• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.377-390
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• 2020

URBAN ECOLOGICAL MAPS must be created by local governments by NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION ACT, and the maps are generally called biotope map. So far, biotope maps study was a tendency to focus on the type of vegetation, naturalness, land use, landscape ecology theories. However, biotope related studies have not reflected the concept of animal habitat, which is a component of biotope, and that is the limitation of biotope map research. This study suggest a methodology to predict potential habitats for fauna using machine learning to quantify habitat values. The potential habitats of fauna were predicted by spatial statistics using machine learning, and the results were converted into species richness. For biotope type assessments, we classified biotope values into vegetation value and habitat value and evaluated them using a matrix for value summation. The vegetation value was divided into 5 stages based on vegetation nature and land use, and the habitat value was classified into five stages by predicting the species richness predicted by machine learning. This is meaningful because our research can positively reflect the results of field surveys of fauna that were negatively reflected in the evaluation of biotope types in the past. Therefore, in the future, if the biotope map manual is revised, our methodology should be applied.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

Natural Vegetation cover, which is very important earth resource, has been significantly altered by humans in some manner. Since this has currently resulted in a significant effect on global climate, various studies on vegetation environment including forest have been performed and the results are utilized in policy decision making. Remotely sensed data can detect, identify and map vegetation cover change based on the analysis of spectral characteristics and thus are vigorously utilized for monitoring vegetation resources. Among various vegetation indices extracted from spectral reponses of remotely sensed data, NDVI is the most popular index which provides a measure of how much photosynthetically active vegetation is present in the scene. In this study, for change detection in vegetation cover, a Multi-layer Perceptron Network (MLPN) as a nonparametric approach has been designed and applied to MODIS/Aqua vegetation indices 16-day L3 global 250m SIN Grid(v005) (MYD13Q1) data. The feature vector for change detection is constructed with the direct NDVI diffenrence at a pixel as well as the differences in some subset of NDVI series data. The research covered 5 years (2006-20110) over Korean peninsular.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.333-341
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• 2005

The Wonhyo tunnel section of the Gyeongbu line for KTX, which will be driven through the Cheonseongsan, has the opposing opinions between conservation and development. To investigate the vegetation structure of the Cheonseongsan area, sixty five plots(unit: $100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The analysis results of the actual vegetation map was showing that the conifer-deciduous and deciduous community is $53\%$, And DGN 8 was $86.88\%$ in the analysis of Degree of Green Naturality. Five representative communities which are conifer-deciduous, de-ciduous, Pinus densiflora -Quercus dentata, P. densiflora-Q. acutissima and Q. dentata community, were investigated on a species composition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.34-36
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• 1998

In Korea, the initial installation of GIS requires lots of cost, time, and human efforts, If the accuracy of GIS data does not meet the certain standard for use, the system may not work as expected. So, it needs to be investigated for the accuracy of raw data. However, there is little study for the accuracy of raw data in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the data accuracy of raw data - geologic map, 1:5,000 and 1:25,000 scale topographic map, forest stand map, degree of green naturality(DGN) map, and detailed survey data of DGN map - for fulfilling the expected use in Korea. After this study, some errors in data were surveyed and following conclusions were derived. (1) There is a lack of data, e. g, wildlife habitat map. (2) Some data are misinterpreted depending on the location in the geologic map. (3) Some data are not updated after change of topography in the topographic map. (4) Some data are not edited properly in the forest stand map. (4) DGN classification system does not reflect the characteristic of Korean vegetation community. So, it needs to be refined and restructured.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In order to prepare a basis for ecological restoration of the Seoul Metropolitan area, ecological diagnoses on soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation structure were carried out. Land use patterns, actual vegetation, and biotope patterns were also investigated based on aerial photograph interpretation and field checks. I formulated landscape elements overlaying those data and evaluated the ecological value of each element. Soil pollution was evaluated by analyzing soil samples collected in each grid on the mesh map, divided by 2km $\times$ 2km intervals. Soil samples were collected in forests or grasslands escaped from direct human interference. Soil pollution evaluated from pH, and SO$_4$, Ca, Mg, and Al contents of soil was more severe in the urban outskirts than in the urban center. Those soil environmental factors showed significant correlation with each other. Vegetation in the urban area was different in species composition from that in suburban areas and showed lower diversity compared with that in the suburban areas. Successional process investigated by population structure of major species also showed a difference. That is, successional trend was normal in suburban areas, but that in urban areas showed a retrogressive pattern. The landscape ecological map of Seoul indicates that the urban center lacks vegetation and greenery space is restricted in urban outskirts. Such an uneven distribution of vegetation has caused a specific urban climate and thereby contributed to aggravation of air and soil pollution, furthermore causing vegetation decline. From this result, it was estimated that such uneven distribution of vegetation functioned as a trigger factor to deteriorate the urban environment. I suggested, therefore, a restoration plan based on landscape ecological principles, which emphasizes connectivity and even distribution of green areas throughout the whole area of the Seoul to solve this complex environmental problem. In this restoration plan, first of all, I decided the priority order for connection of the fragmented greenery spaces based on the distances from the core reserves comprised of green belt and rivers, which play roles as habitats of wildlife as well as for improvement of urban environment. Next, I prepared methods to restore each landscape element included in the paths of green network to be constructed in the future on the bases of such preferential order. Rivers and roads, which hold good connectivity, were chosen as elements to play important roles in constructing green network by linking the fragmented greenery spaces.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

This study estimated potential natural vegetation in Gayasan National Park through the occurrence probability distribution by using geographic information system (GIS). in Gayasan National Park. Correlation and factor analysis were analyzed to estimate probability distribution. The presence of the Gaya National Park Vegetation survey results showed that 128 communities were distributed. The analyzed relationship between actual vegetation and distribution factors such as elevation, aspect, slope, topographic index, annual mean temperature, warmth index and potential evapotranspiration in Gayasan national park. The probability distribution of potential natural vegetation communities at least 0.3 odds were the advent of Pinus densiflora communities with the highest 55.80%, Quercus mongolica community is 44.05%, 0.09% is Quercus acutissima communities, Quercus variabilis communities are found to be 0.06%. If you want to limit the factors that affect the distribution of vegetation by factors presented in this study, the potential natural vegetation of the Gaya National Park was expected to appear in Quercus mongolica community (43.1%) and Pinus densiflora communities (56.9%).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.109-122
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• 1988

The foret vegetations of Daedunsan provincial park area in Korea were classified into eight communities of Acer mono-Zelkova serrata, Lindera erythrocarpa-Cornus controversa, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, Rhododendron schlippenbachii-Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron mucronu-latum-Pinus densiflora by the Z-M method. By two dimensional analysis of temperature, moisture gradients, the eight communities were grouped into four vegetation types: cove forest dominated with Zelkova serrata and Cornus controversa, hornbeam forest with Carpinus tschonoskii and Carpinus laxiflora, oak forest with Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Zelkova serrta and Pinus densiflora community was made from the analysis of actual vegetation map by the phytosociological classification, environmental conditions and human interferences.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2021

This study was conducted to develop a habitat type classification system and its map based on the ecological characteristics of species, spatial type, vegetation, topography, and geological conditions preferred by species. To evaluate the relationships between species and their habitats in Korean national parks, we prepared a classification standard table for systematic classification of habitat types. This classification system divides habitats into 6 low-level and 59 mid-level ecological classes based on habitat structure. The mid-level system divided forest ecosystems into 20 subtypes, stream and wetland ecosystems into 8 types, coastal ecosystems into 7 types, arable land into 6 types, development land into 9 types, and 1 type of marine ecosystem. A habitat classification map was drawn utilizing square images, detailed vegetation maps, and forest stand maps, based on the above habitat classification system, and it covered 1,461 plots spanning 21 national parks. The habitat classification system and survey protocol, which consider domestic habitat conditions, should be further developed and applied to habitat assessment, to enhance the utility of this study.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

Land cover (LC) is an important factor in socioeconomic and environmental studies. According to various studies, a number of LC maps, including global land cover (GLC) datasets, are made using polar orbit satellite data. Due to the insufficiencies of reference datasets in Northeast Asia, several LC maps display discrepancies in that region. In this paper, we performed a feasibility assessment of LC mapping using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data over Northeast Asia. To produce the LC map, the GOCI normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used as an input dataset and a level-2 LC map of South Korea was used as a reference dataset to evaluate the LC map. In this paper, 7 LC types(urban, croplands, forest, grasslands, wetlands, barren, and water) were defined to reflect Northeast Asian LC. The LC map was produced via principal component analysis (PCA) with K-means clustering, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. The overall accuracy was calculated to be 77.94%. Furthermore, to assess the accuracy of the LC map not only in South Korea but also in Northeast Asia, 6 GLC datasets (IGBP, UMD, GLC2000, GlobCover2009, MCD12Q1, GlobeLand30) were used as comparison datasets. The accuracy scores for the 6 GLC datasets were calculated to be 59.41%, 56.82%, 60.97%, 51.71%, 70.24%, and 72.80%, respectively. Therefore, the first attempt to produce the LC map using geostationary satellite data is considered to be acceptable.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2003

In order to determine the degree of anthropogenic disturbance potentiality (ADP) of the area a rapid ecoassessment technique was developed on the basis of actual vegetation map. ADP degree of relevant unit cell was computed by using four criteria of land use patterns such as forested area, open water and stream, agricultural area, and urbanized area. Ultimate ADP degree of each cell was obtained by means of direct and indirect computation process. Finally the map of ADP was drawn and analyzed. Vulnerable cell and disturbance nuclei were determined according to disturbance vector which is a kind of potential disturbance pressure of relevant cell influenced by surrounding cell. A case study was accomplished in the Gijang area of Pusan metropolitan city. 973 meshes (500m×500m) were analyzed and a total of 79 meshes were currently threatened. Present technique of rapid ecoassessment was practically useful for diagnosing and planning land use.