• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2014

This study was carried out to examine the authenticity discrimination of circulated vegetable oils by using carbon isotope ratio (${\delta}^{13}C$) and fatty acid composition. This analysis was applied to vegetable oils which we can buy in Korean markets, and the analytical instrument was measured by using EA-IR/MS for ${\delta}^{13}C$ and GC/FID for fatty acid composition. ${\delta}^{13}C$ was separated into 3 groups as $C_3$ plant including sesame oil, $C_4$ plant including maize oil, and rice bran oil. Fatty acid composition was significantly different among vegetable oils. In addition, the interval of low and high price vegetable oils was classified through the scatter plot analysis showing the correlation of the ${\delta}^{13}C$ and fatty acid composition. Therefore, through a simultaneous determination of the ${\delta}^{13}C$ and fatty acid composition, we are able to determine the majority of vegetable oils. It help to ensure food safety in Korean market by exclusion of economically modified adulteration in food.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.320-339
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify risk factors to ensure food safety by evaluating cook supervisors' perceived performance of vegetable safety management at Korean food restaurants in Daegu. Recognition of the potential foodborne illness caused by vegetables was 2.60/5 on average. Inspection items with low scores by respondents during food safety inspection by government agencies were "Wash and sanitize vegetables" and "Keep washed and cut vegetables in the refrigerator". As for storage, perceived performance of "Store vegetable in the refrigerator less than 70% of the refrigerator capacity" scored less than 4 out of 5. About 86% of respondents answered "Water-only washing" for vegetable washing. For perceived performance of vegetable cooking, service, and leftover handling, 11 and three items out of 13 were significantly different depending on the size of restaurants and possession of culinary arts certificates, respectively. Based on results, it is necessary to provide food safety training programs for handling vegetables in order to increase knowledge of cook supervisors. In addition, intensive on-site guidance for safety management of vegetables is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to assess the perception of hazards and washing behavior of vegetables of 500 housewives in Korea. The subjects were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using a structured questionnaire through telephone interviews by skilled interviewers. Most people have bought vegetables and fruits in the supermarket or (traditional) markets rather than stores, department stores, or direct transactions. Eighteen percent of the subjects felt vegetables were secure and were not concerned about safety. But $42.8{\%}$ were concerned about vegetable safety. The perceptions of vegetable-related hazards differed significantly by the respondent's socioeconomic characteristics. Higher concern about vegetable safety was reported by subjects with higher income, children, and who usually buy vegetables in supermarkets or department stores. Most subjects ($88.6{\%}$) perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides were the most significant potential vegetable risk factor, followed by heavy metal, and pathogens. Housewives mainly rinsed vegetables in flowing-water ($85.2{\%}$ of subjects), 3${\~}$4 times ($63.8{\%}$ of subjects), and without detergent ($90.6{\%}$). Subjects believed that hazards decreased by blanching or boiling vegetables rather than washing. Subjects realized more or less correctly the removal rate of pesticide and pathogen through the washing and cooking processes. However, the removal rate of heavy metals was less than subjects thought it would be. Therefore, the scientifically assessed results on safety in the washing and cooking process should be opened to the public to provide the right-to-know and assure confidence in consumers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1415-1420
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1 % and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPN-PCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter contamination at the farm level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

In recent years, environmental concerns have been raised on the use of poorly biodegradable fluids in electrical apparatus in regions where spills from leaks and equipment failure could contaminate the surroundings. The newly invented vegetable insulating oil is highly biodegradable and have negligible impact on the environment, human health and the ecosystem. For development of the environmental-friendly pole transformer using vegetable insulating oil, the dielectric constructions of the pole transformer were discussed in this paper. Depending on the dielectric constructions, the AC breakdown characteristics of the Nomex insulating papers and the vegetable insulating oil were studied by simulated electrode systems. Based on the experimental results, the maximum design stress($E_{max}$) for insulation design of the environmental-friendly pole transformer were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

In recent years, environmental concerns have been raised on the use of poorly biodegradable fluids in electrical apparatus in regions where spills from leaks and equipment failure could contaminate the surroundings. The vegetable insulation oils are highly biodegradable, have negligible effect on the environment, human health and ecosystem. Therefore, to assure their safe use in electrical power systems, it may require some processing and modification to improve some of their physical, chemical, thermal and electrical properties. This paper provides a comparative results of the electrical breakdown properties of several vegetable insulation oils and mineral oil to use as dielectric fluid in environmental-friendly pole transformer. Also, the electrical breakdown property of the Nomex and kraft insulation papers in vegetable insulation oil is examined.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2023

Background: Fruit and vegetable market is an abundant source of bioaerosols. Exposure to organic and inorganic waste and long-term inhalation of bioaerosols during working hours leads to chronic respiratory symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and related factors among fruit and vegetable workers compared with the control group in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Logistic regressions were computed to depict the data and related factors. The culture method was done to count and compare bacterial and fungal concentrations between fruit and vegetable workers and office workers. Results: In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (PR = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.772-4.66) was significantly higher among fruit and vegetable workers (46.7%) than controls (23.4%). Sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.12-3.98), educational status (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.78-2.32), working hours per day (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.586-9.65), and working department (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 0.90-11.40) were associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Bacterial and fungal concentrations were significantly higher in the air of the vegetable market (276 colony-forming unit) than the air in the workplace of controls (7 colony-forming unit). Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable market workers (greengrocers) had a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms relative to office workers. Respiratory protective devices should be given to deliver preventive measures.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rutin from buckwheat vegetable on rats fed with hypercholesterolemic diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed the diets providing various level of buckwheat vegetable for five weeks. Body weight increased during the experimental period. Body weight gain decreased by addition of cholesterol group (C-C). Rutin feeding group (T-l) and buckwheat vegetable feeding group (T-2, T-3, and T-4) showed the reduction of weight gain. Total cholesterol level decreased whereas HDL-cholesterol level increased with the increasing amount of buckwheat vegetable added. The value of thiobarbituric acid in serum decreased with increasing buckwheat vegetable added. The histopathological changes of the kidney were different among the experimental groups. Kidney of the rats fed with cholesterol added diet showed severe calcification.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.688-691
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• 2004

Concentrations of PAHs [benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene] in vegetable oils and fats available in Korean market were estimated. Involved methodology were liquid-liquid partition, purification on Sep-Pak Florisil Cartridges, and high performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detector. Overall recoveries for eight PAHs spiked into vegetable oils and fats ranged from 68.2 to 101.5%, averaging 85.4%. Mean levels of benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene in vegetable oils and fats were 0.53, 0.82, 0.50, 0.18, 0.35, 0.16, 0.31, and $0.44{\mu}g/kg$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1207-1216
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• 2014

Vegetables contain high levels of nitrate, which can be converted to nitrite for reaction with secondary amines to form nitrosamines. In this study, we evaluated safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine as well as anti-mutagenic activities of vegetable juices. To do this, the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines were determined in vegetable juices. The safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine formation were also investigated under simulated human gastric conditions. The contents of nitrate and nitrite in common and organic kale and Angelica keiskei juices were 931~2,052 mg/kg and 13~82 mg/kg, respectively. However, seven kinds of nitrosamines were not detected in the vegetables juices. The nitrate content decreased when vegetable juices were digested under simulated human gastric conditions. Nitrosamine (N-nitrosodimethylamine) formation under simulated human gastric conditions was inhibited by addition of vegetable juices. In addition, vegetable juices, especially organically cultivated juices, showed anti-mutagenic effects in a Salmonella assay system. These results suggest that organically cultivated vegetable juices are a promising health-promoting source.