• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.6 s.65
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• pp.486-494
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• 2006

The horizontal to vertical (H/V) ratio technique in spectral domain is a common useful technique to estimate empirical site transfer function. The technique, originally proposed by Nakamura, is proposed to analyse the surface waves in the micrortremor records. The purpose of this paper is to estimate spectral ratio using observed data at the seismic stations distributed within Southern Korean Peninsula from the Fukuoka earthquake including 11 aftershocks. The results show that most of the stations have fairly good amplification characteristics in low frequency band. However, some of the seismic stations show one (resonant frequency specific to the site) or several local peaks of amplification factors with narrow high frequency band. Even though the site amplification characteristics are important information, we should be careful to analyse the observed ground motions from the seismic stations which have several very high amplification peaks for the deconvolution of seismic source and attenuation parameters.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.643-654
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• 2018

In order to generate the stable tsunami in a numerical wave tank, a two-dimensional numerical model, LES-WASS-2D has been introduced the non-reflected wave generation system for various tsunami waveforms. And then, comparing to existing experimental results it is revealed that computed results of the LES-WASS-2D are in good agreement with the experimental results on spatial and temporal tsunami waveforms in the vicinity of a seawall. It is shown that the applied model in this study is applicable to the numerical simulations on tsunami overtopping and inundation. Using the numerical results, the characteristics of overtopping and inundation on a seawall are also discussed with volume ratio of tsunami and relative tsunami height. The wider the tsunami waveform, tsunami overtopping quantity and inundation distances are linearly increased. Therefore, the hydraulic characteristics is highly likely to be underestimated against the real tsunami if the solitary wave of approximation theory is applied for the overtopping/inundation simulations due to a tsunami.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns which are the main vertical structural members are exposed to several static and dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. However, impact loading that is sudden impulsive dynamic one is the most effective loading type acting on the RC columns. Impact load is a kind of impulsive dynamic load which is ignored in the design process of RC columns like other structural members. The behavior of reinforced concrete columns under impact loading is an area of research that is still not well understood; however, work in this area continues to be motivated by a broad range of applications. Examples include reinforced concrete structures designed to resist accidental loading scenarios such as falling rock impact; vehicle or ship collisions with buildings, bridges, or offshore facilities; and structures that are used in high-threat or high-hazard applications, such as military fortification structures or nuclear facilities. In this study, free weight falling test setup is developed to investigate the behavior effects on RC columns under impact loading. For this purpose, eight RC column test specimens with 1/3 scale are manufactured. While drop height and mass of the striker are constant, application point of impact loading, stirrup spacing and concrete compression strength are the experimental variables. The time-history of the impact force, the accelerations of two points and the displacement of columns were measured. The crack patterns of RC columns are also observed. In the light of experimental results, low-velocity impact behavior of RC columns were determined and interpreted. Besides, the finite element models of RC columns are generated using ABAQUS software. It is found out that proposed finite element model could be used for evaluation of dynamic responses of RC columns subjected to low-velocity impact load.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2003

Scaled model tests were carried out to investigate a seismic behavior of reinforced concrete piers with hollow-rectangular section that were not detailed for seismic load. Additional lateral reinforcing bars were not provided that might be required for confinement against earthquake load. Two kinds of reinforcement details were considered for the longitudinal reinforcing bars: lap-spliced and continuous. In the lap-spliced model all longitudinal bars were lapped at the same height in a bottom plastic hinge zone. In the other model all longitudinal bars extended continuously throughout the height. The constructed models were subjected to quasi-static cyclic lateral loading in the presence of the constant vertical load. Limited ductile behavior was observed in the test of lap-spliced model and more ductile behavior was observed in the test of a continuous longitudinal reinforcement model.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

In this study, the tests were carried out for the behavior according to method of constrained nail head of slope reinforced with soil nail under dynamic loading, by using shaking table. Shaking table tests were carried out by applying Hachinohe seismic wave having the long-period characteristics and Ofunato seismic wave having short-period characteristics, as changing constrained and unconstrained condition of nail head, and so on. Failure mode, ground acceleration characteristics, vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of slope were compared and analyzed on the basis of results obtained from the test. Results of carrying out shaking table test showed that both short-period wave and long-period wave had large effects on slope, and constraint of nail head was found to have large shear resistance for dynamic load. And it was confirmed that stability of slope under seismic loading was largely improved by constrained head of soil nail.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2011

In order to understand evaluation of the seismic stability of a fill dam, we made chambers of 1:100, 1:70, and 1:50 (the ratio of the miniature), considering the law of similarity based on drawings of three representative cross sections. And we measured an increase in acceleration, excess pore water pressure, and vertical/horizontal displacement after applying Hachinohe wave (long period), Ofunato wave (short period), and artificial wave, complying with the domestic standards, in order to evaluate the stability and interaction between the ground, the structure, and fluids based on the measurements. As a result, we could observe that displacement of the target cross section was relatively small compared to the allowed level of 30 cm, ensuring proper stability for an earthquake. Regarding the acceleration measurements, the increase rate was 20% for Hachinohe wave and Ofunato wave but 30% for the artificial wave. With respect to the excess pore water pressure, it was lower than 1 (which is the permissible ratio for liquefaction) ensuring proper stability as well.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.699-702
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• 2009

Currently many vessels determine an overhead obstruction by a rule of thumb based on their draft for maritime navigation. Therefore they doesn't have a good overhead obstruction clearance because vertical position of vessels varies on time by tidal. As a result, it is occurred maritime accidents that the mainmast of vessels is bumped against overhead facilities. And disaster by global warming and rising sea levels have increased casualties. So we feel keenly the necessity of warning system for not an earthquake but disaster wave such a tsunami. This paper analyzes a precise GPS ephemeris for maritime precise positioning to solve these problems. The precise GPS ephemeris provided by International GNSS service gives a difficulty to real-time application because of its sample interval. This paper proposes an effective interpolation method for real-time application, and it analyzes an accuracy of precise GPS ephemeris through an interpolation method.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2020

In this study, the dynamic response characteristics of the embankment model were analyzed using shaking table experiments. Laminar shear box was used to minimize the boundary effect of the model. The ratio of the vertical length to horizontal length of the slopes were 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. The sensor array which is consist of 12 accelerometers was used to measure acceleration time-histories at each location of the slope model. The dynamic response characteristics of the models were analyzed for sine wave, sinesweep wave, and artificial earthquake wave in this study. The experimental results show that the dynamic response of the embankment model is increased with the slope angle. Furthermore, the experimental setup used in this study was verified with the comparative analysis between experimental results and 1-D analytical simulation on the flat ground model.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1167-1184
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• 2015

Despite considerable life casualty and financial loss resulting from past earthquakes, many existing steel buildings are still seismically vulnerable as they have no lateral resistance or at least need some sort of retrofitting. Passive control methods with decreasing seismic demand and increasing ductility reduce rate of vulnerability of structures against earthquakes. One of the most effective and practical passive control methods is to use a shear panel system working as a ductile fuse in the structure. The shear Panel System, SPS, is located vertically between apex of two chevron braces and the flange of the floor beam. Seismic energy is highly dissipated through shear yielding of shear panel web while other elements of the structure remain almost elastic. In this paper, lateral behavior and related benefits of this system with narrow-flange link beams is experimentally investigated in chevron braced simple steel frames. For this purpose, five specimens with IPE (narrow-flange I section) shear panels were examined. All of the specimens showed high ductility and dissipated almost all input energy imposed to the structure. For example, maximum SPS shear distortion of 0.128-0.156 rad, overall ductility of 5.3-7.2, response modification factor of 7.1-11.2, and finally maximum equivalent viscous damping ratio of 35.5-40.2% in the last loading cycle corresponding to an average damping ratio of 26.7-30.6% were obtained. It was also shown that the beam, columns and braces remained elastic as expected. Considering this fact, by just changing the probably damaged shear panel pieces after earthquake, the structure can still be continuously used as another benefit of this proposed retrofitting system without the need to change the floor beam.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

Hollow slab is a floor system which reduces the load of vertical structural members and earthquake load by decreasing self-weight of slab. Although hollow slab can reduce self-weight of slab remarkably, flexural strength and shear strength reduce due to the hollow section inside the slab, so it is very important to predict structural behavior. In spite of plenty of domestic and foreign studies on hollow slab, there is a shortage of research on shear performance according to shear reinforcement of one-way hollow slab. Therefore, this study aims to verify the need for shear reinforcement of one-way hollow slab by analyzing failure modes of one-way hollow slab depending on the state of shear reinforcement and comparing shear strengths of estimation formula and experimental value with one another.