• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.366-378
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a sodium index, which is a tool for estimating and assessing sodium intake easily and quickly, to assist in the prevention of various diseases induced by excess sodium intake in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h urine collection and dietary behavior surveys were performed on 640 healthy people in 4 regions of South Korea, and an equation for the estimation of 24-h sodium intake was developed. The validity and reliability of the equation were verified with 200 adults. The sodium index was developed by converting the estimated sodium intake using the equation. Finally, the sodium intake status of 1,600 adults was assessed using the sodium index. RESULTS: The equation included sex, age, body mass index, eating habit and dietary behaviors related to sodium intake. In validity test of the equation, the mean bias between sodium intake using 24-h urine analysis and using the equation from the Bland-Altman plots was -1.5 mg/day. The sensitivity and specificity of the equation for estimation of sodium intake were 80.5% and 64.4%, respectively. In the reliability test of the equation, there was no significant difference between the first and second sodium intakes calculated using the equations, and Spearman's correlation coefficient between the 2 sodium intakes was 0.98. Sodium intake can be assessed as 'very moderate' for 75-100 on the sodium index, 'moderate' for 100-150, 'careful' for less than 75 or 150-200, and 'severe' for 250 or more. When sodium intake was assessed using the sodium index in 1,600 subjects, 54.3% and 24.3% of the subjects were assessed to be in the 'careful' and 'severe' categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using a simple questionnaire, the sodium index can be used to monitor and assess sodium intake status, assisting in nutrition education and counseling in a large population.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.591-601
• /
• 2020

The self-organizing map (SOM) is a unsupervised learning method projecting high-dimensional data into low-dimensional nodes. It can visualize data in 2 or 3 dimensional space using the nodes and it is available to explore characteristics of data through the nodes. To understand the structure of data, cluster analysis is often used for nodes obtained from SOM. In cluster analysis, the optimal number of clusters is one of important issues. To help to determine it, various cluster validity indexes have been developed and they can be applied to clustering outcomes for nodes from SOM. However, while SOM has an advantage in that it reflects the topological properties of original data in the low-dimensional space, these indexes do not consider it. Thus, we propose a new cluster validity index for SOM based on connectivity between nodes which considers topological properties of data. The performance of the proposed index is evaluated through simulations and it is compared with various existing cluster validity indexes.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2007

It is important to examine patients' subjective evaluation as well as objective measures and clinician's rating to assess voice disorders. This study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of Korean-version of Voice Handicap Index (KVHI) and Voice-Related Quality of Life (KVQOL) with 113 adults with voice disorders and 111 normal adults. Content validity was verified by three experienced speech-language pathologists. Concurrent validity was revealed by examining the correlation among KVHI, KVQOL, and Voice Rating Scale as well as item discrimination coefficients. Total scores of KVHI and KVQOL of adults with voice disorders were significantly different from those of normal adults. Test-retest reliability and internal consistencies were significantly high in both KVHI and KVQOL. Correlations among scores of each subscale and total score were also significantly high in each tool. The study revealed that KVHI and KVQOL are suitable tools to be used in clinics and research areas in Korea, which can subjectively evaluate the effects of voice disorders on daily life as well as on quality of life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2011

Constructs with seven latent evaluation indicators and 18 observable survey questions were developed by food and nutrition experts to calculate a food safety recognition and practice index for children. The purpose of this study was to suggest statistical approaches to test construction validity on the constructs, obtain weights of the evaluation indicators, and develop questionnaires to calculate a children's food recognition and practice index. Survey data of 2,400 elementary fifth grade students were used as empirical results. Test validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed to be highly significant by confirmatory factor analysis [i.e., linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis]. Standardized path coefficients of the LISREL analysis were suggested based on weights, and the weights were compared using the AHP and Delphi methods.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2000

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the validity of the BMI as an indicator of obesity for Koreans. The usefulness of the BMI to represent overweight and obesity was evaluated by measuring the relative validity of sensitivity and specificity, and was compared with the validity of triceps skinfold thickness(mm). To measure the relative validity of the BMI and triceps skinfold thickness, body fat(%) was used as a reference measure of obesity. The study population included 844 participants aged 20-69 years who resided in Kuri City in Kyunggi province. Participants were measured regarding weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness and body fat. The prevalence of obesity for male subjects was 32.0%, 66.2%, and 0.9%, and for female subjects, 17.6%, 56.1%, 12.4% based on the BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, and body fat(%) respectively. The prevalence of obesity was higher based on the BMI or triceps skinfold thickness than body fat measurement. The sensitivity and specificity of the BMI were 33.3% and 67.9% in male subjects and 77.7% and 90.8% in female subjects. Sensitivity of the BMI was lower, and specificity was higher than those of triceps skinfold thickness. In summary, BMI as an indicator of obesity for Korean showed a tendency of overestimation of obesity prevalence. Therefore, there is a need to develop a more reliable obesity index other than the BMI for Koreans.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was to validate the Korean version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Students (K-JSE-HPS) in undergraduate nursing students. Methods: With a survey design, a total of 293 junior and senior nursing students were recruited and data were collected using a self-administered study questionnaire to measure their levels of empathy use the K-JSE-HPS. Using SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 22.0, data analysis was conducted with confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity, and reliability. Results: For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (Goodness of Fit Index was 0.88) along with confirming convergent and discriminant validity (construct reliability was 0.70). For criterion validity, the scale was significantly related with the Interpersonal Reaction Index. For reliability, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and for the subscales were 0.84, 0.78, and 0.69, respectively. Conclusion: The findings show satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability of the Korean version of the JSE-HPS for measuring empathy in undergraduate nursing students.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was performed to modify the performance-based assessment tool, Melbourne Low-Vision ADL Index (MLVAI) had been developed in Australia to suit the Korea culture to verify the reliability and validity. Methods: The subjects were only over the age of 20 living in communities, 26 with low-vision and 42 normal persons. The Korean MLVAI was completed through the expert translation verification and validation of the configuration tool. The validity of the Korean MLVAI was established through the content, discriminant, and convergent validity. Also, the reliability was analyzed through internal consistency reliability for the items, test-retest, and interrater reliability. Results: The Content Validity Index(CVI) was more than .78. There was a statically significant low in low-vision. Also, there was a statically significant low in low-vision. The convergent validity was determined the correlation coefficient of .751 analyzing LVQOL and Korean MLVAI total score, had a significant correlation(p<.05). Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient indicated an internal consistency of .983(p<.05). Test-retest reliability had a high, significant correlation of .976 and interrater reliability had a high, an intraclass correlation coefficient of .91(p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study mean that the Korean MLVAI which was modified to fit the Korean is the ADL assessment tool with both validity and reliability. Based on this study, the Korean MLVAI can be used as a useful ADL assessment for OT interventions in low vision.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the severity of illness in high risk newborns. Method: The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire about the severity of illness index that was given to 8 health professionals in Neonatal Intensity Care Units (NICU) second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a pre-test. Finally, from July 2005 to May 2006, reliability and validity were tested with a sample of 160 high risk newborns admitted to the NICU. Results: The final tool to identify the severity of illness index in high risk newborns consisted 39 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .922. Using factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted and these factors explained 54.451% of the total variance. Conclusion: The instrument for assessing the severity of illness in high risk newborns developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessing and implementing care for high risk newborns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.652-660
• /
• 2010

The aim of this study was to develop a KDPS (Korean dietary pattern score) to assess dietary patterns and diet quality of Koreans from a food culture perspective. The KDPS was applied to dietary data collected during the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2007, and the validity and reliability of the KDPS were evaluated. The targets of the study included 2,278 Korean adults aged 20n89 years. The KDPS was developed using the sum of the scores of 13 components. Each component scored up to 10 points and there was a total of 130 points. The first seven components were for the KSMS (Korean-style meal score) and assessed the dietary balance based on the 3-Chup Bansang daily basic table setting. The components numbered 8 to 13 were for the FGS (food group score), which measured the degree of compliance with the six major food groups based on the Korean recommendation for one serving size of grains, meats, vegetables, fruits, milk, and oils. This KDPS was verified through content validity, concurrent-criterion validity, principal components analysis, and a reliability analysis. The results showed that content validity and construct validity were high. The KDPS developed in this study adhered to the Korean dietary pattern and a healthy diet intake. Furthermore, this study presented an integrated index by scoring the Korean style table setting in addition to evaluating meals from a nutrition perspective. This study can be extended to develop a score for assessing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.363-379
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Person-Centered Practice Inventory-Staff (PCPI-S) for nurses. Methods: The English PCPI-S was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Data were collected from 338 nurses at one general hospital in Korea. Construct validity was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Known-group validity was also evaluated. Cronbach's α was used to assess the reliability. Results: The PCPI-S Korean version consisted of 51 items in three areas: prerequisites, the care environment, and person-centered process. The comparative fit index (CFI) and values of person-centered care process were improved after engagement and having sympathetic presence items were combined as one component. The construct validity of PCPI-S Korean version was verified using four-factor structures (.05 < RMSEA < .10, AGFI > .70, CFI > .70, and AIC). The convergent validity and discriminant validity of the entire PCPI-S question were verified using a two-factor structures (AVE > .50, construct reliability > .70). There was an acceptable known-group validity with a significant correlation between the PCPI-S level and the degree of person-centered care awareness and education. Internal consistency was reliable with Cronbach's α .95. Conclusion: The Korean version of PCPI-S is valid and reliable. It can be used as a standardized Korean version of person-centered care measurement tool. Abbreviation: RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; AGFI = adjusted goodness of fit index; AIC = Akaike information criterion; AVE = average variance extracted.