• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 1999

To improve nut production and timber quality in a plantation, crown shape controls were suggested for Korean white pines (Pinus koraiensis) under age class III through the analyses of the crown shape controls for seed orchard trees in several species, of crown status of controlled and uncontrolled trees in a Korean white pine seed orchard, and of growth characteristics of plantation trees under age class III. For nut production from the small trees less than 8 m, modified leader type can be applied by cutting the central leader and all branches below 1 m and keeping 4~5 nodes with 3~4 whorled branches a node locating 1 m apart. Trees with a 4~8 m long trunk below the first living branch are shaped into trees for nut and timber production, which have a 4~8 m long knotless stem and a modified leader type crown with 4~5 nodes with 3~4 whorled branches a node at a distance of 1 m. Trees, showing the first living branch at or above 9 m from the surface, are pruned severely for timber production and result in a central leader type containing two fifths of the initial crown. It is advisable to remove the leader and the branches when collecting cones or after/during October to take advantage of easy labor and little resin while cutting. After stem cut, branches showing apical dominance are to be cut to control height when necessary. The removal of the uppermost node may be needed to control the crown shape several years after the initial stem-cut.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.533-536
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• 1998

In order to develop a pretreatment solution for cut rose, the effects of surfactants [Tween 20, Triton X-100, polyoxyethylene 4 lauryl ether (PLE)], germicides (aluminum sulfate, $AgNO_3$, dichloroisocyanuric acid, STS, benzalkonium chloride, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate), sucrose, and hormones (ABA and kinetin) on the longevity and quality of 'Red Sandra' were investigated in environment-controlled room. Although 20 and 50 ppm Tween 20, and 500 ppm PLE appeared, in appearance, to be effective in retarding blueing and wilting, respectively, they didn't show statistical differences as compared to distilled water control. Among germicides, $AgNO_3$ was the most effective in delaying petal blueing, petal withering, and reduction of fresh weight, regardless of its concentration, while, in the case of STS, only 1mM treatment was effective in delaying of petal withering. Only 5% sucrose treatment delayed petal blueing, petal withering, and bent neck, but showed no significant difference as compared to 500 ppm aluminum sulfate. Finally, single or combination treatments of ABA and cytokinin were found to rather stimulate the senescence of cut rose.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1980

To clarify the influence of ethylene on flowering and senescence of carnation flowers and the treatment of the floral preservative solution for reducing their ethylene production, bud-cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Coral) were sprayed with/without 500 ppm ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] and then held in distilled water or preservative solution (5% sucrose+50 ppm $AgNO_3$+300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline). 1. Ethylene inhibited to bloom carnation flowers because of causing sleepiness. 2. Carnation flowers were led to senescence after a lot of ethylene was produced by them. Therefore, ethylene seems to act as a trigger of senescence in carnation flowers. 3. The features of senescence in carnation flowers were different in accordance with the amount of ethylene produced by the flowers. 4. Exposure to ethylene decreased fresh weight, flower diameter, and water uptake of carnations. 5. The floral preservative extended vase life markedly by inhibiting ethylene production of cut flowers. The flowers exposed to lots of ethylene, however, were not restored even though they were held in the preservative solution.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.552-555
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• 2009

A new standard rose cultivar "Snow Day" was bred from the cross between pink standard cultivar "Saphia" and pink standard cultivar "Bridal Beauty" at the National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science. The cross was made in 2003 and "Snow Day" was finally selected in 2008 after evaluating characteristics for three years from 2006 to 2008. A white standard cultivar, "Snow Day" grows vigorously and resistant to powder mildew. The major characteristics of this cultivar are $152stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 81.8 cm in length of cut flower, 11.3 cm in flower diameter, 29.2 in petal number, and 13.7 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference for this cultivar is relatively higher than that for the control cultivar, "Tineke".

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.616-619
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• 2009

A new standard rose cultivar "Red Charm" was bred from the cross between deep red standard cultivar "First Red" and light red standard cultivar "Cardinal" at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extention Services (JARES). The cross was made in 2003 and, "Red Charm" was finally selected in 2008 after investigating characteristics for three times from 2007 to 2008. "Red Charm", a red standard cultivar has good flower shape and velvet flower color. The major characteristics of this cultivar are on average $119.3stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 69.5 cm in length of cut flower, 10.3 cm in flower diameter, 36.9 in petal number, and 9.8 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar, "Red Charm" is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, "Red Velvet".

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.524-527
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• 2011

A new rose cultivar, 'Pretty You' was selected from the progenies of a cross between 'Red Sandra' and 'Mira Bai' by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2008. 'Pretty You' was crossed in 2005 and seedlings were produced. After the test of specific characters from 2006 to 2008, it was finally selected and named. 'Pretty You' a stand type with large sized flower, has red and pink color (main color: Red Group 52B, second color: Red Group 50A) flower. 'Pretty You' grows vigorously, it took 45.8 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity is $142.8stems/m^2$ in a year. The length of cut flower is 69.2 cm. It has 11.7 cm in flower diameter and 32.1 in petal numbers per flower. Vase life of the this cultivar can be as long as 12.3 days.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.251-254
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• 2011

A new standard white-pink flower rose cultivar 'Innocence' was bred from the cross between white standard cultivar 'Juvena' and green-white standard cultivar 'Green Success' at the Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JARES). The cross was made in 2001 and, 'Innocence' was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three times from 2004 to 2006. 'Innocence' a white-pink standard cultivar has good flower shape with few prickles. The major characteristics of this cultivar were $118.7stems{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in year yield, 68.0 cm in length of cut flower, 10.9 cm in flower diameter, 34.4 in petal number, and 10.7 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar was relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Rose Yumi'.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2008

A new orange-colored, cut flower gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar 'Sweety' was developed from a cross between 'Grandeur' and 'Songsongee', followed by selections of seedlings and lines at the Flower Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) from 1999 to 2004. Three time evaluations were conducted from 2003 for the detailed characteristics of the new cultivar. 'Sweety' has semi-double type mini- or medium-sized flowers in good harmony with orange(RHS, 38-A) ray florets and a green center. It has good, stable flower shape and strong peduncle, and its vase life was 10.4 days. The average flower yield was about 51.0 stems per plant/year in greenhouse trails during 2003 and 2004. This cultivar was registered to the Korea Seed and Variety Service for commercialization in 2006. Year-round production of this cultivar is possible in the greenhouse condition in Korean climate.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.255-258
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• 2011

A new gerbera cultivar 'Paspin' was released by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2009. A cross was made between 'Lilabella' and 'Mephisto' with purple and semi-double in 2005. After investigation of the characteristics for five years (from 2005 to 2009), it was selected specially as a cut flower. The 'Paspin' cultivar has a pastel pink flower color (RHS R52B) with green disc center and semi-double flower. It has large-sized flowers which average flower diameter is about 12.8 cm. And inner ray floret and disc diameters are 7.87 cm and 2.57 cm, respectively. It has an adequate peduncle height of 48.6 cm, and a longer vase life of 10.8 days. It is vigorous in growth and also adaptable to the local cultural environments of Korea. It is expected that if the 'Paspin' cultivar will be planted, the royalty fees to be paid to other countries can be saved. And the local growers will also be benefitted since the cost of cultivars will be lower than the imported ones.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2011

A new spray rose cultivar 'Glory Purple' was bred from the cross between a pink spray cultivar 'Macarena' and a pink spray cultivar 'Million Pink' at the National Institute of Horticulture & Herbal Science. The cross was made in 2004 and a candidate genotype which named as 'Glory Purple' was selected in 2009 after three years investigation for agronomical characters from 2007 to 2009. 'Glory Purple', a purple colored spray cultivar, has vigorous growth and has powdery mildew resistance. The major characteristics of this cultivar are high yield and long stem with relatively large flower size with $157stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 63.5 cm in mean length of cut flower, 6.8 cm in mean flower diameter, 25.78 in mean petal number, and 10.2 days in mean vase life. This cultivar is suitable for propagation by both cutting and grafting methods. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of the control cultivars, 'Pinky and Charming'.