• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2007

Marine casualties of fishing vessels were analyzed to reduce the sacrifice of human life using data of the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal from 1995 to 2004 in Korea. The occurred number of fishing vessel casualties were likely to be higher portion than non-fishing vessels, but the occurring ratio of fishing vessel casualties were marked 2.96 times lower than that of non-fishing vessel casualties. The occurring ratios of bigger fishing vessel casualties were higher than smaller ones. Most marine casualties were resulted from the human factors such as poor watchkeeping, negligent action for engine and etc. The trend of marine casualties showed that the machinery damage hold the first and collision accidents took the second, but on a point of cause of them, operating errors took first and poor handling or inspection of machinery held the second place. Because those two casualties took major portion, and very important problems for safety of fishing vessels, so we ought to try to reduce the factors before everything else. In addition, since collision, sinking and capsizing in marine casualties have led to death, missing and injury of lives, it is necessary for navigation operators to take more educations and training intended to reduce the marine casualties systematically and continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2013

Fishing vessels have been causing more than 70% of marine casualty in Korea. As a view of the occurring number of marine casualty, it is obvious for fishing vessel to account for the absolute high portion of that in comparison with the non-fishing vessels. That is a natural outcome because fishing vessels have occupied more than 90% of all registered Korean vessels. If we consider it not occurring number, but occurring ratio, we could find out that fishing vessels accounted for 5 times lower than non-fishing vessels in marine casualties. Nevertheless, fishing vessels have not immunity from responsibility for marine casualties at all, because the tendency of it in fishing vessel has been dominating the whole marine casualties in Korea. So for reduction of them, it is indispensable to decrease the casualties of fishing vessel. In this study, the authors tried to carry out many items of them to compare the occurring number with the occurring ratio, and dealt with the casualties of collision and machine damage in detail, because those have not only been occurring most frequently in casualties in Korea, but also led to the death and injury of lives. To reduce the collision and the machine damage, the operator have to keep the watch more strictly and check and keep the machine in good order. And it is necessary for the operator to take more education and training intended to decrease those systematically and continuously, especially for the crews of fishing vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2014

In this paper, we analysed vessel traffic volume and patterns of traffic flow for ships using areas where included wind farm site and adjacent waters of Daejeong Offshore Wind Farm, and estimated traffic volume by classified navigational routes according to suggestion of rational routeing measures on the basis of classified patterns after installation of offshore wind facilities. Also, we assessed vessel traffic safety for each designed routeing measures on the basis of estimated traffic volume and proposed requisite countermeasures for the safe navigation of ships. With a result of analysing patterns of traffic flow, the current traffic flow was classified by 8 patterns and the annual traffic volume was predicted to 8,975 ships. On the basis of these, expected the vessel traffic volume according to designed four routeing mesaures after installation of wind farm. As result of assessing vessel traffic safety by using powered-vessel collision model of SSPA on the basis of the estimated traffic volume, the value of collision probability was less than safe criteria $10^{-4}$. Thereby we made sure usability of the designed routeing measures for the safe navigation of ships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.62-63
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• 2009

A monitoring system of collision risk among multiple ships is newly-designed in order to reduce human error and make vessel traffic control more effective. By using AIS data as ships' navigational information, an estimation algorithm of collision risk among multiple ships is newly-designed. To consider ships' course of now and future, collision risks of multiple ships can be calculated by using fuzzy algorithm. To test the performance of new algorithm, replay simulations are carried out on actual AIS data collected from VTS center of Ulsan harbor in Korea. The AIS data include 25 ships' information for two hours. In this paper, the features of newly-designed estimation algorithm of collision risk and the results of replay simulation are discussed.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2024

In the 21st century, the rapid development of automation and artificial intelligence technologies is driving innovative changes in various industrial sectors. In the transportation industry, this is evident with the commercialization of autonomous vehicles. Moreover research into autonomous navigation technologies is actively underway in the aviation and maritime sectors. Consequently, for the practical implementation of autonomous ships, an effective collision avoidance algorithm has become a crucial element. Therefore, this study proposes a collision avoidance algorithm based on the Obstacle Zone by Target(OZT), which visually represents areas with a high likelihood of collisions with other ships or obstacles. The A-star algorithm was utilized to represent obstacles on a grid and assess collision risks. Subsequently, a collision avoidance algorithm was developed that performs fuzzy control based on calculated waypoints, allowing the vessel to return to its original course after avoiding the collision. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm was verified through collision avoidance simulations in various encounter scenarios.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2004

Author presented some study with a title of "automatic control for ship collision avoidance system" in previous papers. The paper reported the tread of the study, un-sloved issues and outcome of the study. In this paper, some additional results will be reported. The first is the algorithm of avoidance of group ship that is one of the un-sloved issues. The algorithm is useful when a ship takes an avoiding action toward group fish boats and approaching group merchant vessel. The second is unified model for calculating ship collision risk. The collision risk changes with various meet type of ships. Therefor newly-developed model is suggested to take into account of these situations. Finally simulation is carried out to verify suggested algorithm and model in various ship encounter situations..

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.143-149
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• 2006

This paper is primarily focused on the safe navigation between overtaking and overtaken vesselsin restricted waterways under the external forces, such as wind and current. The maneuvering simulation between two ships was conducted to find an appropriate safe speed and distance, which is required to avoid collision. From the viewpoint of marine safety, a greater transversedistance between two ships is more needed for the smaller vessel. Regardless of external forces, the smaller vessel will get a greater effect of hydrodynamic forces than the higher one. In the case of close navigation between ships under the forces of wind and current, the vessel moving at a lower speed is potentially hazardous because the rudder force of the lower speed vessel is not sufficient for steady-state course-keeping, compared to that of the higher speed vessel.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.2002-2009
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• 2006

This paper is primarily focused on the safe navigation between overtaking and overtaken vessels in restricted waterways under the external forces, such as wind and current. The maneuvering simulation between two ships was conducted to find an appropriate safe speed and distance, which is required to avoid collision. From the viewpoint of marine safety, a greater transverse distance between two ships is more needed for the smaller vessel. Regardless of external forces, the smaller vessel will get a greater effect of hydrodynamic forces than the bigger one. In the case of close navigation between ships under the forces of wind and current, the vessel moving at a lower speed is potentially hazardous because the rudder force of the lower speed vessel is not sufficient for steady-state course-keeping, compared to that of the higher speed vessel.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

On May 12th, 2007 a merchant vessel of Golden Rose (South Korea) sank into near 38 mile from Yentai in China after the vessel collided with a container vessel of Jinsung (China), leaving all 16 sailors, including seven South Koreans, missing. According to the official report. The Chinese vessel, authorities, and South Korean government did not coordination q rescue and salvage for the sailors and vessel properly as follows: 1) The Chinese vessel left the scene without rescue and salvage of the sailors, 2) Chinese authorities failed to comply with law of the sea that required them to report the collision to South Korea immediately after confirming the accident, and 3) The South Korean government is also being criticized for its slow response to the incident since the government did not set up a response team until 21 hours after the incident. In order to reduce this number of sailor missing in future incidents, this research is studied regarding assembling conferences, assigning SRR in ASEAN+3, simplicity to enter other territory waters and cooperative training and education for the SAR.