• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.47-51
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• 2003

Microfluidic chips such as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) include micro-channels for sample delivery, mixing, reaction, and separation. Pressure driven flow or electro-osmotic flow (EOF) has been usually employed to deliver bio-samples. Having some advantages of easy control, the flow characteristics of EOF in microchannels should be fully understood to effectively control the electro-osmotic pump for bio-sam-pie delivery. In this study, a micro PIV system with an epifluorescence inverted microscope and a cooled CCD was used to measure velocity fields of EOF in a glass microchannel and a PDMS microchannel. The EOF velocity fields were changed with respect to electric charge of seeding particles and microchannel materials used. The EOF has nearly uniform velocity distribution inside the microchannel when pressure gradient effect is negligible. The mean streamwise velocity is nearly proportional to the applied electric field. Glass microchannels give better repeatability in PIV results, compared with PDMS microchannels which are easy to fabricate and more suitable for PIV experiments.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The x-ray PIV method was improved for measuring quantitative velocity fields of real blood flows using a coherent synchrotron x-ray source. Without using any contrast media or seeding particles, this method can visualize flow pattern of blood by enhancing the phase-contrast and interference characteristics of blood cells based on a synchrotron x-ray imaging mechanism. The enhanced x-ray images were achieved by optimizing the sample-to-scintillator distance, the sample thickness, and hematocrit. The quantitative velocity fields of blood flows inside opaque tubes were obtained by applying a 2-frame PIV algorithm to the x-ray images of the blood flows. The measured velocity field data show typical features of blood flows such as the yield stress effect. The non-Newtonian flow characteristics of blood flows were analyzed using the x-ray PIV method and the experimental results were compared with hemodynamic models.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Flaw visualization and velocity field measurement methods have practical applications in the various fluid engineering fields, such as mechanics, ships, and heat fluids. In this study, the basic principles and theoretical methods are used to establish an application technique of Particle Imae Velocimetry(abbreviated to PIV below). Accordingly, the measured results of velocity field distribution of a section inside the Circulating Water Channel (abbreviated to CWC below) are computed using the PIV is presented. The uniformity of velocity distribution of the section in CWC is confirmed, by comparing this PIV data with the existing current meter data. Also, in order to measure the flaw fields of surroundings of 2-dimensional cylinder in the CWC, the flaw visualization technique using the PIV is applied.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.711-716
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• 2008

A circular tube undergoes bucking behavior when it is subjected to axial loading. An upper bound analysis can be an attractive approach to predict the buckling load and energy absorption efficiently. The upper bound analysis obtains the load or energy absorption by means of assumption of the kinematically admissible velocity fields. In order to obtain an accurate solution, kinematically admissible velocity fields should be defined by considering many factors such as geometrical parameters, dynamic effect, etc. In this study, experiments and finite element analyses are carried out for circular tubes with various dimensions and loading conditions. As a result, the kinematically admissible velocity field is newly proposed in order to consider various dimensions and the strain rate effect of material. The upper bound analysis with the suggested velocity field accurately estimates the mean load and energy absorption obtained from results of experiment and finite element analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.205-209
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• 1994

The main purpose of this study is constructing new velocity fields on the base of shape function used in finite element method and showing the possibility of application it to metal forming processes. Utilizing the 8-node quadratic rectangular element, we expressed the velocity within the deformation region by interpolating the velocity of each nodal points. And the upper-bound formulation from this velocity fields was derived. In order to confirm the validity of this method we applied it to axisymmetic combined extrusion problem. the results of load show that this method is on better agreement with experiment than the conventional UBET, and also the flow pattern and profile of extruded part are reasonable.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

We present an improved Lagrangian vortex method in 2-D incompressible unsteady viscous flows, which is based on a mesh-free integral approach of the velocity-vorticity formulation. Vorticity fields are represented by discrete vortex blobs that are updated by the Lagrangian vorticity transport with the particle strength exchange scheme. Velocity fields are expressed in a form of the Helmholtz decomposition, which are calculated by a fast algorithm of the Biot-Savart integration with a smoothed kernel and by a well-established panel method. No-slip condition is enforced through viscous diffusion of vorticity from a solid body into field. The vorticity flux is determined in such a way that spurious slip velocity vanishes. Through the comparison with the existing finite volume scheme for the transient vortical flows around an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number Re=550, we would obtain a more accurate scheme for vortex methods in complicated flows.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

A vorticity-velocity integro-differential formulation of incompressible Wavier-Stokes equations is described, focusing on a scheme for calculating pressure fields in application of the Lagrangian vortex method in connection with panel methods. It deals with the dynamic coupling among velocity, vorticity and pressure, and the Helmholtz decomposition of the velocity field, through a comparative study with the Eulerian finite volume method, we provide an extensive understanding of the Lagrangian vortex methods for numerical simulations of viscous flows around arbitrary bodies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.55.2-55.2
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• 2017

We present a numerical code for the random scattering histories of Lyman alpha photons in the intergalactic medium. The numerical code calculates the radiative transfer under generic three dimensional density, ionization fraction, and peculiar velocity fields based on N-body + radiation transfer simulations of the epoch of reionization. The code is tested with models having analytical solutions, which have idealized geometry and simplified velocity fields. The emergent line profiles can give constraints to the ionization structure around Lyman alpha sources in the early universe.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1716-1723
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• 2003

A stereoscopic PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) technique was employed to measure the 3 dimensional flow structure of turbulent wake behind a marine propeller with 5 blades. The out-of-plane velocity component was determined using two CCD cameras with the angular displacement configuration. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured for each of four different blade phases and ensemble averaged to investigate the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the near-wake region from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter(D) downstream. The phase-averaged velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake developed along the blade surfaces. Tip vortices were generated periodically and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The out-of-plane velocity component and strain rate have large values at the locations of tip and trailing vortices. As the flow goes downstream, the turbulence intensity, the strength of tip vortices and the magnitude of out-of-plane velocity component at trailing vortices are decreased due to viscous dissipation, turbulence diffusion and blade-to-blade interaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 2000

The flow structure around a rotating axial-fan was experimentally investigated using a phase averaging velocity field measurement technique. The fan blades were divided into 4 different phases, for which 500 velocity fields were acquired for each phase angle with a 2-frame PTV system. Velocity field measurements were also carried out at two planes parallel to the axis of rotation, with offsets toward the radial direction of the fan. For accurate synchronization of the PTV system with the phase of the axial fan, two synchronization circuits were employed with a photo-detector attached to the rotating shaft. The phase averaged velocity fields show periodic variations with respect to the blade phase. The periodic formation of vortices at the blade tip is also observed in vorticity contour plots. Locations of local maximum turbulence intensities in the axial and radial directions are found to be located in an alternating pattern. These experimental results can be used to validate numerical calculations and to understand the flow characteristics of an axial fan.