• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

This paper analyses the dynamic causal relationship between vessel export and economic growth using annual data over the period from 1977 to 2006. Tests for ADF unit-roots, the dynamic vector using Johansen's multiple cointegration procedure, dynamic vector error correction model and impulse response function are presented. The findings of the Granger test suggest that vessel export Granger-causes economic growth in the short-run and economic growth Granger-causes exports in the short and long-run. The empirical results of impulse-response analysis show that the vessel export to a shock in real GDP responds positively and the real GDP responds positively to the shocks in vessel export. Also, the results indicate that the impact of vessel export shock on the real GDP is short-lived.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-296
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine ways of ensuring the efficiency and stability of import-export logistics in our country by introducing an advance presentation system of vessel manifest. This advance presentation system of vessel manifest has already been introduced in the United States, the EU and China whom our country has actively traded with, and the reinforcement of logistics security is a global trend. Under the circumstances, the introduction of the advance presentation system of vessel manifest is required to assist exporters to properly respond to changing trade practices as early as possible, and it's also necessary to exercise stricter control over an import criminal cargo. Our country should urgently introduce the advance presentation system of vessel manifest that is up to global standard, and the establishment of an internet based manifest consolidation and presentation system and the introduction of an export inspection system of port of loading are requested as well. If all the systems are introduced and work properly, that will make a great contribution to the efficiency of import-export logistics in our country.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.155-183
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to analyze competition status of Korean and Chinese vessels in the EU market. To achieve this purpose, this study uses Market Share Index, Export Bias Index, Trade Specialization Index, Export Similarity Index, and Market Share Expansion Ratio-Export Similarity Deepening Ratio as analyzing method. The statistical data used in this study are obtained from the trade statistics for 5 years(2005-2009) produced by Korean International Trade Association. The results of this study show that Korean ships are less competitive than Chinese ones in the EU export market in that Korea does not export various kinds of ships but export some restricted kinds of vessels even in the competitive ship, implying that Korea has been gradually losing its competitiveness. These results suggest that Korea should improve the competitiveness of shipbuilding industry by pursuing such differentiated strategies as exporting high value-added vessels while keeping on maintaining Korea's dominance over its competitive ships to overcome China's competitive advantage in the EU region.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.329-346
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• 2000

The marine cargo insurance is mainly the insurance on foreign trade commodities. The sales contract stipulates as to which of the seller or the buyer should arrange the insurance. In other words, if the sales contract is made on the C.I.F. terms, the seller has to arrange the insurance, while, in the case of F.O.B. or C.F.R. terms, the buyer has to arrange it. The F.O.B. or C.F.R. terms means that the seller has to take out an insurance for himself until the cargo being loaded onboard the overseas vessel at the port of shipment in export country. But our country has not reasonable insurance to cover seller's risk, because it hasn't yet implemented the insurance. In respect of a cargo exported from Korea on F.O.B. or C.F.R. terms, the F.O.B. insurance covers comprehensively the inland transit and storage until the cargo being loaded onboard the overseas vessel at the port of shipment in Korea with a certain limitation of a insurance period. The goal of this study is to analyze the development propriety of F.O.B. Insurance. This could be done through analyzing the volume and analyzing the proportion of F.O.B. or C.F.R. terms for export. It is supposed that the potential demands of F.O.B. insurance are sufficient in our country for developing the F.O.B. insurance. At this point of time, the positive development of F.O.B. insurance for export is inevitable from the viewpoint of present situation of trading circles.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

APR1000(Advanced Power Reactor 1000) was developed to export 1000MW nuclear power plants by adding ADFs(Advanced Design Features) including 60 years design life, local frequency control operation, 0.3g SSE, etc. to OPR1000(Optimized Power Reactor 1000). In this paper, environmental fatigue analyses for the reactor vessel in APR1000 have been performed as per Reg. Guide 1.207. Outlet nozzle, which has a relatively high cumulative usage factor in the reactor vessel was evaluated and a structural integrity is maintained under the reactor coolant environment.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

Purpose - This research empirically proves that global shipbuilding industry leadership has moved to China from Korea. Design/Methodology - Competitiveness is measured by AHP for the weights of comprehensive competitiveness, which is the output mixture of three attributive factors: shipbuilding technology, shipbuilding contract price, and export credit. Findings - China is far ahead of Korea for standard vessels such as bulkers and containerships with competitiveness weights of 0.762 and 0.612, respectively, against 0.238 and 0.388 of Korea. Korea is maintaining its competitiveness only in LNG carriers (174k CBM) with a competitiveness weight 0.621. China and Korea have similar competitiveness for chemical carriers, complex vessels with a small hull size. The sources of Chinese competitiveness are shipbuilding contract price and export credit. With the majority share of standard vessel types in the world fleet, China will hold a bigger market share than Korea in the global shipbuilding industry in the forthcoming years. Implications - The swing factors of market power are shipbuilding technology and contract price. If China fails to further develop shipbuilding technology for shipowners worried about the reliability of the Chinese-built vessels, shipowners may swing back to Korea. The rising Chinese labor cost will expedite this swing in the forthcoming competition. Originality/value - To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper that quantitatively examines the competitiveness of shipbuilding between China and Korea by comparing attributive factors for competitiveness.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

Korean enoki mushrooms are exported to Southeast Asia and the United States, where there are complaints due to quality deterioration during the distribution process. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vacuum film packaging on quality maintenance in Korean enoki mushrooms during simulated vessel export to Vietnam using selected film, which was developed with vacuum packaging machine and oxygen absorber. We selected two MA film, one was 2-layerd 30 ㎛ CPP film (control) and the other was 3-layered 30 ㎛ CPP film (treatment) which is optimized film of higher gas and moisture permeability. The Korean enoki mushrooms were packaged with these two films using PAC-2000 or PAC-3000 vacuum packaging machine which was improved vacuuming of higher speed. Packed mushrooms were stored at 1℃ for 2 weeks and distributed at 20℃ for 2 days or 8℃ for 6 days. The efficiency of the film packaging was analyzed by vacuum maintaining index, and overall the quality characteristics such as off odor, color, cap cleavage, stem elongations and sensory evaluation were evaluated during storage and distribution. Results suggest that postharvest loss of fresh enoki mushroom could be reduced by packaging mushroom with 3-layered 30 ㎛ CPP films packaged using PAC-3000 machine during simulated vessel export to Vietnam due to vacuum maintaining. Oxygen absorber promoted off-odor at 20℃ distribution temperature, and did not affect storability at 1℃ storage compared to treated group without oxygen absorber treatment.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.72
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• pp.185-210
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• 2016

The climate change has become one of the most important global issues that require global responses. As one of the leading contributions to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and Ballast Water Management have attracted growing attention from the international community. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) received its mandate to regulate International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. The convention requires that every vessel must be equipped Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) in 2017. Based on this situation, this study aims to analyze the present state and data from the exports of BWMS(HS842121). The results show that as the most leading country in the field, Germany has the largest market share (14.33%), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index 1.76, and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) 0.636 in the world. The two other leading countries such as Denmark and Netherlands follows the ability of Germany. The Korean market share of HS842121 shows market share (5.98%) which is a bit bellow high compared to other countries. However the RCA index (1.85) presents the state of comparative advantage. In addition, Korea's TSI index (0.453) indicates that it is in the state of export specialization. The Korean BWMS and Shipbuilding industry maintain the state of export specialization. They are also in the state of import specialty. For Korea to raise its export competitiveness and to ensure shipbuilding competitiveness, it is necessary to intensify supporting systems and related policies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.157-179
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• 2020

This study presented the results of meta-analysis through topic modeling among the papers published in the Journal of the International Trade Association for the purpose of presenting academic research trends in the field of trade insurance and future research directions. Among the total 2,010 papers included in the Journal of the Korea International Trade Association, the analyzed paper covers the subject of trade-related insurance. According to detailed topics, 33 marine insurance (42.31%), 16 export insurance (20.51%), 11 hull insurance (14.10%), and 18 others (23.08%), and 4 other products liability insurance. According to the empirical analysis results, Topic 1 was classified as marine insurance, airworthiness, notice obligation, and collateral, and Topic 2 was derived as a representative topic for loading insurance, emergency risk, and immunity as export insurance. And Topic 3 was classified as vessel, sinking and container in relation to ship insurance, and Topic 4 was analyzed as an important topic such as manufacture and British marine insurance. Through the analysis results, we selected the representative topic used for the trade insurance topic and looked at the status of major research. Trade insurance is an area that requires the development of more theoretical and practical research subjects as an optimal risk management means in international trade transactions. To this end, first, support from the Korea International Trade Association is needed to establish a continuous research subject sharing system for the development of research subjects in the field of trade insurance. Second, academic journal operation management must be continuously managed in which academic research papers can be submitted and published.