• 농촌계획
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop a precise vegetation cover classification model for small streams using the combination of drone remote sensing and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. The chosen study area was the Idong stream, nestled within Geosan-gun, Chunbuk, South Korea. The initial stage involved image acquisition through a fixed-wing drone named ebee. This drone carried two sensors: the S.O.D.A visible camera for capturing detailed visuals and the Sequoia+ multispectral sensor for gathering rich spectral data. The survey meticulously captured the stream's features on August 18, 2023. Leveraging the multispectral images, a range of vegetation indices were calculated. These included the widely used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) that factors in soil background, and the normalized difference water index (NDWI) for identifying water bodies. The third stage saw the development of an SVM model based on the calculated vegetation indices. The RBF kernel was chosen as the SVM algorithm, and optimal values for the cost (C) and gamma hyperparameters were determined. The results are as follows: (a) High-Resolution Imaging: The drone-based image acquisition delivered results, providing high-resolution images (1 cm/pixel) of the Idong stream. These detailed visuals effectively captured the stream's morphology, including its width, variations in the streambed, and the intricate vegetation cover patterns adorning the stream banks and bed. (b) Vegetation Insights through Indices: The calculated vegetation indices revealed distinct spatial patterns in vegetation cover and moisture content. NDVI emerged as the strongest indicator of vegetation cover, while SAVI and NDWI provided insights into moisture variations. (c) Accurate Classification with SVM: The SVM model, fueled by the combination of NDVI, SAVI, and NDWI, achieved an outstanding accuracy of 0.903, which was calculated based on the confusion matrix. This performance translated to precise classification of vegetation, soil, and water within the stream area. The study's findings demonstrate the effectiveness of drone remote sensing and SVM techniques in developing accurate vegetation cover classification models for small streams. These models hold immense potential for various applications, including stream monitoring, informed management practices, and effective stream restoration efforts. By incorporating images and additional details about the specific drone and sensors technology, we can gain a deeper understanding of small streams and develop effective strategies for stream protection and management.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2014

본 연구는 황폐계류 복원지의 식생변화에 대한 시계열 분석을 통하여 복원기법 및 효과에 대해 고찰하고자 수행 되었으며, 수질정화습지와 월류보, 수생식물 복원지에서 복원 전, 후 식생변화를 2년간 모니터링 하였다. 복원 1년 후 월류보에서 초본류 증가와 수질정화습지에서 줄풀의 피복도 증가가 조사되었다. 식생 피복률은 복원직후 10~30% 감소되었고, 복원 1년 후 복원 전 수준으로 조사 되었다. 황폐계류 복원지의 식생변화는 복원 후 1년 경과시점부터 서식종수, 귀화률, 피복률이 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.46-56
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• 2008

This study examined the natural restoration of vegetation through monitoring of the development of a vegetation community from 2006 through 2007 after a forest fire. Approximately 5,000 $m^2$ in a forest near Topyeon-ri, Kangnae-myeon, Chungcheongbuk-do with Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation had been completely burned by a fire in April 2005. This area and another nearby Japanese red pine forest were selected as the experiment site and the control site, respectively. Vegetation survey was conducted at the experiment site and the control site. A seed bank experiment was carried out in the greenhouse to examine underground vegetation. Effective microorganism(EM) was applied to the seed bank experiment to estimate its effects on the direction of ecological succession. According to the results, a total of 36 plant species including shrub and herbaceous species were discovered in the experiment site. Quercus serrata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, and Castanea crenata, Rubus crataegifolius, Oplismenus undulatifolius, and Carex lanceolata were among the most abundant species. Biomass in the experiment site reached 2.4 times biomass than those in the control site, indicating the productivities of shrub and herbaceous layers are better in the experiment site. According to the result of the soil seed bank experiment of the experiment site, a total of 182 plants of 14 species were recorded. In addition, a total of 13 plants of 2 species were found from soil seed bank of the experiment site applied by EM. If EM is applied to the burned site, it will control the budding of herbaceous plants, creating the gap between herbaceous plants. This loss of competition is expected to help the restoration of trees in the burned area.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2017

식생의 기후 적응력은 지역에 따른 상황 및 공간적 패턴이 다르게 나타나기 때문에 픽셀 스케일의 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상 기반 식생지수에 대해 PLS 회귀분석을 적용하여 식생의 생산성에 영향을 미치는 기후요인을 평가하고 남한지역의 미래 산림 생산성을 예측하였다. 그 결과, 최고강수분기의 평균기온(Bio8), 최저강수분기의 평균기온(Bio9), 최저강수월의 강수량(Bio14) 변수가 식생의 생산성에 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 미래 기후시나리오 자료를 이용하여 예측된 2050년의 식생 생산성은 전체적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 고지대에서 크게 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 기후에 민감한 지역의 식생에 대한 생산성 모니터링과 미래 기후변화로 인한 산림 탄소 저장량의 변화를 평가하는데 있어 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

In this study vegetation structure was monitored focusing on slanting surface of stream for the purpose of developing a management plan and ecological restoration of small stream in Paju. The study was conducted by types of geographical structure, yearly flora, naturalization rate changes, actual vegetation changes, plant community changes. Slope area of small stream in Paju was varied in the slope range of $10{\sim}35^{\circ}$. The survey results of yearly flora showed that 37 species appeared in 2000, 55 species in 2001, 95 species in 2002, and 125 species in 2003. Therefore, the trend of continuous increase of flora each year was observed. In the case of yearly changes of actual vegetation, indigenous wetland herb community including Phragmites communis$(19.99%{\rightarrow}18.42%{\rightarrow}19.60%)$ did not show substantial changes in the area, while the influence of controlled flora such as Humulus scandens$(8.86%{\rightarrow}5.26%{\rightarrow}9.73%)$, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia$(1.06%{\rightarrow}1.43%{\rightarrow}6.93%)$ were increased. The vegetation structure investigated by 18 preset belt-transects also indicated that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were maintaining the status or decreasing the population, while the population of Humulus scandens, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Setaria viridis, and Erigeron canadensis were greatly increased. Our proposal management to restore ecology is as follows: first, preservation and restoration of Phragmites communis landscape; second, restoration of potential stream vegetation community; third, selection and removal of controlled plants.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1998

This study was performed to build up the ecological guidelines to grasp the structure of the vegetation change which is due to river rehabilitation. Anyway, river ecosystem and function has been destroyed owing to river development. It is important that river vegetation supplies ecological corridor and biotope. Two survey sites(Wonsungcheon and Pungseocheon)were investigated in the aspect of plant ecosystem and structure to settle the practical concept of river ecosystem. Each survey site was subdivided to five plots. The site was surveyed through the belttransect method. Wonsungcheon gets more seriously polluted as it runs to the urban area. In other words, there are On the other hand, Pungseocheon has more naturality but its downstream is under the pressure of various wood plants in the upstream area, but downstream area is dominated by naturalized plants such as Bidens frondosa, Panicum dichotomiflorum, etc. Riverbank of downstream has been changed into farm and parking lot. development. It should be preserved definitely because it still has abundant naturality and wetland which formed a biotope. The objective of the research is to find out the river retrogression and maintenance methods based on the riparian vegetation structure. To manage the river ecologically, hydrophytes should be induced partly for natural purification after the riverside is rehabilitated. The vegetation should be induced step by step to restore natural river and steady monitoring and research are required.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

This study was conducted on the field application for a method which is currently used. Although the method was performed with experimental knowledge, this study attempted to approach scientific ways through thirty sets of test-bed and three times monitoring limited by control variations for three months. The factors on previous studies are slope location, slope degree, type (roadfill vs. roadcut), aspect, vegetation cover, species, thickness, vertical length, horizontal length, soil type, elevation, erosion, soil-moisture, soil-hardness, pH, and so on. However, the factors of a suitable and significant level are slope degree, type, aspect, thickness, soil-moisture, vertical length and horizontal length in slope revegetation. the results were as follows : As a result of survey on soil types based on the status before construction, the rate of vegetation cover with non-mesh construction in soil areas was better than the rate of vegetation cover with fiber meshes and wire meshes. The rate of vegetation cover with fiber meshes in weathered rocks was better than using wire meshes. The rate of vegetation cover with the wire meshes in blasted rocks was better than using fiber meshes. Also, the factors affecting the rate of vegetation cover presented the number of appearance species, soil-moisture, thickness. this result presented the more appearance species as a positive role, and the lower soil-moisture and the thicker soil as a negative role.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

우리나라의 아고산대는 기후변화에 지역적 취약성을 띄는 지역으로, 아고산대의 산림식생은 기후변화에 따른 영향을 관찰할 수 있는 중요한 기초지표 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 지리산 아고산대의 기후변화 취약수종 분포지의 산림식생을 대상으로 하여 식물사회학적 식생 유형 및 희귀-특산식물 분포 특성에 대해 구명하였다. 2015년 3월부터 10월까지 37개소에서 식생조사를 실시하였고, 식물사회학적 식생유형 분류를 통해 종조성을 파악하고, 종의 우점도를 파악하기 위해 중요치를 이용하여 식생유형별 층위구조를 분석하였다. 그 결과 식생유형분류체계는 8개 종군유형과 5개의 식생단위로 구분되었다. 산림청 지정 특산식물은 9분류군, 희귀식물은 17분류군이 출현하였고, 북방계식물의 비율은 41.2%이며, 식생단위별 해발고도가 증가함에 따라 희귀-특산식물도 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 중요치 분석 결과, 구상나무는 모든 식생단위에서 평균상대우점치가 높게 나타났다. 또한 층위별로 보았을 때 식생단위 1을 제외한 단위들에서는 신갈나무, 당단풍나무 등의 수종과 경쟁관계에 놓여 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화로 인한 아고산대 산림식생의 변화를 이해하기 위한 기초 자료 뿐만 아니라 식생학적 접근을 통한 장기 모니터링의 기초지표로 활용될 것으로 판단되었다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2020

A study was conducted to present the criteria for evaluating the revegetation method of the slope of the expressway. The results of comparative analysis between 2019-2020 field survey and existing research data (2015-2016) are as follows. Soil is a very important factor at the beginning of revegetation work. However, after the plant has settled, the importance of the soil composition diminishes. Among the plants used, the number of plants sown at the beginning gradually decreases. And it changes as it competes with invading plants. Among the plants used for sowing, it was found to affect the vegetation composition in the order of exotic grass > native herb and wildflower > native tree. Plant coverage is continuously evaluated as an important factor regardless of the time. The vegetation structure on the slope will change continuously over time. New items need to be evaluated in situations where a lot of time has elapsed since the application of revegetation work. It is desirable to use the current evaluation standard only to perform the evaluation within 1 to 2 years. In the long run, it is necessary to establish a new evaluation standard that adjusts the weights of each item.