency noise, a prediction model of vibration of box girder was established based on the hybrid FE-SEA method. When the train speed is 140 km/h, 200 km/h and 250 km/h, the vibration and noise of the box girder induced by the vertical wheel-rail interaction in the frequency range of 20-500 Hz are analyzed. Detailed analysis of the energy level, sound pressure contribution, modal analysis and vibration loss power of each slab at the operating speed of 140 km /h. The results show that: (1) When the train runs at a speed of 140km/h, the roof contributes more to the sound pressure at the far sound field point. Analyzing the frequency range from 20 to 500 Hz: The top plate plays a very important role in controlling sound pressure, contributing up to 70% of the sound pressure at peak frequencies. (2) When the train is traveling at various speeds, the maximum amplitude of structural vibration and noise generated by the viaduct occurs at 50 Hz. The vibration acceleration of the box beam at the far field point and near field point is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 31.5-100 Hz, which is consistent with the dominant frequency band of wheel-rail force. Therefore, the main frequency of reducing the vibration and noise of the box beam is 31.5-100 Hz. (3) The vibration energy level and sound pressure level of the box bridge at different speeds are basically the same. The laws of vibration energy and sound pressure follow the rules below: web

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

자갈궤도에서 레일과 침목을 연결하는 체결장치의 레일패드 강성이 증가함에 따라 윤중이 증가하고 궤도틀림진전이 증가되어 궤도유지보수비가 증가하게 된다. 반면에 레일패드강성이 감소하면 차량운행에 따른 전력소모비가 증가하게 된다. 따라서 자갈궤도 설계 시에 차량과 궤도 및 운영조건을 고려하여 궤도유지보수비와 전력소모비를 가급적 작게 할 수 있는 적정 레일패드강성을 결정하는 것은 철도 경제성 확보차원에서 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 $L{\acute{o}}pez$ Pita 등이 제시한 자갈궤도에서의 최적레일패드 강성을 평가하는 프로세서를 기초로 적정 레일패드강성 범위를 구하였다. 연구결과에 중요한 영향을 주는 레일패드강성에 따른 윤중변화를 보다 정확하게 평가하기 위하여 궤도구성품의 거동특성을 보다 상세하게 고려할 수 있는 고도화된 수치해석적 기법을 사용하여 평가하였다. 또한 국내에서의 차량, 궤도 운영조건을 고려함으로써 국내에서 궤도설계에 적용할 수 있는 적정 레일패드강성 범위를 도출하였다.