• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2001

This paper is intended to explore femininity, the ideal beauty of body and the features in fashion pursued in the fashion system and the Anti-Fashion Movement in the Victorian period, on which the modern fashion is based. For the informative facts needed in this paper, books on history, fashion history, feminism, art history of aestheticism and tole ideal beauty of body are referred to. On the part I of this paper, the femininity and the ideal beauty of body implied in the fashion system in the Victorian period will be reviewed. following are the conclusion : First, in the Victorian period, the value of femininity is put on the body of female by the discrimination of sex divided in two. Consequently, the characteristics of femininity mainly include dependence, passiveness, emotion, beauty, maternity, innocence, and purity. To emphasize the function of reproduction as primary duty and nature of female, the ideal beauty of body is represented in the form of Venus Naturalis, which symbolizes the fertility. And the external form of this body is expressed in slum waist line, ample busom and hip in fashion. Second, the features of this fashion are classified into three categories by their internal value : images of subordinate female, sensual female and maternal female 1) The image of subordinate female is expressed by concealment of legs, tightening the upper part of the body in corset and restriction on action by the crinoline 2) The image of sensual female is revealed in brazing colors and decoration, excessive exposure of the upper part of the body and hip by means of bustle. 3) The image of maternity is expressed in swollen skirt of crinoline, oval bustle silhouette metaphoring the extended womb resulted from pregnancy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2017

Purpose: Previous studies indicated conflicting results regarding the prognosis of gastric cancer with a family history (FHX). This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological features and survival of patients with gastric cancer with a FHX. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 2,736 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery between 2003 and 2009. The prognostic value of a FHX was determined in the multivariate model after adjusting for variables in the Asian and internationally validated prognostic models. Results: Of the patients, 413 (15.1%) had a FHX of gastric cancer. The patients with a FHX were younger (58.1 vs. 60.4 years; P<0.001) than the patients without a FHX. There were no significant differences in the histopathological characteristics between the 2 groups. A FHX was associated with a better overall survival (OS) rate only in the stage I group (5-year survival rate, 95% vs. 92%; P=0.006). However, the disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was not significantly different between the 2 groups in all stages. The multivariate model adjusted for the variables in the Asian and internationally validated prognostic models revealed that FHX has no significant prognostic value for OS and DSS. Conclusions: The clinicopathological features and survival of the patients with gastric cancer with a FHX did not significantly differ from those of the patients without a FHX.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

This study examines the construction method of lime tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty based on reference. This was primarily published as "The Five Manners and Courtesy of the Annals of Sejong" as examples, which were followed by the influence of Koryo's culture in the beginning foundation of Choseon, were organized in the time of Sejong; and later, in the time of Sungjong, "The National Five Manners and Courtes y" was published. Such old reference explains the stone materials and construction method of the royal tomb's pit yet there were not many studies regarding the pit of royal tomb in the Choseon Dynasty. And there exists no historical research or reference study in regard to the pit of royal tomb which is formed as a lime tomb. This is believed to be impossible to excavate the royal tomb since ancestral ritual formalities are still given by the descendants and because of our country's culture of giving ancestral ritual formalities which value formalities and filial duty. However, the current excavation of Guhui Tomb, which was the early burial site, was important since it gives an opportunity to look at the shape and structure of lime tombs in the Choseon Dynasty. Thus, this study, based on the excavation of Guhui Tomb, will look into the construction method of the pit of lime tomb and will examine the structure, shape, construction method, etc. of the lime tomb which was formed after the time of Sejo in a way with reference history. This is an important data to learn the construction method of limb tomb of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty and is believed to have a very important value as historical materials as to understanding the structure of the pit of royal tombs in the Choseon Dynasty which yet has not been excavated.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

Objectives: Self-reported disease history is often used in epidemiological studies. In this study, we acquired the hospital records of subjects who self-reported stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) and evaluated the validity of the participants' self-reported disease history. We also determined the level of agreement between specialists and non-specialists. Methods: Among the participants in the Health Examinees study, 1488 subjects self-reported stroke or MI during 2012-2017, and medical records were acquired for the 429 subjects (28.8%) who agreed to share their medical information. Each record was independently assigned to 2 medical doctors for review. The records were classified as 'definite,' 'possible,' or 'not' stroke or MI. If the doctors did not agree, a third doctor made the final decision. The positive predictive value (PPV) of self-reporting was calculated with the doctors' review as the gold standard. Kappa statistics were used to compare the results between general doctors and neurologists or cardiologists. Results: Medical records from 208 patients with self-reported stroke and 221 patients with self-reported MI were reviewed. The PPV of self-reported disease history was 51.4% for stroke and 32.6% for MI. If cases classified as 'possible' were counted as positive diagnoses, the PPV was 59.1% for stroke and 33.5% for MI. Kappa statistics showed moderate levels of agreement between specialists and nonspecialists for both stroke and MI. Conclusions: The validity of self-reported disease was lower than expected, especially in those who reported having been diagnosed with MI. Proper consideration is needed when using these self-reported data in further studies.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of consecutive whole body vibration through heel raise posture on the center of pressure and electromyography of anterior tibial muscle, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during single-leg stance. Method: The subjects of this study included 30 healthy males in their 20's, with the following inclusion criteria: no history of orthopaedic medical history, no participation in regular exercises, no history of whole body vibration exercise, and right leg being the dominant leg. The experimental procedure involved pretreatment measurement of eye open single-leg stance, application of whole body vibration for 30 seconds, post-treatment measurement (3 measurements in total). Static and dynamic movements have been measured over 2 separate experiments, with 72 hours gap between the experiments. Static movement involved maintaining single-leg heel raise posture for 30 seconds while applying whole body vibration, and dynamic movement involved heel raise (15 repetitions over 30 seconds) while applying whole body vibration. The strength of applied whole body vibration was 35 Hz frequency and 2~4 mm amplitude. Results: As the single-leg posture after static heel raise posture, mediolateral velocity of the center of pressure at post 2 and post 3 were significantly reduced compared to the pre-treatment measurement. In addition, the percentage for reference voluntary contraction in anterior tibial muscle and soleus and median frequency at anterior tibial muscle and lateral gastrocnemius muscle at post 3 were significantly decreased compared to the pre-treatment value. As the single-leg posture after dynamic heel raise posture, the mediolateral 95% edge frequency of the center of pressure and median frequency at anterior tibial muscle, lateral gastrocnemius muscle, and soleus muscle at post 3 were significantly reduced compared to the pre-treatment value. Conclusion: Acute whole body vibration via static and dynamic heel raise posture have positive effect on mediolateral posture control during single-leg stance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution. Methods : I examined 64 patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis for a long time who visited Department of Dermatology in Kangnam Korean Hospital, Kyunghee University and classified them into 4 types according to Sasang constitution under consulting a Sasang specialist. 1. The Sasang specialist classified the patients using the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification Ⅱ(QSCCⅡ), body components examination, facial morphology measurement and Meridian function examination. 2. I analyzed the distribution of sex and age, first onset age, history period, digestion condition, existences of past history and family history, basal material volume, immunoglobulin E and eosinophil. Results and Conclusions : 1. As the distribution of sex and age, 28 patients(pts) were male and 36 pts were female. 20's female group was the most common. 2. As the distribution of Sasang constitution types, Soeumin were 28(43.7$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 24(37.5$\%$) pts, Soyangin were 11(17.2$\%$) pts, and Taeyangin was 1(1.6$\%$) pI. 3. As the mean age at first visit, Soeumin's was 20yrs, Taeumin's and Soyangin's were 27yrs, and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 4. As the mean onset age, Soeumin's was 7yrs the lowest, Taeumin's was 15.7yrs, Soyangin's was 10.54yrs and Taeyangin's was 15yrs. 5. As the history period. Soeumin's was 13.8yrs. Taeumin's was 11.8yrs. Soyangin's was 16.5yrs. Tae yangin's was 13yrs. 6. As the existence of past history of atopic diseases, Soeumin were 12(43$\%$) pts, Taeumin were 7(29$\%$) pts and Soyangin were 5(45$\%$) pts. 7. As immunoglobulin E, 21(75$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 7(25$\%$) pts were abnormal.. 22(92$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 2(8$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. As the defecation condition, 19(68$\%$) pts of Soeumin were normal, 9(32$\%$) pts were abnormal. 14(58$\%$) pts of Taeumin were normal, 10(42$\%$) pts were abnormal, 8(73$\%$) pts of Soyangin were normal, 3(27$\%$) pts were abnormal. 8. The mean value of immunoglobulin E of Soeumin was 1236, Taeeumin was 442, Soyangin was 2010, the mean value of eosinophil of Soeumin was 3.5, Taeeumin was 2.47, Soyangin was 4.28.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10905-10909
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of FNA-Tg for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Materials and Methods: A total of 58 patients with DTC diagnosis and evidence of single or multiple suspicious cervical lymph nodes were assessed. All underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy with (35 cases) or without (23 cases) radioiodine (RAI) ablation, followed by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. A total of 68 lymph nodes were examined by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) for both cytological examination and FNA-Tg measurement. Serum Tg and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were also measured. Diagnostic performance including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FNAC and FNA-Tg were calculated and compared. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between FNA-Tg and serum TgAb. Results: The FNA-Tg levels were significantly higher with DTC metastatic lymph nodes (median 927.7 ng/mL, interquartile range 602.9 ng/mL) than non-metastatic lymph nodes (median 0.1 ng/mL, interquartile range 0.4 ng/mL) (p<0.01). Considering 1.0 ng/mL as a threshold value for FNA-Tg, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of FNA-Tg were 95.7%, 95.5%, 95.6%, 97.8% and 91.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg were significantly higher than that of FNAC alone (p<0.05). The diagnostic performance of FNA-Tg was not significantly different between cases with or without RAI ablation, and the serum TgAb levels did not interfere with FNA-Tg measurements. Conclusions: Measurement of FNA-Tg is useful. The combination of FNAC and FNA-Tg is more sensitive and accurate for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with a history of DTC than FNAC alone. Serum TgAbs appear to be irrelevant for measurement of FNA-Tg.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

This study is a report on recently discovered medical records based on traditional medicine in the 1900s. First, the contents of the records and their significance are described in detail. Next, a simple example of the research follows, in order to explain the medical and historical significance the records contain and to answer the question of how this historical document can contribute to future medical and historical studies. The documents dealt with in this study, the Chunggang Medical Records, are medical records compiled by a Korean doctor of oriental medicine by the name of Younghun Kim who practiced in the center of Seoul for a period of over 60 years. The records, which eventually amounted to over 1,500 books, were made known to the academic world when the descendents recently donated them to Kyunghee University. The reason these medical records attract so much attention from academic circles, even though they are the work of one individual, is that they contain abundant information on general public medical health at the time, in addition to the fact that Kim Younghun was a well known figure among Oriental Medicine doctors in Korea. The medical records start in 1915 and continue until Kim Younhun's death in 1974, though they have some damaged or missing parts. Kim's medical records are a gold mine not only for scholars studying the medical history of the early 1900s, but also for doctors trying to emulate the techniques embedded in a great predecessor's medical practice.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.81-112
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• 2015

This essay interrogates the category of the 'global' in the emerging domain of 'global intellectual history'. Through a case study of the Indian social-religious reformer Rammohun Roy (1772/4-1833), I argue that notions of global selfhood and rights-consciousness (which have been preoccupying concerns of recent debates in intellectual history) have multiple conceptual and practical points of origin. Thus in early colonial India a person like Rammohun Roy could invoke centuries-old Indic terms of globality (vishva, jagat, sarva, sarvabhuta, etc.), selfhood (atman/brahman), and notions of right (adhikara) to liberation/salvation (mukti/moksha) as well as late precolonial discourses on 'worldly' rights consciousness (to life, property, religious toleration) and models of participatory governance present in an Indo-Islamic society, and hybridize these with Western-origin notions of rights and liberties. Thereby Rammohun could challenge the racial and confessional assumptions of colonial authority and produce a more deterritorialized and non-sectarian idea of selfhood and governance. However, Rammohun's comparativist world-historical notions excluded other models of selfhood and globality, such as those produced by devotional Vaishnava, Shaiva, and Shakta-Tantric discourses under the influence of non-Brahmanical communities and women. Rammohun's puritan condemnation of non-Brahmanical sexual and gender relations created a homogenized and hierarchical model of globality, obscuring alternate subaltern-inflected notions of selfhood. Class, caste, and gender biases rendered Rammohun supportive of British colonial rule and distanced him from popular anti-colonial revolts and social mobility movements in India. This article argues that today's intellectual historians run the risk of repeating Rammohun's biases (or those of Hegel's Weltgeschichte) if they privilege the historicity and value of certain models of global selfhood and rights-consciousness (such as those derived from a constructed notion of the 'West' or from constructed notions of various 'elite' classicized 'cultures'), to the exclusion of models produced by disenfranchised actors across the world. Instead of operating through hierarchical assumptions about local/global polarity, intellectual historians should remain sensitive to and learn from the universalizable models of selfhood, rights, and justice produced by actors in different spatio-temporal locations and intersections.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2021

This research aims to find a way to utilize the literature to select the herbs to be added or subtracted according to the condition of the patient after determining the basic prescription to be used for the patient. The study is based on data concerning the herbal composition and application of prescriptions described in the Donguibogam. The composition herbs was expressed as a weight ratio, the standard deviation of the weight ratio was calculated for each prescription, and the case where the weight ratio was greater than the base value (highest weight ratio - standard deviation) was designated as a principal herb. The various expressions of applications were changed to representative terms by the researcher and used to calculate the frequency. Of the 4,373 prescriptions for Donguibogam, 3,307 were able to be expressed in terms of weight ratios with 640 prescriptions using Rehmannia glutinosa, Cnidium officinale, Angelica gigas and Paeonia lactiflora as the principle herb. Of the 640 prescriptions, 508 prescriptions included applied information. Rehmannia glutinosa can also be used for symptoms such as fetal leakage(胎漏), short ingestion(食少), fever(發熱), dazed expression(眼花). Cnidium officinale can also be used for symptoms such as migraine(偏頭痛), stroke(中風癱瘓), tetanus(破傷風). Angelica gigas can also be used for symptoms such as forgetfulness(健忘), incontinence of urination(小便不通), palpitations(驚悸). Paeonia lactiflora can also be used for symptoms such as heart pain and abdominal pain(心腹痛), cough(咳嗽).