• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we propose an image downscaler used in multimedia video applications, such as DTV, TV-PIP, PC-video, camcorder, videophone and so on. The proposed image downscaler provides a scaled image of high-quality and high-performance. This paper will explain the scaling theory using two-dimensional digital filters. It is the method that removes an aliasing noise and decreases the hardware complexity, compared with Pixel-drop and Upsamling. Also, this paper will prove it improves scaling precisians and decreases the loss of data, compared with the Scaler32, the Bt829 of Brooktree, and the SAA7114H of Philips. The proposed downscaler consists of the following four blocks: line memory, vertical scaler, horizontal scaler, and FIFO memory. In order to reduce the hardware complexity, the using digital filters are implemented by the multiplexer-adder type scheme and their all the coefficients can be simply implemented by using shifters and adders. It also decreases the loss of high frequency data because it provides the wider BW of 6MHz as adding the compensation filter. The proposed downscaler is modeled by using the Verilog-HDL and the model is verified by using the Cadence simulator. After the verification is done, the model is synthesized into gates by using the Synopsys. The synthesized downscaler is Placed and routed by the Mentor with the IDEC-C632 0.65${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ library for further IC implementation. The IC master is fixed in size by 4,500${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$\times$4,500${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The active layout size of the proposed downscaler is 2,528${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$\times$3,237${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted in order to improve opening efficiency of the miniaturized large-scale net for anchovy boat seine gear to reduce the fleet size. Field experiments were performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distances between the two ships were 150, 300 and 450 m, and the speeds of towing nets were 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 k't, respectively. The vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the miniaturized large-scale net was as follows: the front part of the wing net, 8.7-13.3 m, 51-78%; the middle part of the wing net, 28.1-34.2 m, 55-67%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 31.3-38.5 m, 60-73%; the square and bosom, 22.7-29.6 m, 47-62%; the entrance of the body net, 20.9-26.4 m, 42-52%; the entrance of the bag net, 17.2-21 m, 72-89%; the flapper, 13.2-15.3 m, 78-83%; and the end of the bag net, 13.2-15.7 m, 72-75%. By connecting the net pendants with the front part of the wing net, the opening of the front part of the wing net was significantly improved compared to the traditional gear, which ensured both the wing net and the inside wing net with a normal net height. This, in turn, increased the efficiency of herding. The height of the body and bag nets was also higher than that of the tradition gear. In particular, the body net attached to the gear significantly improved the pocket shape of the gear and reduced the number of fish that were caught and escaped from the bag net, which increased the rate of fishing. The tension of towing nets was measured approximately between 2,958 and 7,110 kg, which indicates that the fleet can tow nets with 350 ps, the standard engine horse power. The fishing operation time was shortened compared with of the existent net, and the large-scale buoy attachment operation was also possible to operate the ship without fish detecting boat.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.619-629
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study is to estimate bed-resistance in gravel-bed rivers using the equivalent roughness height($k_s$). We calculated the friction factor(f) with the measured data from 8 domestic gravel-bed rivers and investigated the size distributions of the bed materials. The averaged $k_s$ in each cross-section, which is determined under the hypothesis that the vertical velocity distribution follows the logarithmic law, is compared with the reach $k_s$ which is calculated with the cumulative grain diameter distribution curve of bed materials. Moreover, the applicability of existing formulae, such as Strickler type equations, is examined by comparing with Manning's n value converted from the $k_s$. According to the results, the reach $k_s$ proves to be a good indicator of representative characteristic of bed materials in a reach, and the Manning's n based on the reach $k_s$ is appropriate for practical estimation of the bed-resistance, for RMS errors between calculated and measured Manning's n is less than 0.003. The correlation between the $k_s$ and specified bed-material size($D_i$) is very low, so it is difficult to select a proper one among the existing empirical equations.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.73-87
• /
• 2018

As men in their 30s are spending more money on clothing, it is becoming increasingly important to first conduct an anthropometric study and then develop garment patterns accommodating the changes found in body sizes and types of men in their 30s, in order to effectively address their fit dissatisfaction. Thus this study aims to explore changes in upper body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, which provide basic measurements for designing major garment items including jackets and shirts. To this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions of the upper body of men in their 30s, taken from the 6th (2015) and 7th (2016) surveys conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major upper body sizes to track changes with measuring time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types. By comparing the two surveys, it was found that the overall body sizes of men in their 30s were increasing in height-related items, circumference, thickness, and width, -as well as body weight and BMIs. Upper body height-related items, in particular, showed a higher average value in the 6th survey than in the 7th, indicating that the overall body types of men are becoming "westernized" with longer legs and shorter torso. Finally, five factors were derived to determine the typical upper body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories according to the cluster analysis. First, those with a relatively small build with short stature and torso. Second, those with the highest stature and vertical dimension with the smallest torso volume and least body fatness. Third, those with the biggest torso volume and most body fatness with bigger width between armpits and shoulders. The distributional pattern analysis showed that men in their 30s tend to have increasingly higher stature but lower body weight and BMIs than in the past, implying that their body types are becoming close to those of men in their 20s.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2 s.20
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2004

This study dealt with size effect of specimen in measuring deformation strength and estimating rut resistance of asphalt concretes under static loading using Kim test. Two aggregates, a normal asphalt (pen 60-80) and 6 polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) binders were used for preparation of 14 dense-graded mixtures. Mixtures were prepared based on optimum asphalt content by Marshall compactor (S= 10cm) and gyratory compactor (S= 15cm) for Kim test and for wheel tracking test. In statistical analysis by general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS, the diameter of specimen was found not to be a significant factor that affect the Kim test result. Therefore, it was found that either loom-diameter or 15cm-diameter of specimen gave no significant difference in deformation strength ($K_D$) values in Kim test for any aggregate mixture. However, the thickness of specimen was found to be a significant factor in determining $K_D$. It is estimated that $K_D$ is a function of y, vertical deformation, and y has something to do with thickness of specimen. Therefore, it is suggested that the thickness of specimen should not be higher than 6.6cm, and the correction factor depending on the thickness value should be developed in the future study.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.341-358
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the relationship between parameters of the discontinuity in Discrete Fracture Network model such as fracture intensity, fracture orientation, fracture size, fracture shape etc. In this paper, FracMan code was used to model and analyze 3D DFN. A sensitivity analysis was performed in order to analyze the relationship between linear fracture intensity measure ($P_{10}$) and parameters of the discontinuity in $100m{\times}100m{\times}100m$ model area. As a result the sensitivity analysis showed that key parameters affecting fracture intensity are fracture orientation (Trend / Plunge). Conversion factor($C_{13}$) for $P_{10}$, to calculate volumetric fracture intensity measure ($P_{32}$), is derived in case of vertical well and horizontal well when trend is $10^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$ (7cases) and plunge is $5^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$, $85^{\circ}$ (7cases). It is expected that this paper can be used effectively for modeling and understanding DFN model.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The present study is to verify whether the deformation of ear acupuncture needle tips that are currently on the market is caused during the process of initial packaging. Methods : Ear acupuncture needles distributed from three different companies were collected to measure the size of the groove on the transparent plate which is used in for the intial packaging. Then the tolerance range for off-centered tips, which represent the range of the groove size that is safe from damaging the needle tip, was determined based on the vertical length measured from tip to handle. 200 ear acupuncture needles were dipped in alcohol and scanned to confirm the position of the needles. Stereo-microscope was used to observe the needle tips that were located outside the tolerance range. Results : The increased number of ear acupuncture needle tips placed outside the tolerance range were seen from in the order of C company, A company and B company. The increased deformation of the needle tips caused by initial packaging was observed in the order of A company, C company and B company. Conclusion : Only the ear acupuncture needles from B company showed the strong correlation between needle tip deformation and initial packaging. It has been observed that the deformation of the ear acupuncture needles is mainly due to manufacturing process, not the packaging process.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2000

We have fabricated and analyzed the lasing characteristics of 1.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ Spot-Size-Converter (SSC) integrated Fabry-Perot (FP) laser diodes, which are very promising light sources for optical subscriber networks. SSC-LDs has been developed by BIB (buttjoint-built-in) coupling and selective MOVPE growth. High-performances were achieved such as the slope efficiency from the SSC facet of 0.23-0.32 mW/mA, the full-width at the half maximum of the far-field pattern (FFP) of 9.5$^{\circ}$~12.3$^{\circ}$, the alignment tolerances of $\pm$2.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ and $\pm$2.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ within the extra-coupling loss of 1 dB for the vertical and parallel directions, respectively. These experimental results were compared to theoretical ones in order to clarify the operational problems and give a good design direction of the fabricated SSC-LDs. It was revealed that an asymmetric output power from the facets, an irrelevancy of FFP and the waveguide structure around SSC facet region, and a poor temperature characteristics were originated from the scattering in the BIB and SSC sections and SHB effect in the active section for the first time.t time.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.36
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2005

Development of the packaging is one of the critical issues for commercialization of the RF-MEMS devices. RF MEMS package should be designed to have small size, hermetic protection, good RF performance and high reliability. In addition, packaging should be conducted at sufficiently low temperature. In this paper, a low temperature hermetic wafer level packaging scheme for the RF-MEMS devices is presented. For hermetic sealing, Au-Sn eutectic bonding technology at the temperature below $300{\times}C$ is used. Au-Sn multilayer metallization with a square loop of $70{\mu}m$ in width is performed. The electrical feed-through is achieved by the vertical through-hole via filled with electroplated Cu. The size of the MEMS Package is $1mm\times1mm\times700{\mu}m$. By applying $O_2$ plasma ashing and fabrication process optimization, we can achieve the void-free structure within the bonding interface as well as via hole. The shear strength and hermeticity of the package satisfy the requirements of MIL-STD-883F. Any organic gases or contamination are not observed inside the package. The total insertion loss for the packaging is 0.075 dB at 2 GHz. Furthermore, the robustness of the package is demonstrated by observing no performance degradation and physical damage of the package after several reliability tests.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.540-552
• /
• 1997

For the scientific and systematic study of sediment deposits along Yeongsan river, total 13 core samples were taken from Yeongsan river. The thickness of sediment deposits is 22.0m at YS 1, 20.0m YS 2, 18.5m YS 3, 12.0m YS 4, 3.0m YS 5, 5.5m YS 7, 3.0m YS 8, 5.9m YS 9, 5.0m YS 10 on main stream of Yeongsan river. The thickness of deposit is increasing from upstream to downstream. The composition of sediments dominates sandy gravel on the upstream and the lower part on the downstream, and mud deposits of $11m{\sim}16m$ thick on the upper part of on the downstream(YS 1, YS 2, and YS 3). Contents of organic carbon and calcium carbonates occur being contrary to each other toward upstream. The content of organic carbon increases upstream, that of calcium carbonates decreases. According to size analysis of sediment, the content of gravel increases and mud decreases from downstream to upstream. Sediment deposits can be divided into two types whether gravel is or not. But this boundary is clear in the downstream(YS 1$\sim$YS 4) but is vague in the upstream. The result of this study could be provided engineering, environment, and architecture with geological background as the essential basis.