• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.373-379
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• 2009

5-Hydroxyuridine (5-OHU) is a major lesion of uridine and cytosine produced in RNA by various chemical oxidants. To elucidate its biochemical and biophysical effects on RNA replication, the site-specifically modified oligoribonucleotides containing 5-OHU were synthesized with C5-hydroxy-5'-ODMTr-2'-TBDMS-uridine phosphoramidite using automated solid phase synthesis. The base-pairing properties of nucleotides opposite 5-OHU in 24 mer oligoribonulcleotides with dNTP were studied using three reverse transcriptases (Super-$Script^{TM}II$-, AMV-, MMLV-RT) in cDNA synthesis. Adenine as well as guanine was incorporated preferentially by all reverse transcriptases. In the UV-melting temperature experiment, the results from the relative stabilities of the base pairs were A : 5-OHU > G : 5-OHU > T : 5-OHU $\approx$ C : 5-OHU. Circular Dichroism (CD) studies showed that DNA-RNA containing 5- OHU heteroduplexes exhibit a similar conformation between the A-type RNA and B-type DNA. These results suggest that 5- OHU from oxidative damage was mainly influenced by adenine mismatch.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1983

The authors carried out bovine mastitis test by California Mastitis test (CMT) for the milk from dairy cows in the suburbs of Daejeon. Among the CMT positive milk, Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and, for the proper selection of the commercial antibacterial agents, the strains were tested for the resistant test to the agents. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The resistant test appeared graduate resistance is in such cases continuously repeat with the therapeutic antibacterial agents. 2. The result of resistant test appeared the weakly resistance, untill 4 times subculture in the Rifamastene, Neo-cillin, and 6 times in the Abimasten-100, Neo-masti, Special formular and mastalone. 3. In Tardomycel-L there was rare resistant reactions, untill 6 times subculture. 4. The author recommend that select the antibacterial agents by resistant test and use the selective agents in turn.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5703-5707
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• 2015

Background: Medicinal plants, especially examples rich in polyphenolic compounds, have been suggested to be chemopreventive on account of their antioxidative properties. Melissa officinalis L. (MO), an aromatic and medicinal plant, is well known in thios context. However, toxicity against cancer cells has not been fully studied. Here, we investigated the selective anticancer effects of an MO extract (MOE) in different human cancer cells. Materials and Methods: a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO was prepared and total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. MTT assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity of different doses of MOE (0, 5, 20, 100, 250, 500, $1000{\mu}g/ml$) towards A549 (lung non small cell cancer cells), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cells), and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) cells. Results: Significant (P<0.01) or very significant (P<0.0001) differences were observed in comparison to negative controls at all tested doses ($5-1000{\mu}g/ml$). In all cancer cells, MOE reduced the cell viability to values below 33%, even at the lowest doses. In all cases, $IC_{50}$ values were below $5{\mu}g/ml$. The mean growth inhibition was 73.1%, 86.7%, 79.9% and 77.8% in SKOV3, MCF-7 and PC-3 and A549 cells, respectively. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO possess a high potency to inhibit proliferation of different tumor cells in a dose independent manner, suggesting that an optimal biological dose is more important than a maximally tolerated one. Moreover, the antiprolifreative effect of MO seems to be tumor type specific, as hormone dependant cancers were more sensitive to antitumoral effects of MOE.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Acetaminophen (AP) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. AP-induced hepatotoxicity is a common consequence of AP overdose and may lead to acute liver failure. In this study, we investigated the liver damage in mice using single dose (300 mg/kg) of AP and the possible protective effects of administration (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of Joo-Juk on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were determined in the plasma of mice. The effect of Joo-Juk on lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and some antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase ($\sigma$-ALA-D) activities, and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated in the mouse liver homogenate. AP caused liver damage as evident by statistically significant increased in plasma activities of AST and ALT. There were statistically significant losses in the activities of SOD, catalase, $\sigma$-ALA-D, and GPx and an increase in TBARS in the liver of AP-treated group compared with the control group. However, Joo-Juk was able to counteract these effects. These results suggest that Joo-juk can act as hepato-protectant against AP toxicity and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.366-370
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• 2004

One hundred and sixty day-old Hainan chicks were randomly allotted into eight pens to investigate the effect of different dietary concentrations of chromium (Cr) in the form of chromium chloride, and different dosages of florfenicol on humoral immune responses by determining antibody titers to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines using the hemagglutination inhibition test. The results indicated that ND antibody titers were significantly higher in chicks receiving Cr at low (5 mg/kg feed) and middle (10 mg/kg feed) dose compared with the control (p<0.01). However, ND antibody titers were significantly decreased in chicks receiving Cr at a high dosage of 500 mg/kg feed (p<0.01), though the ND antibody titers of the early days (d 21 and d 28 of age) were higher than that of the control group. It is suggested that excessive Cr intake has detrimental effects on ND antibody production in chicks. No significantly lower response was measured in chicks that received florfenicol at a low dosage of 50 mg/kg feed (p>0.05), but the ND antibody titers were significantly decreased in chicks receiving 200 and 400 mg/kg feed of the drug (p<0.01). The ND antibody titers of group receiving 200 mg/kg feed of florfenicol plus 10 mg/kg Cr were slightly higher than that of the group receiving single florfenicol of 200 mg/kg although, no significant differences were observed between these two treatments. It is suggested that the humoral immune response impaired by florfenicol (200 mg/kg feed) could not be significantly reversed by Cr (10 mg/kg feed).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.507-516
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• 1994

The purposes of this investigations were survey of the occurred bacterial diseases, development of new animal health drug, guidance to formers on the treatment and control methods of diseases. Some series of investigations have been carried out by microbiological, pathological and serological examinations. The results could be summarized as follows. 1. A total of 953 cases of outbreaked swine diseases have been diagnosed in Clinical pathology laboratories, Bayer Vet Res Institute during 8 years (from 1986 to 1993). The high incidence diseases were colibacillosis, pleuropneumonia, streptococcal infection and pasteurellosis in decreasing order. 2. Pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was the most important respiratory diseases and pasteurellosis by Pasteurella multocide could be confirmed in several cases. 3. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 50 strains were isolated and identified by biochemical and serological tests. In serotyping test, 22 isolated strains were serotype 5, 21 strains as serotype 2, each 2 strains as serotype 3 and 7 by the coagglutination test. 4. Colibacillosis and edema discase caused by Escherichia coli has been the most predominant outbreaked disease in this investigations. The 100 isolates of E coli strains were sensitive to amikacin, colistin, enrofloxacin, gentamycin and trimethoprim -sulfamethoxazole. 5. Swine erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was confirmed 25 cases as acute septicemic forms. Isolates of E rhusiopathiae were highly sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, enrofloxcin, penicillin and tetracycline. 6. The 49 cases of hemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis in piglets were observed and 13 strains of Clostridium perfringens could be isolated and confirmed by biological and serological test. Isolates of Clostridium perfringens type C were highly sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, penicillin and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. 7. The 14 strains of Streptococcus suis type II could be isolated from meningitis of piplets. 8. Polyserositis caused by Haemophilus parasuis and salmonellosis were observed and confirmed. Also Corynebacterial infections and several parasitosis have been also observed in this investigations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea catechins from green tea leaves, on activities of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and thromboxane synthase (TXAS), thromboxane $A_2$ ($TXA_2$) production associated microsomal enzymes. EGCG inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9%, and TXAS activity to 20% in platelet microsomal fraction having cytochrome c reductase (an endoplasmic reticulum marker enzyme) activity and expressing COX-1 (70 kDa) and TXAS (58 kDa) proteins. The inhibitory ratio of COX-1 to TXAS by EGCG was 4.8. These results mean that EGCG has a stronger selectivity in COX-1 inhibition than TXAS inhibition. In special, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug aspirin, a COX-1 inhibitor, inhibited COX-1 activity by 11.3% at the same concentration ($50{\mu}M$) as EGCG that inhibited COX-1 activity to 96.9% as compared with that of control. This suggests that EGCG has a stronger effect than that of aspirin on inhibition of COX-1 activity. Accordingly, we demonstrate that EGCG might be used as a crucial tool for a strong negative regulator of COX-1/$TXA_2$ signaling pathway to inhibit thrombotic disease-associated platelet aggregation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2008

This study compared the pregnancy rates of Korean native donor cattle after either a timed artificial insemination (TAI) or embryo transfer (TET) following the synchronization of ovulation using a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device together with estradiol benzoate (EB) and prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$). Fifty five cows and 8 heifers which had been previously used for embryo production were assigned to two treatments: (1) Thirty-two cattle received a CIDR device and 2 mg EB (Day 0), 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and 1 mg EB injection on Day 8. All of the cattle received a TAI 30 h (Day 9) after the second EB injection (TAI group). (2) Thirty-one cattle received the same hormonal treatments as in the TAI group. The cattle with corpus luteum (CL) received a TET on Day 16 using frozen-thawed embryos (TET group). Ultrasonographic observations demonstrated that the proportion of cattle with synchronized ovulation on Day 10 and the concomitant formation of new CL on Day 13 did not differ between groups (p>0.05); the overall mean rates were 65.1 and 73.0%, respectively. The conception and pregnancy rates did not differ (p>0.05) between the TAI (12.5% and 12.5%) and TET groups (13.0% and 9.7%), respectively. We conclude that the pregnancy rate following TAI or TET in Korean native donor cattle was poor, which might be due in part to a poor synchrony of ovulation and concomitant CL formation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-465
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in Kyungbuk area for the 3 years from 1966 to 1998. Collective milk samples were routinely screened to detect positive farms by using the milk ring test(MRT), and serum agglutination test was performed to detect sero-positive individuals in the MRT positive farms. Attempt were made to isolate the causative organismas from slaughtered sero-positive reactors and some biochemical and polymerase chain reation characters of the isolates were also made to identify the organisms. Seroprevalence to brucellosis in peoples who are close contact with infected dairy herds was also investigated. Brucellosis of dairy cattle was rare before 1997, but has been broken more frequently since early 1998. By the MRT for dairy herds, positive rate was gradually increased every year : 0.6% in 1996, 1.5% in 1997, 3.9% in 1998. Among 262 MRT-positive herds, only 21 herds(8.0%) showed positive brucellosis in serological test. The isolation rates of Brucella sp from tested materials were 51.2% in supramammary glands, 39.5% in milks, and 50.0% in pulmonary Iymphnode, respectively. Isolated strain and biotype were Brucella(B) arbortus biotype 1 in 26 heads, and were B suis biotype 1 in 2 heads. Isolated strain and vaccine strain were very similar in their colony morphology and staining. In drug susceptibility, isolated stains(B abortus) and vaccine strain(B abortus RB-51) were sensitive to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, and to tetracycline, but resistant to erythromycin. In the PCR, field strains reacted to BA and IS711 primers, and vaccine strain reacted to BA, IS711, and RB5l primers. In the plate agglutination test of 96 sera of human contacted with animals, serum antibody titer detected 1 : 100 in one person, 1 : 200 in one, and below 1 : 25 in the others.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1980

Total of 11 strains of Ldctobacillus isolated from lactobacillus-fermented milk and-beverage in March 1980 were examined for susceptibility to 8 drugs, and transferability and transfer frequency of R plasmids by conjugation. Of 11 isolates each 2 strains were classified as L. cellobiosus and L. helveticus, each 1 strain as L. plantarum, L. lactis, L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii, L. casei subsp. casei, L. casei subsp, tolerans and L. salivarius subsp, salivarius by Bergey's manual. Resistance was the most active to na lidixic acid(NA), followed in decreasing order by chloramphenicol(CP), ampicillin(AP), kanamycin(KM) and streptomycin(SM). All of isolates were resistant to NA, each 10 strains to CP and AP, 7strains to KM and 6 strains to SM, indicating all of the isolates were resistant to two or more drugs in combination. No strain was resistant to erythromycin(EM), penicillin(PC) and tetracycline(TC). The most frequently encountered resistant patterns were CP NA AP SM KM, followed by CP NA AP KM, NA AP, CP NA, CP NA AP and CP NA AP SM in order. Transfer experiment of drug resistance showed that of 11 resistant strains, 9 strains transferred parts of their resistance to AP or AP CP or SM AP, indicating 9 strains carried R plasmids determining R(AP), R(AP CP) and R(SM AP). The conjugal frequency of R(AP) from Lactobacillus to E. coli ranged from 2.5{\times}10^{-1} to $5.6{\times}10^{-4}%$, that of R(CP) ranged from 5.0{\times}10^{-1} to 5.0{\times}10^{-3}% and that of R(SM) ranged from 6.0{\times}10^{-5} to 1.4{\times}10^{-5}%, at $37^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours of incubation.