• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1972

Protein malnutrition of children is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in developing country. Urea nitrogen excretion in ureotelic animals is the function most sensitive to dietary protein. The 24 hours excretion of creatinine in the urine of a given subject is remarkably constant from day to day. The creatinine excretion of different individuals of the same age and sex is also quite constant. Low ratios of urinary urea to creatinine are found children low protein intake. The foregiving world-wide investigations indicate that the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios seems to be a good biochemical indicator to distinguish among group with different levels of protein intake. The purpose of this study is to evluate an indicator of protein intake on the elementary school children ranged from 6 to 8 years of age living in rural and urban areas. Each child measured for height and weight of body. weight measured by means of a plate from scale and height by a vertical measuring rod. Biochemical test were taken from a finger-tip and urine. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanomethemoglobin method. From the urine samples, urea nitrogen and urea creatinie were determined by Folin-Wu method and: calculate the ratio. The following result were obtained: 1) Mean of the body weight and height in urban children(Seoul) was higher and heavier than rural children(Kyunggi, Kangwon). And 12% of boys, 18% of girls in Kyunggi and 25% of boys, 22% of girls in Kangwon area weight less than 80% of Korean Physical Standard weight level. 2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in Seoul are children were 13. 3g/100ml, 13.1g/100ml and the mean of hemoglobin values in Kyunggi 12.9g/100ml of boys, 12.4g/100ml of girls, and 12.4g/100ml of boys, 12.9g/100ml of girls in Kangwon children. It is found that 22% to 24% children inrural area (Kyunggi, Kangwon) had hemoglobin level less than 12g/100ml which means anemia. 3) The mean of hematocrit level of Seoul, boys and girls children were 33.5%, 34.1% and 33.4%, 33.1%, in Kyunggi area and 33.1%, 32.9% in Kangwon area. 4) Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios in Seoul children were 9. 0, 10. 0 of boys and girls, the ratio were 8.2, 8.0 in Kyunggi boys and girls children, and 7.5 and 7.4 in Kangwon boys, girls children. Low-income rural and upper-income urban background large differences between two groups in the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio(Seoul: Kangwon in male, female children. p<0.05, p<0.001). The urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio definetly seems to be a good indicator of the quantity of the protein intake. However, whether or not it is an indicator of the quality of the ingested protein ramains to be seen.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2008

오존 농도와 기상 인자의 연직관측을 수행하여 오존분포와 하부 대기구조와의 관계를 분석하였다. 관측은 서울 방이동에서 2003년 6월 $6{\sim}9$일에 하루 2회씩(주 야간)총 8회에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 고도 5 km 이내의 관측결과를 중심으로 대기경계층 일변화와 연직 오존농도 변화를 집중분석하였다. 관측 결과, 대기경계층 내 야간안정층 및 혼합층 발달에 따라 큰 오존농도 분포변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 야간에는 안정층 내에서 $NO_x$ 적정반응으로 0에 가까운 낮은 오존농도를 나타내었다. 한편 오후에는 혼합층 내에서 비교적 일정한 오존농도 분포를 나타내며, 대기경계층 상부에서 100 ppb 이상의 최고 농도가 관측되었다. 특히 지표부근 오존농도가 높았던 6월 8일의 관측결과를 통해, 오존의 생성 소멸과 관련한 국지효과뿐만 아니라 제한된 혼합층 발달이 고농도오존 발생에 중요한 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 관측 기간 중, 국지규모 이상의 수송효과에 의한 대기경계층 상부의 농도 상승과 종관기류 변화에 따른 수송 효과가 간접적으로 확인되었다. 연직 오존분포 분석에 있어 충분치 않은 관측 자료로 인해 정확한 시간적 변동을 고찰할 수 없는 한계를 보였다. 하지만 본 연구를 통해 서울지역 대기하층의 오존 분포 변화와 기상학적 특징을 살펴봄으로서 고농도오존 현상의 역학적인 이해를 도울 것으로 생각되며, 관측 결과는 도시 오존제어를 위한 광화학 수치모델링의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

연약지반에 구조물을 설치하거나 도로 또는 단지를 조성하는 경우 지지력 부족으로 인한 지반 전단파괴 및 과도한 압밀침하 등 공학적 문제가 발생하게 되어, 강도증가 및 침하억제를 위한 지반 개량공사를 필수적으로 시행하여야 한다. 연약지반을 개량함에 있어 현장계측자료를 바탕으로 한 장기침하량 예측은 선행재하 성토고 및 압밀완료시점 예측을 위한 매우 중요한 요소로 이에 관한 연구가 국내 외 여러 학자들에 의해 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행재하 및 연직배수 공법을 적용하여 점성토 연약지반개량을 시행한 연구 대상 지역의 압밀침하 특성을 분석하였으며, 쌍곡선법, ${\sqrt{S}}$법, Asaoka법을 적용하여 압밀도에 따른 예측 침하량과 실측 최종침하량을 비교 분석하여 김포한강지구의 토질특성에 맞는 침하예측기법을 연구하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 3가지 예측방법으로 추정한 침하량과 계측침하량의 오차가 최대 ${\pm}4$% 이내로 실 침하량과 거의 일치하였으며, 예측의 정확도는 Asaoka법, 쌍곡선법, ${\sqrt{s}}$법 순으로 나타났다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2003

Purpose: To compare the measurements of the mandible and the detectability of the mandibular canal on reformatted images using a newly developed 3-dimensional implant simulation program with traditionally used CT multiplanar reconstruction program and true measurements. Materials and Methods: Ten dry dog mandibles were used in this study. Occlusal templates for CT examination were fabricated and marked with gutta perch a at ten sites. Axial CT scans were taken and reconstructed using DentaScan (D group) and Vimplant program (V group), and each mandible was sectioned at the previously marked sites (R group). Maximum vertical height (H) and maximum width (W) of the mandible, the distances from buccal border of the mandibular canal to the most buccal aspect of the mandible (X), and the distance from the superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (Y) were measured, and the mandibular measurements in each group were compared. Detectability of mandibular canal was evaluated using a 3-point scale in both V and D groups by three oral radiologists and compared. Results: H in the V group was slightly greater than that in the D group, and Wand X in the V group was slightly less than those in the D group. H in the V group was less than that in the R group, and Wand X in the V group was larger than those in the R group. The detectability of the mandibular canal did not show statistically significant differences between V and D groups. Conclusion: The results of the experiment show that the newly developed, inexpensive Vimplant/TM/ simulation program can be used as an alternative to the traditionally used, and more expensive CT multiplanar reconstruction program.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 1996

A wind tunnel consisting of two air flow conditioners with polycarbonate pipes, a plant growth room, a suction fan and fan controller, and fluorescent lamps, was designed to investigate the interactions between the growth of plug seedlings under artificial light and their Physical environments. Light transmissivities in the plant growth room based on the photosynthetic photon flux density and photosynthetically active radiation was appeared to be 96.3% and 96.8%, respectively. Measurement showed a uniformity in the vertical profiles of air current speed at the middle and rear regions of plug trays in wind tunnel. This result indicated that the development of a wind tunnel based on the design criteria of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers was adequate. Air current speed inside the plug stand was significantly decreased due to the resistance by the leaves of plug seedlings and boundary layer developed over and below the plug stand. Driving force to facilitate the diffusion of gas inside the plug stand might be regarded as extremely low. Aerodynamic characteristics above the plug stand under artificial light were investigated. As the air current speed increased, zero plane displacement decreased but roughness length and frictional velocity increased. Zero plane displacement linearly increased with the average height of plug seedlings. The wind tunnel developed in this study would be useful to investigate the effects of air current speed on the microclimate over and inside the plug stand and to collect basic data for a large-scale plug production under artificial light in a semi-closed ecosystem.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2000

전선에 의한 강수는 종종 한반도에서 국지적인 집중호우를 유발한다. 그러나 관측자료의 결핍과 전선의 중규모적 구조에 대한 이해 부족으로 정확하고 신속한 강수량 예측이 어려운 실정이다. 레이더의 공간 해상도는 수 km, 시간 해상도는 수 분으로 중규모 이하의 현상에 대한 관측자료를 제공할 수 있기 때문에 레이더의 효용성은 널리 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한반도에서 대표적인 전선성 강수 사례를 선택하여 중규모적 특성을 레이더 연직 단면 관측자료에 근거하여 분석하였다. 강수계 내에서 수평규모 약 10 - 20 km의 대류 세포들이 존재하며, 연직 단면도 상에서 나타나는 밝은 띠에 의하면 녹는고도($0^{\circ}C$ 층)는 약 3 - 5 km 사이에 위치하고 있다. 강수 입자에 의하여 추정되는 구름의 높이는 대략 12 km에 달한다. 발달한 층운 지역에서 강수입자의 최대 낙하속도는 밝은 띠가 나타나는 녹는고도 바로 하층에서 나타나고 있다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

최근 보강토 옹벽은 점차 콘크리트옹벽을 대체하는 안정화된 공법으로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 그러나, 보강재로서 신장성보강재(Extensible reinforcement)를 사용할 경우 보강토 옹벽의 전면벽에서 배부름(Bulging) 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 보강토옹벽의 배부름(Bulging)은 임의의 블록 높이에서 그 블록의 상단 및 하단 블록이 설계상의 상대적인 위치를 확보하지 못하는 현상이다. 이는 보강재가 인장력을 발휘하기 위해서는 어느 정도 변형이 필요하기 때문에 이에 대한 설계상의 검토가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알루미늄 봉을 이용하는 소형모형실험을 통해서 보강재의 신장특성이 보강토 옹벽거동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 보강재는 비신장성 보강재로서 창호지와 신장성 보강재로서 멤브레인을 이용하였다. 실험결과로부터 보강재의 강성은 보강토옹벽의 변위형태에 많은 영향을 미치는 인자임을 알 수 있었으며, 전반적으로 보강재의 강성이 증가함에 따라 최대수평변위의 발생지점이 벽체 상부로 이동하는 경향을 보이고 있다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns which are the main vertical structural members are exposed to several static and dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. However, impact loading that is sudden impulsive dynamic one is the most effective loading type acting on the RC columns. Impact load is a kind of impulsive dynamic load which is ignored in the design process of RC columns like other structural members. The behavior of reinforced concrete columns under impact loading is an area of research that is still not well understood; however, work in this area continues to be motivated by a broad range of applications. Examples include reinforced concrete structures designed to resist accidental loading scenarios such as falling rock impact; vehicle or ship collisions with buildings, bridges, or offshore facilities; and structures that are used in high-threat or high-hazard applications, such as military fortification structures or nuclear facilities. In this study, free weight falling test setup is developed to investigate the behavior effects on RC columns under impact loading. For this purpose, eight RC column test specimens with 1/3 scale are manufactured. While drop height and mass of the striker are constant, application point of impact loading, stirrup spacing and concrete compression strength are the experimental variables. The time-history of the impact force, the accelerations of two points and the displacement of columns were measured. The crack patterns of RC columns are also observed. In the light of experimental results, low-velocity impact behavior of RC columns were determined and interpreted. Besides, the finite element models of RC columns are generated using ABAQUS software. It is found out that proposed finite element model could be used for evaluation of dynamic responses of RC columns subjected to low-velocity impact load.

• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.317-338
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• 2008

Analyses of observational data and numerical simulations were performed to understand the mechanism of MCSs (Mesoscale Convective Systems) occurred on 13-14 July 2004 over Jindo area of the Korean Peninsula. Observations indicated that synoptic environment was favorable for the occurrence of heavy rainfall. This heavy rainfall appeared to have been enhanced by convergence around the Changma front and synoptic scale lifting. From the analyses of storm environment using Haenam upper-air observation data, it was confirmed that strong convective instability was present around the Jindo area. Instability indices such as K-index, SSI-index showed favorable condition for strong convection. In addition, warm advection in the lower troposphere and cold advection in the middle troposphere were detected from wind profiler data. The size of storm, that produced heavy rainfall over Jindo area, was smaller than $50{\times}50km^2$ according to radar observation. The storm developed more than 10 km in height, but high reflectivity (rain rate 30 mm/hr) was limited under 6 km. It can be judged that convection cells, which form cloud clusters, occurred on the inflow area of the Changma front. In numerical simulation, high CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) was found in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula. However, heavy rainfall was restricted to the Jindo area with high CIN (Convective INhibition) and high CAPE. From the observations of vertical drop size distribution from MRR (Micro Rain Radar) and the analyses of numerically simulated hydrometeors such as graupel etc., it can be inferred that melted graupels enhanced collision and coalescence process of heavy precipitation systems.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2023

This study analyzed the style, dimensions, fabric patterns, colors, and fabrics of a traditional Chinese women's dress from the Zhou Dynasty, and reconstructed it in the form of a virtual garment using 3D CLO. Based on ancient flat image data and three-dimensional portrait data, who wore them, how they were worn, and how they were coordinated was analyzed. In order to analyze the size and pattern of the straight Ju Chines dress, data from the excavation report and the tomb owner's anthropometric measurements were combined to infer the wearing condition and organize the sculptural features. Dimensional analysis was carried out using a well-preserved small-scale woven cotton cloth as a restoration model, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions were reasonably estimated using the shape proportioning method. The analysis of the colors and patterns of the fabrics was based on the colors and patterns of the fabrics excavated from Masan Tomb No. 1 during the Eastern Zhou, Qin, and Han periods. Finally, a virtual model was created using data from the excavation report and the age and height information of the owner of the excavated robe, and the pose and size of the virtual model were determined using 3D CLO. Based on the previous research data, the garment was virtually sewn and simulated. The shape, pressure, and strain of the garment in different postures was also compared. Through the research direction of pattern and 3D restoration, this research maximizes the restoration of Chinese traditional women's dress and presents it in a more intuitive, comprehensive, and vivid way.