• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2018

Vertical farming systems offer many advantages in urban spaces. They have also been proposed as an engineering solution to increase the productivity per unit area of cultivated land by extending crop production in the vertical dimension. However, soil water retention is a major constraint affecting the plant environment. This study analyzed the effects of growth environment of Tropaeolum majus and Fragaria spp., on the vertical farming system, by using four different types of cover material types including sphagnum moss (Control), a shading net (S.N.), multi-layered fabric (M.L.F.), and non-woven fabric (N.W.F.). The volumetric soil moisture contents and plant characteristics were investigated from May to September 2014. Plant materials were individually cultivated in hanging baskets measuring $30{\times}17{\times}17cm$, filled with a mixture of soil and perlite, and placed at 1.5m height. Each treatment was performed in quadruplicate and consisted of five plants, amounting to a total of 20 plants. The analysis indicated that different covers were associated with multiple functions and soil water retention improvements may have a positive impact on the vertical farming system. The difference in soil water retention increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N.. Furthermore, the differences in plant height and survival rate increased in the following order: M.L.F. > Control > N.W.F. > S.N. Therefore, M.L.F yielded satisfactory good response for the vertical farming system of cover materials. Our results clearly demonstrate that vertical spaces represent an attractive alternative to urban farming and suggest that further increases in yield may be achieved via different cover materials in vertical farming using hanging baskets.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.712-728
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• 2016

본 연구는 충청남도 부여군 수박 농가와 대형마트 간 계약생산을 대상으로, 계약생산의 성립배경과 계약기업의 수직적 조정의 정도 그리고 이와 관련하여 나타나는 토지이용의 특징을 고찰하였다. 사례 계약생산은 생산자 단체 주도의 계약생산으로서, 기업의 역할이 신품종 수박의 품종 지정으로 제한됨에 따라 기업의 수직적 조정의 정도가 낮은 구매계약으로 유형화된다. 따라서 계약농가는 계약에 대한 진입과 탈퇴가 자유롭고, 나아가 복수의 거래처와 계약을 맺는 현상이 일반화되고 있다. 또한 계약농가들은 기존 윤작체계에 계약품종을 결합하는 방식으로 계약생산에 참여하고 있는데, 이 과정에서 역내 계약품종의 확산에 의한 수박 농업의 다각화가 나타나고 있다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.535-549
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• 2016

계약 생산은 수직적 조정에 의해 농산업의 전후방 연계를 가능케 하는 새로운 제도로서 오늘날 농식품 체계의 변화를 주도하고 있다. 농산물의 계약 생산은 선진국과 개발도상국을 막론하고 점차 보편적인 현상이 됨에 따라 지리학을 비롯한 다양한 분야의 연구자들로부터 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 계약 생산에 관한 해외 연구자들의 연구 성과에 대한 문헌 연구를 통해 이 분야에 관한 연구 동향과 과제에 대해 논의하였다. 구체적인 연구 내용을 보면, 계약 생산의 성장 배경을 농식품 체계의 변화와 관련지어 설명하고 계약 생산의 이론적 기초에 대해 고찰하였으며, 계약 생산의 경제적, 환경적 영향과 지역 발전 정책으로서 갖는 의미를 살펴보고, 계약 생산에 관한 장래 연구 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2001

This article described the production problems, import conditions of organic livestock products and background of CODEX-guideline, and presented the counterplan for future organic livestock production policy. The essential counterplan for CODEX-guideline and construction of organic livestock production basis include ; - Specific funding of research and development for excellent livestock breeding with consideration of regional enviroment-friendly applications to improve the quality of organic livestock products, - Development of production potential and resources utilization of organic feeding stuffs in domestic and foreign countries, - Horizontal and vertical organization of organic livestock farming and multifarm cooperation, - Specialization of organic livestock farming, and construction for direct or indirect linkage markets and Agro-food corporation for closer cooperation between inner and outer factor of farm management, - Construction of recycling system for the enviroment-friendly utilization of animal excrements.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.582-585
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• 2004

Oyster fanning structures in tidal flats are well detected by SAR system. Each frame of these artificial structures is composed of two vertical and one horizontal wooden pole. We investigate characteristics of polarimetric features in the target structures. In this paper, the results of AIRSAR L-band POLSAR data and experiments in laboratory are discussed. The ratio of single bounce to double bounce scattering depends of vertical pole height, direction of horizontal pole to radar look direction, and incidence angle as well as sea surface condition. We have conducted laboratory experiments. According to target scale, Ku-band and targets downsized by scale of 10 are used. The results of the experiments are summarized as: i) total power of the backscattering is more affected by vertical poles than a horizontal pole; ii) and backscattering from a horizontal pole is sensitive to the relative radar look direction to target array. We conclude that water level can be effectively measured by using interferometric phase and backscattering intensity if vertical poles in the water are observed by L-band HH- or VV-polarization. Measurement of tide height can be further improved if double bounced components are separated from fully polarized SAR data.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1993

Vertical and horizontal ride vibrations of the selected agricultural tractors were measured and evaluated with respect to the ISO 2631 'guide for the evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration'. Evaluation showed that at the normal transportation speeds of 1.4~20km/h on both the concret and ground surfaces tractor drivers were exposed to the vibrations whose magnitudes exceed the 8 hour fatigue decreased proficiency boundary in the frequency ranges of 2~16Hz in vertical and 1~2Hz in horizontal directions. Considering that tractor operation becomes as one of the specialized job for the future farming in Korea, measures must be made to protect the drivers against harmful ride vibrations of agricultural tractors.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2008

Internal waves and internal tides occur frequently along the eastern coast of Korea. During the spring-tide period in April 2003, the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC) flowed near the Korean East Coast Farming Forecast System (KECFFS; a moored oceanographic measurement system), creating a strong thermocline at the intermediate layer. Weakened stratification and well-mixed water appeared frequently around the KECFFS, with duration of approximately 1 day. The results suggest the following scenario. Baroclinic motion related to the internal tide generated high frequency internal waves around the thermocline. The breaking of those waves then created turbulence around the thermocline. After well-mixed water appeared, a current component with perpendicular direction to the EKWC appeared within the inertial period. The change in stratification around the KECFFS locally broke the geostrophic balance as a transient state. This local vertical mixing formed an ageostrophic current within the inertial period.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2020

Background and objective: Moth orchids in the vegetative stage are suitable for a multi-layer growing environment in a closed-type plant factory which can be a good alternative that can reduce production costs by reducing cultivation time and energy cost per plant. This study was conducted to find out the optimal rhizospheric environment for different irrigation methods without a potting medium and rhizospheric ventilation for the vegetative growth of young Phalaenopsis hybrid 'Blanc Rouge' (P. KV600 × P. Kang 1) and Phalaenopsis Queen Beer 'Mantefon' in a closed-type plant factory system. Methods: The one-month-old clonal micropropagules with bare roots rapped with a sponges were fixed on the holes of styrofoam plates above growth beds, and were watered using the ebb-and-flow (EBB) and aeroponic (AER) methods with Ichihashi solution (0.5 strength) once a day at 06:00 (P) or 18:00 (S), and both (PS). Rhizospheric ventilation (V) was also applied to change the temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration of the beds. Plants potted into sphagnum moss and watered once a week were used as the control group. Results: After 12 months of treatment, the growth characteristics of the EBB groups were the best among the treatment groups without a medium, but no effect of irrigation timing was observed. V reduced the temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ concentration of the beds. Whereas, EBB+V (ebb-and-flow with ventilation) improved plant growth and reduced the occurrence of disorders and withering. Especially, EBB+V showed a similar performance to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the optimal irrigation method without a potting medium for producing middle-aged potted moth orchids was the EBB system with forced rhizospheric ventilation. Therefore, further studies on the optimal ventilation method and moisture control of the crown need to be carried out to develop the irrigation system without a potting medium for vertical farming in closed-type plant factories.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2014

CSV(Creating Shared Value)는 Porter and Kramer (2011)가 기업이 사회와 진정으로 공생할 수 있는 방안 마련을 위해 제안한 모델이다. 이는 기업의 비즈니스적 가치와 사회적 문제 해결을 동시에 달성하기 위한 활동이다. 본 연구에서는 CSV의 개념을 식품기업에 적용하여 농촌을 대상으로 식품기업이 수행하고 있는 CSV의 사례를 발굴하였다. 특히 Porter and Kramer (2011)가 제시한 CSV창출의 세 단계와 Peterson et al. (2001)이 제시한 생산자와 기업 간의 관계형태를 준거로 하여 CSV활동 분석 프레임워크를 제시하였다. 이와 같은 프레임워크를 통해 발굴된 사례를 분석한 결과, 로컬푸드형, 후방지원형, 공동법인창업형 세 가지 유형의 CSV활동이 발견되었다. 로컬푸드형은 일시구매나 상세계약의 관계형태를 기반으로 하여 CSV를 창출하는 유형이며, 후방지원형은 주로 관계기초 제휴 형태의 관계형태를 기반으로 하여 CSV를 창출하는 유형이다. 마지막으로 공동법인창업형은 자본기초 제휴 형태의 관계형태를 기반으로 하여 CSV를 창출하는 유형이다. 본 연구는 농촌을 대상으로 하는 CSV사례를 발굴하였다는 점과, 프레임워크를 사용하여 이를 유형화 하였다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.538-541
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• 2005

Tidal flats develop along the south coast ofthe Korean peninsula. These areas are famous for sea farming. Specially, strong and coherent radar backscattering signals are observed over oyster sea farms that consist of artificial structures. Tide height in oyster farm is possible to measure by using interferometric phase and intensity of SAR data. It is assumed that the radar signals from oyster farm could be considered as double-bouncing returns by vertical and horizontal bars. But, detailed backscattering mechanism and polarimetric characteristics in oyster farm had not been well studied. We could not demonstrate whether the assumption is correct or not and exactly understand what the properties of back scattering were in oyster farm without full polarimetric data. The results of AIRSAR L-band POLSAR data, experiments in laboratory and JERS-l images are discussed. We carried out an experiment simulating a target structure using vector network analyser (Y.N.A.) in an anechoic chamber at Niigata University. Radar returns from vertical poles are stronger than those from horizontal poles by 10.5 dB. Single bounce components were as strong as double bounce components and more sensitive to antenna look direction. Double bounce components show quasi-linear relation with height of vertical poles. As black absorber replaced AI-plate in bottom surface, double bounce in vertical pole decreased. It is observed that not all oyster farms are characterized by double bounced scattering in AIRSAR data. The image intensity of the double bounce dominant oyster farm was investigated with respect to that of oyster farm dominated by single bounce in JERS-l SAR data. The image intensity model results in a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.78 in double bounce dominant area while that of 0.54 in single bouncing dominant area. This shows that double bounce dominant area should be selected for water height measurement using In8AR technique.