• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the expectation about school health program of primary school parents as an important variable for growth of school health program fore area locked primary school parents 631 by self-administered questionnaire between June 20 and September 29, 2001 The results were as follows 1. General characteristic of the Subjects Age rates of the subjects were 45.5% on 35~39 years old and 34.7% over 40 years old. Economic status were middle level 86%, participation rates of school health education for parent were 16.8%, recognition rates on significance of school health education were 89.9%. 2. Health knowledge of parents The mean score on health knowledge of the subjects was 6.8 from a total of 10. there was a statistically significant difference with regard to health knowledge among the 7school(F=3.46, p=.016). 3. Health behavior of parents The mean score on health behaviors of the subjects was 77.3 from a total of 100. there was no statistically difference in health behavior among the school. 4. The expectation about school health program of the parents The mean score on the expectation about school health program of the subjects was 51.1 from a total of 140. there was a statistically significant difference with regard to the expe ctation about school health program among the school(F=3.75, p=.010). 5. Health behaviors and the expectation about school health program from sociod emogr aphic Backgrounds of the Subjects. In the backgrounds of the subjects, the score on health behavior was higher the mothers(t=2.89,p=.004), the upper class(F=7.38, p=.000), the higher participation level of school health education of parent(F=7.38, p=.000) and the higher recognition level on significance of school health education of parent(F=9.94, p=.000). The score on the expectation about school health program was higher the lower recognition level on significance of school, health education of parent and on the expectation about health screening & preventive services was significant difference by age. however, the difference was not significant in the others.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.599-605
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• 2019

Rice yield (kg 10a^-1) in South Korea was estimated by meteorological variables that are influential factors in crop growth. This study investigated the possibility of anticipating the rice yield variability using a simple but an efficient statistical method, a multiple linear regression analysis, on the basis of the annual variation of meteorological variables. Due to heterogeneous environmental conditions by region, the yearly rice yield was assessed and validated for each province in South Korea. The monthly mean meteorological data for the period 1986-2018 (33 years) from 61 weather stations provided by Korean Meteorological Administration was used as the independent variable in the regression analysis. An 11-fold (leave-three-out) cross-validation was performed to check the accuracy of this method estimating rice yield at each province. This result demonstrated that temporal variation of rice yield by province in South Korea can be properly estimated using such concise procedure in terms of correlation coefficient (0.7, not significant). Furthermore, the estimated rice yield well captured spatial features of observation with mean bias of 0.7 kg 10a^-1 (0.15%). This method may offer useful information on rice yield by province in advance as long as accurate agro-meteorological forecasts are timely obtained from climate models.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2000

Objective : We analysed diverse clinical features of the cavernous angioma. Also, we report the experience in differ-ent methods of the management and their results. Method : Data from 80 patients who were confirmed pathologically or diagnosed radiologically between Jan. 1990 and Sept. 1998 at our hospital were analysed. Variable factors that were examined were : clinical features, effects of treatment, and complications. Results : There were 47 male and 33 female patients. The age at the first presentation was from 3 to 57(mean 34.1) years old. Clinical features were seizure in 28 cases(38%), bleeding in 24 cases(32%), neurologic deficits in 12 cases(16%), headache in 10 cases(14%), and six incidental cases. The locations of lesion were cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere in 45 cases(56.2%), brainstem, basal ganglia, and thalamus in 32 cases(40%), multiple in 3 cases (3.8%). Seizure was common at the third decade and occurred frequently with the cavernous angioma in temporal (43%) or frontal lobe(39%). Bleeding was frequent after the third decade with peak at the fourth decade and had high incidence in brainstem or thalamus. The gamma-knife radiosurgery was done in 47 cases. Rebleeding occurred in 3 cases, but it was within postradiosurgery 1 year. Symptomatic radiation change occurred in 2 cases of 8 radiation change on MRI. On follow-up MRI, no evidence of rebleeding was found in 30 cases. Also, The lesion size was decreased in 3 cases. Resection was performed in 23 cases ; total 20, subtotal 2, partial 1. Postoperative complication occurred in 6 cases(26.1%). After surgery, 7(63.6%) of 11 seizure patients had outcome of seizure-free. Subclinical rebleeding occurred in one of two subtotal resected cases. In 11 patients, conservative management was done. There was neither rebleeding nor symptom aggravation during follow-up period of mean 17.2 months. Conclusion : The solution for prevention of rebleeding is complete removal of the lesion located at noneloquent area or accessible region, especially for the patients who presented symptoms or intractable seizure. However, the Gamma knife radiosurgery is considered when the lesions are located at eloquent area or when severe postoperative morbidity is expected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.91-95
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• 2004

Several MRI studies have reported reductions in temporal lobe volumes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Measures have been usually obtained with regions-of-interest (ROI) drawn manually on selected medial and lateral portions of the temporal lobes, with variable choices of anatomical borders across different studies. We used the automated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to investigate gray matter abnormalities over the entire extension of the temporal lobe in 10AD patients (MM5E 22)and 22 healthy controls. Foci of significantly reduced gray matter volume in AD patients were detected in both medial and lateral temporal regions, most significantly in the right and left posterior parahippocarmpal gyri. At a more flexible statistical threshold (P<0.01, uncorrected for multiple comparisons), circumscribed foci of significant gray matter reduction were also detected in the right amygdala/enthorinal cortex, the anterior and posterior borders of the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally, and the anterior portion of the left middle temporal gyrus. These VBM results confirm previous findings of temporal lobe atrophic changes in AD, and suggest that these abnormalities may be confined to specific sites within that lobe, rather than showing a widespread distribution.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

The distribution of iridoviruses in five freshwater ornamental fishes, pearl gourami (Trichogaster leeri), dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia), silver gourami (Trichogaster microlepis), blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus sumatranus) and freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare), imported from Singapore was examined in 2004 and 2005. The presence of iridoviruses in 56 sample groups was determined using PCR technique and showed PCR positive in 11 sample groups. The proportion of fish infected by iridovirus was differed depending upon species; 31.8% (7/22) for pearl gourami, 18.2% (2/11) for dwarf gourami, 16.7% (1/6) for blue gourami, 9.1% (1/11) for silver gourami and 0% (0/6) for angelfish. In quantitative comparison of viral DNAs isolated from infected tissues, the DNA concentration of iridovirus in pearl gourami was higher than that in dwarf gourami. Although pearl gourami infected naturally by iridovirus showed 100% mortality in keeping experiment for 3 weeks, only 57% of those was positive in PCR. In the comparison of nucleotide sequences of the PstⅠ fragment known as the most variable genomic region, both iridoviruses isolated from pearl gourami and dwarf gourami showed identity more than 99% with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) isolated from mandarinfish (Siniperca chuatsi).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.157-170
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• 2013

We investigated the seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages in the eastern part of the South Sea of Korea in relation to surface water masses. The study areas are under the direct influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TCW) throughout the whole year, with its strength known to be seasonally variable. The region is also influenced by coastal waters (CW) driven from the South Sea of Korea and East China Sea, particularly in summer, as indicated by low salinity in the surface water. Nutrient property of the TCW can reveals whether the origin of the TCW is the nutrient-rich Kuroshio Current or the oligotropic Taiwan Warm Current. Surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations displayed a large seasonal variation for all stations, with high values found in spring and autumn and low values in summer and winter. At station M (offshore) and P (intermediate location between M and R), Chl-a concentrations in October were higher than those in March, when spring bloom normally occurs. This may be related to deeper mixed layer depths in October. Diatoms dominated under conditions of high nutrient supply in which Chaetoceros spp. and Skeletonema costatum-like spp. were abundant. S. costatum-like spp. dominated at stations R (onshore station) and P in December when there was greater nutrient supply, especially of phosphate. Flagellates and dinoflagellates dominated at all three stations after diatoms blooms. Dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoid in April and Ceratium furca in October at station R, and Gyrodinium spp. and Gymnodinium spp. at station M during summer, when the effect of the oligotropic Taiwan Warm Current and the oligotropic coastal water from East China Sea were strong. Redundancy analysis showed clear seasonal successions in the phytoplankton community and environmental conditions, in which both principal components 1 and 2 accounted for 69.6% of total variance. Our results suggested that environmental conditions seemed to be determined by the origin of the TCW and the relative seasonal strength of the water masses of the TCW and CW, which may affect phytoplankton growth and compositions in the study area.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.335-362
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• 2020

Using the Hedonic pricing model using Box-Cox transformation, this paper estimated the marginal effect (implicit price) of odors from landfill in the metropolitan area on housing prices and the willingness to pay for changes in certain odor conditions. This paper utilized the proximity from the landfill in the metropolitan area as a environmental variable, and analyzed the effect of various housing characteristic variables on the sale price of apartments within a radius of 5 km from the landfill. In particular, because odors factor have various heterogeneity, we applied hedonic price models instead of stated-preference methods with various types of functional forms through Box-Cox transformation, considering the heterogeneity of each region. Estimates show that the marginal value (implicit price) for the distance from the odor source was 0.227 to 0.533 depending on the function type of the estimated model. In addition, when other house factors are the same, the marginal willingness to pay for a distance of 1km from the odor source was calculated to be 16.79 to 51.76 thousand dollar depending on the type of function. Finally for the general Box-Cox model, the annual WTP was estimated to be 3,229dollar.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6630-6638
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• 2014

The concerns for higher returns among investors in Korea are increasing as local interest rates lag behind the global market. The aim of this study was to provide a basis for estimating the precise return on investment to private investors and stakeholders of office buildings by identifying the optimal scale estimation of office building space, derived from managerial expenses. The literature on the economies theories of scales were reviewed, and the average administrative costs on an appropriate scale were assessed by cross-analysis and regression analysis using the U-shaped quadratic and cubic function. The findings suggest that the average office building managerial costs are approximately 6-11% according to the region, 10-13% according to the grade, and 8-9% according to size. Corporate-owned buildings represent the highest in terms of the average managerial costs, and there is an approximately 11.5% difference when it comes to outsourcing. In addition, the elapsed year showed that approximately 5.3 years to meet the lowest U-shaped curve of the average managerial cost. The 'Total floor area' variable shows a ${\bigcap}$-shape as it continue to increase to 72,000-Pyung then decrease gradually. This study presents the fundamental proposition of efficient and practical management of cost, lease and operation for real estate management firms by utilizing LCC.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2008

Purpose: Ti thin films were deposited on slide glass and CR-39 lenses using small magnetron sputtering apparatus to of Ti thin films. Methods: The thickness of Ti thin films were measured by cross section SEM, the transmittance and reflectance of them were obtained using spectrophotometer, the refractive index and extinction of them were obtained from VASE data. Results: The transmittances of Ti thin films with 60 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm thickness were a little change within the visual region from 400 nm to 750 nm, but were increased a little amount at near 400 nm. The transmittance of 60 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm Ti thickness in d-line was 30%, 25%, 20%, respectively. Also, it was shown that the refractive indices and extinction coefficients of the Ti thin films obtained from VASE were similar to those of Ti thin film offered macleod program. Conclusions: Ti films on CR-39 with these transmittances were available for sunglass lens. It was indicated that the refractive indices and extinction coefficients of the Ti thin films were decreased with the thickness of Ti thin film, for the thickness of Ti thin films was due to very thin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2038-2045
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• 2010

Households' monthly average income is composed of various factors. This study paper studies focuses on estimating the determinants of a households' monthly average income. The region for analysis consist of three groups, that is, the whole country, a metropolitan city(such as Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangiu, Daejeon, Ulsan.) and Seoul. Analyzing period be formed over a 57 time points(2005. 01~2009. 09). In this paper the dependent variable setting up the households' monthly average income, explanatory (independent) variables are composed of the consumer price index, employment to population ratio, Index of housing sale price, the preceding composite index, loans of housing mortgage, spending rate for care medical expense and the composite stock price index. In looking at the factors which determine the monthly average income, evidence was produced supporting the hypothesis that there is a significant positive relationship between the composite index and housing loans. The study also produced evidence supporting the view that there is a significant negative relationship between employment ratios, the house sale pricing index and spending rates for care or medical needs. The study found that the consumer price index and composite stock price index were not significant variables. The implications of these findings are discussed for further research.