• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.551-563
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• 2008

본 연구는 소백산국립공원 천문대${\sim}$비로봉 구간의 식생복원 및 지속적 모니터링을 위해 구간내 탐방로 주변 현존식생과 식생구조를 분석하였다. 현존식생은 총 18개 유형으로 구분되었으며 이중 신갈나무군집이 $225,337m^2$로 가장 넓은 면적이었고 능선부 탐방로 주변을 중심으로 분포하는 철쭉꽃은 14.59%, 낙엽활엽수군집은 11.06%이었다. 현존식생을 고려하여 총 23개의 Belt-transect(BT)를 설치하였으며 신갈나무군집내에 9개소, 낙엽활엽수군집내에 3개소, 주목 군집내에 2개소, 훼손복원지내에 9개소를 설정하였다. 신갈나무군집내에 설정한 9개소는 종다양도 $0.4290{\sim}1.0496$, 종수 $7{\sim}22$종, 개체수$115{\sim}481$개체이었고 낙엽활엽수군집내에 설정한 3개 BT의 경우 종다양도 $0.6712{\sim}1.0096$ 종수 $14{\sim}17$종, 개체수 $158{\sim}453$개체이었다. 주목군집내에 설정한 2개 BT는 종다양도 $0.5413{\sim}0.9923$, 종수 $14{\sim}15$종, 개체수 $223{\sim}406$개체이었다. 훼손복원지내에 설정한 9개 BT는 종다양도 $0.1899{\sim}0.9217$, 종수 $3{\sim}23$종, 개체수 $105{\sim}485$개체이었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

Green roofs can reduce surface water runoff, provide a habitat for wildlife moderate the urban heat island effect, improve building insulation and energy efficiency, improve the air quality, create aesthetic and amenity value, and preserve the roof's waterproofing. Green roofs are mainly divided into three types : intensive, simple-intensive, and extensive. Especially, extensive roof environment is a harsh one for plant growth; limited water availability, wide temperature fluctuations, high exposure to wind and solar radiation create highly stressed environment. This study, aimed at extensive green roof, was carried out on the rooftop of the library at Seoul Women's Univ. from October to November, 2012 and from March to August, 2013. To suggest the most effective vegetation model for biodiversity and heat island mitigation, surface temperatures were monitored by each vegetation model. We found that herbaceous plants of Aster sphathulifolius, Aceriphyllum rossii and Belamcanda chinensis, shrub of Syringa patula 'Miss Kim', Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica, Sedum species can mixing each other. Among them, the vegetation models including Sedum takesimense, Aster sphathulifolius, Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica was more effective on the surface temperature mitigation, because the species have the tolerance and high ratio of covering, and also in water. Especially, in the treatment of bark mulching, they helped to increase the temperature of vegetation models. In the case of summer, temperature mitigation of vegetation models were no significant difference among vegetation types. Compared to surface temperature of June, July and August were apparent impact of temperature mitigation, it shows that temperature mitigation are strongly influenced by substrate water content.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2021

Sanankerto is one of pilot projects for tourism villages in Indonesia due to its natural tourism potential with a 24-ha bamboo forest located in Boon Pring Andeman area. However, the distribution of existing bamboo has never been identified or mapped. Thus, the mana gement is facing difficulty in planning and developing tourism potential as well as spatial management in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the structure of bamboo vegetation in the Boon Pring Tourism village an d to perform vegetation mapping. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a cluster sampling technique (i.e., a two-stage cluster) covering an area of ± 10 ha. Bamboo vegetation analysis was performed by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Species Richness index (R). Data were collected through observation and interviews with local people and the manager to determine zonation division. Mapping of bamboo vegetation based on zoning was processed into thematic maps using ArcG is 10.3. Micro climatic factors were measured with three replications for each sub -cluster. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Nine species of bamboo identified. Diversity, evenness, and species richness indices differed at each location. Activities of local communities, tourists, and manager determined the presence, number, and distribution of bamboo species. These bamboo distribution maps in three zoning (utilization, buffer, and core) can be used by manager for planning and developing natural tourism potential.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2023

The extent of change in the Land use/Land cover (LULC) of Okomu National Park (ONP) and fringe communities was evaluated. High resolution Landsat imagery was used to identify the major vegetation cover/land use systems and changes around the national park and fringe communities while field visits/ground truthing, involving the collection of coordinates of the locations was carried out to ascertain the various land cover/land use types identified on the images, and the extent of change over three-time series (2000, 2010 and 2020). The change detection was analyzed using area calculation, change detection by nature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The result of the classification and analysis of the LULC Change of ONP and fringe communities revealed an alarming rate of encroachment into the protected area. All the classification features analyzed had notable changes from 2000-2020. The forest, which was the dominant LULC feature in 2000, covering about 66.19% of the area reduced drastically to 36.12% in 2020. Agricultural land increased from 6.14% in 2000 to 34.06% in 2020 while vegetation (degraded land) increased from 27.18% in 2000 to 38.89% in 2020. The magnitude of the change in ONP and surroundings showed the forest lost -247.136 km² (50.01%) to other land cover classes with annual rate change of 10%, implying that 10% of forest land was lost annually in the area for 20 years. The NDVI classification values of 2020 indicate that the increase in medium (399.62 km² ) and secondary high (210.17 km² ) vegetation classes which drastically reduced the size of the high (38.07 km² ) vegetation class. Consequent disappearance of the high forests of Okomu is inevitable if this trend of exploitation is not checked. It is pertinent to explore other forest management strategies involving community participation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a new and yet constantly developing part of forest inventory studies and vegetation-monitoring fields. Covering large areas, their extensive usage has saved time and money for researchers and conservationists to survey vegetation for various data analyses. Post-processing imaging software has improved the effectiveness of UAVs further by providing 3D models for accurate visualization of the data. We focus on determining the coniferous tree coverage to show the current advantages and disadvantages of the orthorectified 2D and 3D models obtained from the image photogrammetry software, Pix4Dmapper Pro-Non-Commercial. We also examine the methodology used for mapping the study site, additionally investigating the spread of coniferous trees. The collected images were transformed into 2D black and white binary pixel images to calculate the coverage area of coniferous trees in the study site using MATLAB. The research was able to conclude that the 3D model was effective in perceiving the tree composition in the designated site, while the orthorectified 2D map is appropriate for the clear differentiation of coniferous and deciduous trees. In its conclusion, the paper will also be able to show how UAVs could be improved for future usability.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

증발산 현상은 중요한 수문순환과정 중의 하나로서 지상의 수분으로부터 발생하는 증발과 식물의 잎에서 발생하는 증산 과정을 합한 것이다. 증발산량을 산정하는 방법은 토양수분으로부터 간접적으로 추출하는 방법, 증발산량계에 의한 직접 추출방법 및 물수지 혹은 에너지수지를 이용하는 방법 등 매우 다양하다. 그러나 이러한 방법을 이용하여 지형 및 식생 등을 포함하는 지역적 특성을 고려하여 정확한 증발산량을 산정한다는 것은 대단히 어려운 일이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인공위성 자료를 활용하여 지역적 특성을 고려한 증발산량 산정 모형의 개발을 목표로 하고 있다. 증발산현상은 기상조건에 큰 영향을 받으며, 그 기상조건은 그 지역의 식생피복 및 식생 성장에 많은 영향을 주게 된다. 이러한 점에서 식생정보는 그 지역의 복잡한 기상정보의 이력을 포함하고 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 식생지표와 증발산량과의 사이에는 높은 상관관계가 성립한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 NOAA/AVHRR 자료에서 얻어진 정규화식생지수(NDVI)를 이용하여 우리나라 전역에 대한 증발산량 산정 모형을 개발하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.404-411
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• 2011

본 연구는 지속가능한 옥상녹화 식재계획을 위하여 관리조방형 옥상녹화 식재식물에 대한 다년간 조사결과를 토대로 피복률 변화의 양상을 분석하고 피복특성을 유형화하였다. 실험대상지는 2007년에 조성된 서울여자대학교 행정관 옥상녹화지이며 식물은 기린초 등을 포함한 4종류의 세덤류와 층꽃나무 등 다년생 초화류 14종을 포함하여 총 18종 이식재되었다. 식재식물 피복변화 모니터링은 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년간 실시하였다. 조사결과 피복률은 식재 후2년이 경과한 2008년에는 전반적으로 안정세를 보이거나 다소 증가한 반면 2009년 들어서는 세덤류와 섬백리향 등총 6종을 제외하고는 대다수 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 피복양상을 관찰한 결과 크게 4가지 유형으로 식재지유지형, 인접지역 잠식형, 포복 확산형, 산발 확산형으로 분류하였다. 또한 주요기간의 피복률 데이터를 종속변수로 하여 식재후 경과 시간과 단순회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 최종적으로 총 8종에서 통계적 유의수준 하에서 피복률 변화양상 예측모델이 도출되었다. 향후 다양한 식물들에 대한 장기적인 피복특성 모니터링을 통해 지속가능한 옥상녹화 식재계획을 위한 다양한 식물정보 구축이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

인천 영종도와 영유도를 잇는 새로운 간척지에 건설되고 있는 인천국제공의 녹지 조경 식재 지반을 조성하는 데 필요한 기술적 지표와 효율적 관리 방안을 마련하기 위한 현지 연구가 1996년 6월부터 1998년 6월까지 24개월간 수행되었다. 인천국제공항 건설 부지 중 1995년 8월에 매립이 완료된 여객터미날 주차장 예정지에 8 ha의 시험포장을 조성하였다. 갯벌 지역에 대한 연구를 위하여 자생잔디 보호 구역 부근에 염생 식물 종자 채취 구역을 별도로 1.5ha 조성하였다. 조성된 $492{\times}190m^2$의 시험 포장에 암거 배수의 효과 및 적절한 배수 간격을 설정하기 위해 무암거배수구(A), 암거 간격 45m구(B), 암거간격 22.5m구(C)를 설치하였다. 배수 시설은 처리는 단반복으로 하였다. 토양 개량을 위한 식재 지반 처리는 준설 모래로 매립하여 지균작업을 하여 매립고를 맞춘 무처리를 두고, 산토 5-cm 복토구와 20-cm 복토구 처리, 화학비료 사용과 유기질비료의 시용, 인공 토양 조성구, 그리고 보습재의 처리 등을 조합하여 17개 처리를 하였다. 식재된 잔디는 5종으로 한국형 잔디로 들잔디, 영종도 자생 갯잔디, 도입 한지형 잔디로 한지형 혼파I(tall fescue 30%, kentucky blue grass 40%, perenial ryegrass 30%), 한지형 혼파II(tall fescue 40%, perenial ryegrass 20%, fine fescue 20%, alkaligrass 20%)이었다. 시험 포장의 토성은 모래로 염농도가 높았고, 유기물 함량과 비료 성분 함량이 낮아 비옥도가 낮은 토양이었다. 투수속도는 빠른 토양이었다. 암거 배수 후 제염은 빨랐다. 잔디 식재 후 암거 배수 처리간에는 토양의 투수속도가 매우 빠른 때문으로 잔디 생육도에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 토양 개량 처리에 따른 잔디의 피복도와 생육도를 비교한 결과 들잔디 영양체 식재구가 가장 좋았고, 한국잔디도 양호하였다. 양종도 자생 갯잔디의 피복도와 생육도는 이들보다 떨어졌다. 도입 잔디 한지형 혼파는 한국잔디 영양체 식재구에 비하여 떨어졌는 데, 이는 여양체 증식과 파종의 차이로 판단된다. 산토 20cm 복토구와 5cm 복토구의 잔디 생육을 비교한 결과 한국잔디 생육은 20cm복토구에서 좋았으나, 화하비료 사용시 도입 잔디 혼파구에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 토양 개량재 시용구와 화학비료 시용구간에 큰 생육의 차이가 없었다. 축분 유기질 비료의 사용구는 화학비료 사용구에 비하여 한국잔디 영양체 식재에는 효과가 있었으나, 도입잔디 혼파에는 차이가 없었다. 보슘재 처리는 무처리에 비해 효과가 있었고, 산토 복토 보다는 미흡하나, 큰 차이는 없어, 산토 부족시 대체 효과가 있었다. 이 연구의 결과 인천공항 착륙대 잔디 식재 지반 조성에는 준설토 특성 상 암거 배수는 불필요하며, 토양 개량에는 한국 잔디 영양체가 식재에 산토 5-cm를 복토하면 충분한 것으로 판단되었다. 이와 함께 축분 발효 퇴비와 복합비료 기비가 필요하며, 고밀도의 잔디가 요구되는 곳에서는 산토 20cm 복토가 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.