• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.321-332
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of anmediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variable, that is, the relationship formation factors, is further classified into three components： transactional, relational, environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable, that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

Turbulent nonpremixed $H_2$-air jet flames are numerically investigated using the joint PDF model. The reaction progress variable is derived by assuming the radicals 0, H, and OH to be in partial equilibrium and additional species $HO_2$ and $H_2O_2$ in steady state. The model is extended to npnadiabatic flame by introducing additional variable for the transport of enthalpy and radiative source term is calculated using a local, geometry independent model. In terms of flame structure and NO formation, the predicted results are favorably agreed with experimental data. The effects of nonequilibrium chemistry and radiative heat loss on the thermal NO formation are discussed in detail.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.413-417
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• 1998

Magnaporthe grisea, the casual agent of rice blast, requires formation of an appressorium, a dome-shaped and well melanized infection structure, to penetrate its host. Environmental cues that induce appressorium formation include hydrophobicity and hardness of contact surface and chemicals from its host. Artificial surfaces are widely used to induce appressorium formation, but frequencies of appressorium induction are not always consistent. To understand variable induction of appressorium formation in M. grisea, several factors were tested on GelBond. High levels of appressorium formation were induced over a wide range of temperature (20~3$0^{\circ}C$) and pH (4~7). spore age up to 3-week-old did not significantly affect appressorium formation, but only a few apressoria on GelBond. However, adenosine specifically inhibited appressorium formation. Adenosine inhibition of appressorium formation was restored by exogenous addition of cAMP. Germ tube tips of M. grisea maintained the ability to differentiate appressoria by chemical inducers on GelBond at least up to 16 h after conidia germination. These results suggest that environmental factors have little effect on the variable induction of appressorium formation on the artificial surface in M. grisea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.373-384
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of an mediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variables, that is, the relationship formation factors, are further classified into three components. transactional, relational, and environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable. that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2009

Correlational reasoning is used to analyze results from an experiment and create meaningful relationships among variables. Although there were many recognition development studies, not a single study found the optimal period for the development of logical thinking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the optimal period for students whose logic for variable controlling and correlational reasoning are poor. This study made a logic program treatment subject for students between the 4th and 8th grade whose recognition in reasoning has not been developed in general in order to find the optimal period for their development. The variable-controlling reasoning was performed the program of voice survey and sugared-water melting in subsection survey and sugared-water melting in subsection. And, the correlation reasoning was performed the program of rat's size and tail color, treatment, and effect. As a result of research, students, who were not formed variable controlling and correlational reasoning, could be known to be enhanced through learning, but to fail to be formed the qualitative change like the cognitive development. In other words, the optimal period couldn't be found that is grown the formation of students, who are not formed the variable controlling and correlational reasoning, through learning. It is expected that this research can contribute to the improvement of students' cognitive level and there would be more active researches in different fields to improve the cognitive level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.139-143
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• 2019

In this study, we tried to derive the most severe scenario and its critical speed by 1-D collision simulation with a variable formation vehicle in order to prepare for the change of demand in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 3, which is operated by fixed arrangement. After establishing various collision scenario conditions, the friction coefficient between the wheel and the rail was evaluated as 0.3, which is considered to be severe. As a result of analysis according to all scenarios, the most severe scenario conditions were confirmed by comparing rubber shock absorber performance and vehicle collision deceleration. In addition, a typical wheel-rail friction coefficient was derived through accident cases, and the analysis was performed again and compared. Finally, the criterion of the critical speed in the condition of the friction coefficient of the normal wheel - rail condition was confirmed.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.418-423
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• 2003

Many countries in Asia have been researching for linking and activation of Asia transverse railway and we are trying to link Trans-Korean railway and Transcontinental railway. However we are confronted with a difficult question that the railway system of each country is different from each other-gauge, track formation and signal system. These problems will obstruct prior occupation of market because of loss of time and cost for trans vehicles and transshipment. In this paper, we tried to setting up development direction of Korean variable gauge vehicles by examine international development direction of variable gauge vehicles.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.879-890
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• 2000

This study investigates the nonpremixed $H_2/CO$-air turbulent flames numerically. The turbulent combustion process is represented by a reaction progress variable model coupled with the presumed joint probability function. In the present study, the turbulent combustion model is applied to analyze the nonadiabatic flames by introducing additional variable in the transport equation of enthalpy and the radiative heat loss is calculated using a local, geometry independent model. Calculations are compared with experimental data in terms of temperature, and mass fraction of major species, radical, and NO. Numerical results indicate that the lower and higher fuel-jet velocity flames have the distinctly different flame structures and NO formation characteristics in the proximity of the outer core vortex zone. The present model correctly predicts the essential features of flame structure and the characteristics of NO formation in the bluff-body stabilized flames. The effects of nonequilibrium chemistry and radiative heat loss on the thermal NO formation are discussed in detail.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of conflict formation, conflict resolution type, and relationship performance between convenience store franchise headquarters and franchise stores operated by the franchise system located in the metropolitan area. The conclusion could be summarized as follows. First, according to factor analysis based on the previous research, the factor of conflict between convenience store headquarters and franchisee was tied to three factors such as goal disagreement, doctrinal discrepancy, and interdependence, whereas conflict resolution type was linked to three factors such as cooperation type, attack type, and avoidance type. Finally, the relationship performance is tied to three factors: financial performance, long-term cooperation, and non-financial performance. Second, as a result of Hypothesis 1, the interdependence was positively correlated when the cooperative type was the dependent variable. The target discrepancy was significantly positive(+) when the aggressive type was the dependent variable. The interdependence was significantly negative(-) when the avoidance type was the dependent variable. There also was a significantly positive(+) relationship in the target disagreement. Third, for Hypothesis 2, it is shown that target inconsistency is negative(-) for all cases where financial performance, long-term cooperation, and non-financial performance are dependent variables. Fourth, for Hypothesis 3, when the financial performance is the dependent variable, only the cooperative type shows a positive(+) relationship. On the other hand, when the long-term cooperation and the non-financial aptitude are the dependent variables, the cooperative type has a significant positive(+) relationship.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.223-228
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• 2006

The current efficiency of copper anode containing impurities in copper sulfate solution for electrorefining was studied at various current type such as direct current, variable current and periodic reverse current. The passivity behavior was investigated by galvanostatic technique. The results obtained were that current efficiency of variable current was higher than those of direct current and periodic reverse current. The increased current efficiency could be explained by the formation of slime structure with lower average resistance due to variable current. The frequency of various factors in variable current condition has a greatest effect on current efficiency. It appeared that frequency increased current efficiency when increased from 1 to 4, but further increases did not have an effect.