• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1099-1112
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia causes metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver syndrome due to abnormally high blood lipids. Purple perilla frutescens extract (PPE) possesses various bioactive compounds such as α-asarone, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid. This study examined whether PPE and α-asarone improved dyslipidemia-associated inflammation and inhibited atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice, an experimental animal model of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: ApoE-deficient mice were fed on high cholesterol-diet (Paigen's diet) and orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg PPE and α-asarone for 10 wk. RESULTS: The Paigen's diet reduced body weight gain in apoE-deficient mice, which was not restored by PPE or α-asarone. PPE or α-asarone improved the plasma lipid profiles in Paigen's diet-fed apoE-deficient mice, and despite a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very LDL were significantly reduced. Paigen's diet-induced systemic inflammation was reduced in PPE or α-asarone-treated apoE-deficient mice. Supplying PPE or α-asarone to mice lacking apoE suppressed aorta atherogenesis induced by atherogenic diet. PPE or α-asarone diminished aorta accumulation of CD68- and/or F4/80-positive macrophages induced by atherogenic diet in apoE-deficient mice. Treatment of apoE-deficient mice with PPE and α-asarone resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein level and an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reduced by supply of Paigen's diet. Supplementation of PPE and α-asarone enhanced the transcription of hepatic apoA1 and SR-B1 reduced by Paigen's diet in apoE-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS: α-Asarone in PPE inhibited inflammation-associated atheroma formation and promoted hepatic HDL-C trafficking in dyslipidemic mice.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2009

초저밀도 아포지단백(Very Low Density Apolipoprotein-II)은 조직의 지방단백질 분비 조성과 밀접한 관련이 있다고 알려진 유전자로서 최근 닭에서 성장 및 체구성과 매우 높은 연관이 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 닭의 3품종에서 PCR-RFLP 방법을 통해 apoVLDL-II 유전자의 유전자형을 분석하고 Broiler 형(B)과 Fayoumi 형(F)을 결정하였다. 각 품종간 유전자형 빈도는 한국 재래계에서 BB가 0.37, BF가 0.43, FF가 0.2로 검출되었고, 오계에서 BB가 0.2, BF가 0.6, FF가 0.2로 검출되었으며, 백색레그혼에서 BB가 0.16, BF가 0.84로 검출되었다. Broiler 형은 성장이나 체구성을 높이는 방향으로 작용한다는 기존의 보고를 바탕으로 본 연구에서 나타난 집단내 다양한 유전자형 분포는 재검증 작업을 거쳐 육종에 의해 이 형질들을 개량할 수 있음을 의미한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4940-4950
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• 2011

고지혈증 치료제인 cis-(3R,5R)-atorvastatin Ca (1)은 4개의 입체이성질체가 있으며, 각각의 이성질체들을 선택적으로 제조한다는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 본 연구에서는 입체이성질체 중의 하나인 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin Ca (7)을 초산에서 3,5-diketo atorvastatin ester (3)를 $Me_4NHB(OAc)_3$을 사용하여 환원시켜 cis-(3R,5R) (4)과 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin ester (5)를 각각 1.5%와 98.5%의 비율로 입체선택적으로 제조할 수 있었다. 또한, 고지혈증 치료제인 cis-(3R,5R)-atorvastatin Ca (1)과 그의 입체이성질체인 trans-(3R,5S)-atorvastatin Ca (7)을 쥐에서 고지방식이에 의해 유발된 고지혈증의 치료효과에 대하여 알아보았고, 이러한 연구의 수행을 위해 2010년 1월에 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 화합물 1과 7의 total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c)과 triglyceride (TG)는 각각 $93.0{\pm}0.5$, $43.5{\pm}0.8$, $40.4{\pm}1.4$, $45.6{\pm}0.9\;mg/d{\ell}$와 $110.0{\pm}0.7$, $33.3{\pm}0.6$, $65.8{\pm}1.9$, $54.8{\pm}1.2\;mg/d{\ell}$를 atherogenic index (AI)와 cardiac risk factor (CRF)는 $1.14{\pm}0.05$ $2.14{\pm}0.05$와 $2.31{\pm}0.06$, $3.31{\pm}0.06$을 나타냈으며 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)와 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)는 $51.9{\pm}4.6$, $16.0{\pm}2.1\;IU/{\ell}$와 $75.8{\pm}4.4$, $35.1{\pm}9.7\;IU/{\ell}$로 두 화합물 모두 고지혈증에 대한 치료효과를 나타내었으나, 화합물 1이 우수한 치료효과가 있는 반면 화합물 7은 치료효과가 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로 입체선택적 이성질체의 합성에 대한 새로운 방법을 제시하고, 향후 시판되고 있는 의약품들의 입체이성질체에 대한 임상적 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Elevation of postprandial lipemia characterized by a rise in triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins can increase the risk of atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial lipemia response to a single dietary fat/sugar load test and monitor beneficial changes induced by the consumption of Platycodi radix (AP) beverage in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 52 subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo or AP beverage group with a high-fat shake in a randomized controlled crossover trial. Postprandial blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h and analyzed for TG and lipoprotein lipase mass. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase was determined in vitro. RESULTS: AP inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro ($IC_{50}=5mg/mL$). Compared to placebo beverage, AP beverage consumption with a high-fat shake induced significant increase of plasma lipoprotein lipase mass (P = 0.0111, ${\beta}$ estimate = 4.2948) with significant reduction in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) TG concentration (P = 0.038, ${\beta}$ estimate = -52.69) at 6 h. Based on significant correlation between high-fat dietary scores MEDFICTS and postprandial TG responses in VLDL (P = 0.0395, r = 0.2127), subgroup analysis revealed that 6 h-postprandial VLDL TG response was significantly decreased by AP consumption in subjects with MEDFICTS ${\geq}40$ (P = 0.0291, ${\beta}$ estimate = -7214). CONCLUSIONS: AP beverage might have potential to alleviate postprandial lipemia through inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity and elevating lipoprotein lipase mass. Subgroup analysis revealed that subjects with high-fat dietary pattern could be classified as responders to AP beverage among all subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.675-682
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• 2013

One hundred and sixty Taiwan country chickens (d-old chicks) were randomly assigned into four groups with four replicates and equal sex. Basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% of Bazhen powder, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex. The study was conducted for 14 wks. Experimental results indicated that Bazhen supplement did not influence feed intake, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. Compared with control group, the percentage of serum HDL (high-density lipoprotein) linearly increased (p<0.03) and that of VLDL+LDL (very low-density+low-density lipoprotein) linearly decreased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, that 2% Bazhen was significantly different with control group (p<0.05). Chickens fed diets containing 2% Bazhen displayed reduced (p<0.05) serum GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) levels. The IgG, ${\gamma}$-globulin levels and PHA (phytohemagglutinin) skin challenge results in 1% Bazhan supplemented group were higher (p<0.05) than in the control group, the SRBC (sheep red blood cell) and ND (newcastle disease) titers in Bazhen supplemented groups were linear higher (p<0.05) than in the control group. The liver catalase activity and the capacity of scavenging DPPH (${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical were linearly increased (p<0.03) in Bazhen supplemented groups, and the 1 and 2% groups were different from the control group (p<0.05). Liver TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels in all Bazhen supplemented groups and total glutathione level in the 2% group were reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control group and displayed a linear response (p<0.05). The TBA (thiobarbituric acid) and pH value of the breast muscle after 24 h post-mortem in the Bazhen supplemented groups was linear lower (p<0.05) than in the control group. Results from this study demonstrated that Bazhen supplement in chicken had several beneficial effects, including increased SRBC and ND titers, HDL and IgG, ${\gamma}$-globulin levels, PHA skin challenge result, decreased VLDL+LDL and GOT levels, and displayed antioxidation effects in serum and carcass meat parameters.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

잣의 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 동물실험을 통하여 확인하기 위하여 기본식이(정상군), 기본식이에 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 식이(대조군), 그리고 기본식이에 콜레스테롤과 여러 농도의 잣을 함유한 실험식이(실험군)를 각 군별로 섭취하게 한 결과 잣의 농도에 따른 식이섭취량과 체중변화량의 유의적인 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 식이효율은 저농도로 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 대조군과 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 10% 이상의 고농도의 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 식이효율이 높았다. 본 연구에 사용한 농노범위(1-20%)에서는 잣 섭취에 의해 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화지수가 감소하는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며 이는 잣에 함유된 다량의 지방이 섭취됨으로써 잣이 지니는 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 감쇄하였기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 잣 성분이 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 지니는지 확인하기 위하여 hexane과 물을 사용하여 잣 성분을 추출한 후 각 추출물에 대한 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 측정한 결과 잣의 hexane 추출물은 66%의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 지니고 있었으며 물 추출물은 저해활성을 나타내지 않았다. 한편 잣의 hexane 추출물과 물 추출물은 cholesterol esterase에 대한 저해활성은 지니고 있지 않았다. 결론적으로 혈중 콜레스테롤의 함량 저하효과는 가공하지 않은 잣의 섭취에 의해서는 기대하기 어려우므로, 향후 잣의 hexane 추출물 중의 유용성분이 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량 저하효과를 지니는지에 대한 동물실험을 수행할 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

We previously reported that cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitory peptides (designated $P_{28}$ and $P_{10})$ have anti-atherogenic effects in hypercholesterolemic rabbits (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1998) 1391, 133-144). To further investigate those effects, we studied rabbit plasma that was collected after 30 h of a $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ injection. We found that there is a strong correlation between the in vivo CETP inhibition effects and alterations of lipoprotein particle size distribution in rabbit plasma, as determined on an agarose gel electrophoresis and gel filtration column chromatography. In vivo effects of the peptide were observed again in C57BL/6 mice that expressed simian CETP. The $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ peptide ($7\;{\mu}g/g$ of body weight) that was dissolved in saline was injected subcutaneously into the mice. The $P_{28}$ injection caused the partial inhibition of plasma CETP activity up to 50%, decreasing the total plasma cholesterol concentration by 30%, and increasing the ratio of HD/total-cholesterol concentration by 150% in the CETP-transgenic (tg) mice. The CETP inhibition by the $P_{28}$ or $P_{10}$ made alterations that modulated the size re-distribution of the lipoproteins in the blood stream. Particle size of the very low (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the peptide-injected group was highly decreased compared to the saline-injected group (determined on the gel filtration column chromatography). In contrast, The HDL particle size of the $P_{28}$-injected group increased compared to the control group (saline-injected). The expression level of the CETP mRNA of the $P_{28}$-injected CETP-tg mouse appeared lower than the saline-injected CETP-tg mouse. These results suggest that the injection of the CETP inhibitory peptide could affect the CETP expression level in the liver by influencing lipoprotein metabolism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.392-404
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between drinking behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) for adults, but these include very few studies for young adults. This study therefore undertook to investigate the association between drinking behaviors and components of MetS among adult drinkers aged 20-30 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, drinking behaviors of adults in the age group 20-30 years were divided into 4 groups: 1) group A, good drinking habits; 2) group B, frequent binge drinking but not frequent drinking; 3) group C, frequent drinking but not frequent binge drinking; 4) group D, frequent drinking and binge drinking. The association between MetS components and drinking behaviors was analyzed by applying multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We determined the prevalence risk compared to group A. In men, the prevalence risk of high triglyceride (TG) increased 2.051-fold in group C and 1.965-fold in group D. Moreover, in group D, the prevalence risk of low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased 0.668-fold, high blood pressure (BP) increased 2.147-fold, and MetS increased 1.567-fold. In women, there was an increased prevalence risk of low HDL-C (0.353-fold) and MetS (3.438-fold) in group C, whereas group D showed increased prevalence risk of abdominal obesity (2.959-fold), high TG (1.824-fold, and low HDL-C (0.424-fold). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that frequent drinking increases the risk of high TG, whereas frequent and binge drinking increases the risk of high TG, low HDL-C, high BP, and prevalence of MetS in men. In women, frequent drinking without binge drinking increases the risk of low HDL-C and MetS, whereas frequent and binge drinking increases the risk of abdominal obesity, high TG, and low HDL-C. We propose that improvements in the drinking behaviors can reduce the prevalence of MetS.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

This study was done to investigate the 12 college volleyball player's food behavior, nutrient intakes, and their serum lipid levels during the periods of training and detraining and to provide basic data for an effective program for the volleyball players during the period of detraining after the game season. The results were summarized as follows : The total daily energy intake of the players was $3,363{\pm}339kcal and 3,692{\pm}499kcal$ during the periods of the training and detraining, respectively. During the training period, daily intakes of protein, calcium and vitamin A, and $B_2$ were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for the players. During the detraining period, the players' daily intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were even lower. However, the consumption of alcohol was dramatically increased during the period of detraining. The levels of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein were significantly increased during the detraining period. Basal metabolic rates were significantly increased after the training period and diastolic pressure was decreased during the detraining period. In conclusion, out results suggest that the detraining of volleyball players for 10 days after intensive training, negatively affects their food behavior and serum lipid concentrations. Therefore, for the improvement of performance for the next game season, a planned program for the players' detraining period should be developed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and resveratrol supplementation on immune cells changes induced by abdominal irradiation in rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) control diet, 2) control diet with irradiation 3) 30% high-protein diet with irradiation, 4) normal diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation, and 5) 30% high-protein diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation. We measured blood protein and albumin concentrations, lipid profiles, white blood cell (WBC) counts, proinflammatory cytokine production, and splenocyte proliferation in rats that had been treated with a 17.5 Gy dose of radiation 30 days prior. A high-protein diet affected plasma total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were increased by the radiation treatment. In addition, the lymphocyte percentage and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration were increased, and the neutrophil percentage was decreased in rats fed a high-protein diet. Resveratrol supplementation decreased the triglyceride (TG) level, but increased the IgM concentration and splenocyte proliferation. Proinflammatory cytokine production was lower in rats fed a high-protein diet supplemented with resveratrol than in rats fed a control diet. The results of the present study indicate that high-protein diets, with or without resveratrol supplementation, might assist with recovery from radiation-induced inflammation by modulating immune cell percentages and cytokine production.