• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.457-472
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• 2014

The paper presents the field investigations and seismic analyses of a historical masonry brick minaret damaged during October 23 (Erciş) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Ulu Mosque Minaret located on Tebriz Kap1 Street in the city centre of Van, Turkey is selected for investigation. Two earthquakes hit the minaret within seventeen days, causing progressive damage. It was seen from the field investigations that the minaret was heavily damaged. To validate the field investigations, three dimensional finite element model of the minaret is constituted by ANSYS software using relievo drawings. Finite element model of the minaret is analyzed under the Van earthquake records to determine the seismic behavior. The displacements, maximum and minimum principal stresses and strains are obtained from the analyses and compared with field observations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.129-141
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• 2005

It is difficult to edit large-scale digital maps because of problems of cost and process and it is carried out by aerial photogrammetry in renewal periods. Five years of update period cannot provide exact data required in the fast-moving age. This study is to analyze applicability and impact for editing digital map of road system using the GPS-Van. Results are compared with accuracy of the data acquisition with GPS-Van positioning. INS data are affected by the barrier to receive GPS data. But high accuracy were achieved by thorough plans according to work order. By using GPS Van and fieldwork at the same time for editing and renewal of digital map, it is expected that this method can be used to reduce costs in the economic and temporal aspects, and provide rapid and accurate digital map of road system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2020

Van de Vusse reactors show the maximum points in input-output steady state maps and dramatic changes in their dynamic characteristics around those maximum points. According to their operating regions, there appear sign changes in steady state gains and nonlinear characteristics such as non-minimum phase dynamics which cause difficulties in applying controllers. Many nonlinear controllers that are available and newly designed are applied to these Van de Vusse reactor processes and their performances are tested. Reactor examples with real reactions have been reported. However, due to difficulties in constructing and operating chemical reactor systems, they are not adequate to be used for real applications of control experiments and hence most of results are based on simulations studies. Here, we propose a liquid level system that realizes most of the steady state and dynamic characteristics of Van de Vusse reactor, and two nonlinear control methods that can be used as base methods to compare nonlinear controllers newly designed. Liquid level experimental system and two nonlinear control methods are very simple and can be used to test performances of nonlinear controllers in practice.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2003

The design of Graphic Information System(GIS) in various applications is suffering from the difficulty of data acquisition, which is labor-intensive and time consuming. In order to provide the spatial data rapidly and accurately, 4S-Van, a prototype mobile mapping system, has been developed. The 4S-Van consists of 1)Global Positioning System(GPS), Inertial Navigation System(INS) for estimating the geographic position and attitude of the moving van, i.e.,(x, y, z) and the direction of the Van, 2) Charge Coupled Device(CCD) camera and laser scanner for capturing images and for measuring depth from geographic objects, and 3) External Synchronization Device(ESD) and industrial PC for synchronizing data from GPS/INS/CCD camera and for storing the data. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of the proto-Dpe 4S-Van system for spatial data acquisition for various GIS applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.5 s.170
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• pp.189-196
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• 2005

The numbers of the elder are rapidly growing who wants to enhance social activities, because Korea is already an aging society since 2000. The mobility and accessibility are the key issues to enhance them. The electric motor scooter and the power wheel chair are efficient movable means at a short range. It would be needed to get on and off them if the elder wants use them after arriving a long distant destination. But the electric scooter is too heavy for a man to get on and off a coach van. The motor winch lift is developed for the elder and the handicapped to get on and off a van easily. The lift consists of 3-linkage which can be installed in a trunk of a van with a small space. The clearance and stress of each component are checked by a computer simulation. The prototype was made. and the performances of safety and comfortableness were verified by operational ability test and durability test.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

The vancomycin, one of the family of glycopeptide antibiotics, inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and has been widely used against gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for a treatment of methicillin resistant S. aureus infection. However, clinical isolate which was intermediately resistant to vancomycin (Mu50: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was isolated in recent years. In this study we performed vancomycin susceptibility test with the increment method and population analysis with clinical isolates S. aureus. Also we did several kinds of tests with three selected isolates (s129: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s134: MIC 7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, s135: MIC 8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to find out possible mechanism of vancomycin resistance. As a result, the prevalence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus isolates among S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin was 23.3% (25/107). The vancomycin resistances of isolated strains of S. aureus were between those of Mu5O and Mu3 strains. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased vancomycin susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistant genes such as vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, and vanH. Major bands of 81 kDa, 58 kDa, 33 kDa, 28 kDa were demonstrable in whole cell lysates by SDS-PAGE from all three isolates as well as reference strains. And especially,45 kDa protein was overproduced in Mu50 strains. Among them increased production of NAD$^{+}$-linked-$_{D}$-lactate dehydrogenase (dnLDH) were detected from one clinical strain (s135) and Mu5O strain. From these data, we suggest that the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in these isolates are distinct from that in enterococci.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.2 s.70
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• pp.162-168
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• 2005

The lower flash points for the n-propanol+n-decane flammable mixture were measured by the Tag open-cup apparatus(ASTM D 1310). The experimental results of mixture exhibited the lower flash point than those of pure component in the flash point versus composition curve. The experimental value of the minimum flash point is $27^{\circ}C$ at a mole fraction of n-propanol of 0.71, and the flash point of n-propanol was $28^{\circ}C$. The experimentally obtained data were compared with the values that had been calculated by use of the prediction model, which assumes an ideal solution, and the flash point prediction models based on the van Laar equation were used to estimate the activity coefficients. The predictive curve based on an ideal solution deviated from the experimental data for this system. The experimental results demonstrate a close agreement with the predicted curves, which used the van Laar equation. The average absolute deviation(A.A.D.) from using the van Lau equation is $0.83^{\circ}C$. The methodology proposed here in this paper can thus be applied to incorporate an inherently safer design for chemical processes, such as determining safe storage and handling conditions for flammable solutions.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 2007

In order to help students learn geometric concepts in mathematics in an easy and interesting way, the present study restructured the textbook so that it utilizes GSP based on van Hiele's theory. In addition, we purposed to examine how effective the restructured textbook is in enhancing students' van Hiele level and to lay a base for the active use of GSP in learning figures in elementary school. In conclusion, the results of this study is expected to solve problems in the structure of the current textbook such as the violation of continuity in van Hiele's theory and inconsistency between the level of textbook contents and students' level through the restructuring of the textbook using GSP and provide helps for effective figure learning. In addition, this research is expected to be an opportunity for the active use of GSP in teaching figures in elementary school.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2000

This paper concentrates on the design and construction aspects of a transmission for a mid-class passenger car with internal combustion engine. The transmission, consisting of a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) with a Van Doorne V-belt, a planetary gear set and a compact steel flywheel is used to prove the concept of mechanical torque assist. The design goal is to obtain a proof of concept transmission with maximal efficiency, using proven transmission technology. With the developed so called Zero Inertia CVT, the fuel economy of the car is improved by operating the engine at its fuel optimal operating line. To achieve a good vehicle acceleration response, the flywheel assists the powertrain mechanically.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.502-508
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• 2017

Background Breast-conserving therapy is defined as a breast-conserving wide local excision (WLE) of a mammary tumour combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Immediate restoration of the mammary shape by use of breast reduction techniques (volume displacement) or tissue replacement techniques (volume replacement) is gaining popularity to prevent breast malformation. Methods To date, using the internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap has been suggested for immediate volume replacement after WLE, but has never been evaluated in a published study. Results We applied this flap in 12 women (mean age, 56.1 years) after WLE (mean specimen weight, 46.5 g) of the medial aspect of the breast. Over a median follow-up of 35.3 months (standard deviation, 1.2 months), 4 women needed repeated surgery for dog-ear correction of the donor site. Conclusions In our experience, the use of an IMAP flap was a reliable technique with good cosmetic outcomes after oncoplastic reconstruction. In this series, donor site revision often proved necessary initially, but we showed that this may easily be prevented.