• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2001

A 37-week gestation female neonatal infant presented with lower abdominal distension. Ultrasonography showed a hydrocolpos, measuring $8.3cm{\times}6.9cm{\times}6.1cm$ in size and on perineal examination, vaginal atresia was noticed. On a follow-up ultrasonography performed 41 days after aspiration, the hydrocolpos was enlarged to $10cm{\times}8cm{\times}7cm$ in size, and compressed adjacent small bowel significantly with concomitant bilateral hydronephrosis. Temporary tubed vaginostomy was carried out with the provision of excellent drainage and easy access for contrast studies to outline the pathologic anatomy. We are planning to perform vaginal reconstructive surgery on her age around 2 years, when her vaginal structure might grow sufficiently for reconstructive surgery.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권sup1호
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• pp.113-115
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• 2008

Clinical experience on FDG PET in urothelial tumors, vulva and vaginal carcinoma is still limited. The main interest of this review is to study a bibliographic review and applications of PET for urothelial tumors, vulva and vaginal carcinoma. The role of positron emission tomography (PET) is still evolving but is likely to be most important in determining early spread of disease in patients with aggressive tumors and for monitoring response to therapy. More extensive clinical investigations are necessary to support this indications.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1979

A good animal model that simulates the human subject has not been available for the evaluation of the in vivo effectiveness of vaginal contraceptives. After careful consideration, The stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) was studied for its applicability since it has a reproductive tract similar to that of the woman, is easy to handle, does not require tranquilization or anesthesia when the contraceptive is deposited, and breeds and conceives readily under caged conditions. The reported observations show the usefulness of this animal. Both postcoital sperm motility studies and breeding experiments were performed with the use of Delfen vaginal cream and K-Y jelly. K-Y jelly had no effect on the motility of vaginal spermatozoa or on the conception rate of the primates. Although Delfen vaginal cream consistently immobilized all spermatozoa in the postcoital test, half of the animals became pregnant within an average of 3.7 breeding cycles. These results illustrate the discrepancy between spermicidal tests and fertility measurements, and it is recommended that primate-breeding experiments be performed before a spermicide is evaluated in women as a contraceptive. (AM J. OBSTET. GYNECOL, 129:368, 1977.)

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate postoperative patient satisfaction, vaginal bleeding, and sexual function in women after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using a questionnaire mailed to 131 women who underwent LSH between 2008 and 2011at the Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, D University Hospital in Chungnam province. Indication for LSH was uterine myoma. The questionnaire contained questions on overall postoperative satisfaction, influence on quality of life of vaginal bleeding, and sexual satisfaction following surgery. Data were collected from March to July 2013 and 109 (83.2%) patients returned the questionnaire. Results: Most women reported being very satisfied (90.8%) or satisfied (7.3%), but 2 women (1.8%) were not satisfied with LSH. Four patients (3.4%) reported experiencing vaginal bleeding but with no negative influence on quality of life. Of sexually active women, 82 patients (90.1%) reported improvements in sexual function, 8 patients (8.8%) reported "no change", and one patient (1.1%) reported a deterioration Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that LSH is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction, no negative influence on quality of life from vaginal bleeding, and improvement in sexual function to a minimum 2 years after the procedure.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. EPA and OECD are developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect on humans. In the present study, the establishment of in vivo short-term test system for pubertal female assay with thyroid to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals was tried using a model substance, methoxychlor (MC), a chlorinated hydrocarbon insencticide. Forty female rats were assigned to four groups. MC was administered at dose levels of 0, 8, 40 and 200mg/kg by gavage to female rats from day 21 post partum to the completion of vaginal opening. We evaluated body weight change, age at vaginal opening, onset of estrous cyclicity, age at first esturs, ovary weight, and serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in female rats. The age at vaginal opening of females receiving 40 200mg/kg was significantly younger than control. The onset of estrus cyclicity and age at first estrus of females receiving 200mg/kg was also younger than controls. There was no effect of treatment on body weight, ovary weight, and hormone concentration. Based on these results, it can be concluded that application of MC at dose level of 40mg/kg affects the vaginal opening and application of MC at dose level of 200mg/kg accelerates the vaginal opening and the onset of estrus cylicity.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to improve prehospital emergency care for patients with labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape experience by analyzing the reports of 119 emergency medical technicians. Methods: Data were prehospital reports of 190 patients having chief complaints of labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape in Chungcheongnam-do from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 descriptive statistics and $x^2$-test. Results: From the 190 cases of labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape, labor pain accounted for 57.9% including 75.5% of normal delivery; vaginal bleeding accounted for 35.8% including 26.5% of postpartum hemorrhage; and rape victims accounted for 6.3%. Cases with more than one vital sign accounted for 94.2%, but cases without primary assessment of the obstetrics and gynaecology accounted for 38.4% from gestation weeks, 78.0% from parity, and 87.4% from history taking relating to event. Patient care including emotional support was the first priority care accounted for 78.4% and 60% of care was keeping the patients warm. Conclusion : In order to handle various emergency situations properly, the records must be supplemented by obstetrical and gynaecological rape checklist and rape victims supporting system should be established.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2013

Purpose: The study was done to survey feminine hygiene and vaginal douche practices in middle-aged women to obtain basic information for public health education. Methods: With a descriptive survey design, 134 middle-aged women who have menstrual period were recruited via convenience sampling. Survey contents were from the study by Czerwinski (2000) regarding feminine hygiene and vaginal douching practices. After obtaining IRB approval, a self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed to study participants. Results: Mean age of middle-aged women was 46.88 years old. Fifty-six percent of the women practiced vaginal douching. Women performed douching with water (68%), commercial products (13%), soap (12%), and vinegar-mixed water (6%) for clean and fresh feeling, removal of unpleasant odor, and removal of vaginal discharge. Vaginal douche practice was significantly related to a history of vaginitis. Conclusion: The study results indicate that most of the women practiced inadequate feminine hygiene especially in douching, suggesting that is important to develop education programs on feminine hygiene practices for women of all ages, especially regarding douching and hand washing before and after changing pads or tampons.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2022

There have been few reports on extra-enteric infections by Blastocystis STs and none have been molecularly identified in samples from human reproductive organs. We report for the first time the identification of 3 different subtypes of Blastocystis (ST1-3) in vaginal and sperm samples, from patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. Blastocystis STs were identified by PCR-sequencing and by phylogenetic inferences using 28 vaginal swab samples and 7 sperm samples from patients trichomoniasis. Blastocystis STs were identified in 6 of 28 vaginal swabs (21.4%) and in 3 of 7 sperm samples (42.8%). In both biological samples, STs 1-3 were found; one vaginal sample showed subtype co-infection with ST1 and ST3. High genetic variation was observed in the sequences obtained and no specific clustering in the phylogenetic trees was detected. Most of the haplotypes identified were placed far from the main dispersal centers. Our finding suggested that incorrect cleaning of the genital area or a contamination by combination of anal and vaginal intercourse.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

To investigate the biochemical nature of changes in vaginal physiology during estrus and pregnancy, we examined the cytology and viscosity, and monitored the protein expression profile in vaginal mucus during estrus and pregnancy. The viscosity progressively decreased from estrus to pregnancy. Cell type analysis revealed that white blood cells progressively increased from estrus to pregnancy, while red blood cells progressively decreased during pregnancy. The cornification index (CI) was higher in estrus than in pregnancy. Protein mass spectrumetry identified the presence of ribosome-binding protein 1, GRIP 1 (Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1)-associated protein 1, DUF729 (Domain of unknown function729) domain-containing protein 1, prolactin precursor, dihydrofolatereductase, and MMP (Matrix metalloprotease)-9 in vaginal mucus. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in the vaginal mucus were active throughout estrus and gestation, as measured by a gelatinase assay, but most abundant in the vaginal mucus on day 0 of estrus. Results from ELISA of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were in accordance with the gelatinase assay. In light of the crucial role of metalloproteinases in extracellular matrix remodeling, the level of MMP-9 in vaginal mucus might be useful as an indicator of estrus and pregnancy to increase the efficiency of reproduction.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1988

The present study was carried out to investigate the estrous behavior and vaginal smear after induction of estrus with exogenous hormones in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. A total of 21 bitches(Mixed breed: 16, Jindo breed: 5), from 10 months to 5 years of age and weighing 8 to 15 kg was studied the change of vaginal smear and the estrous behavior before and after induction of estrus. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the treatment A(They were given the $PGF_2{\alpha}$, estrone, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, PMSG and HCG) proestrus commenced in $10.16{\pm}1.44$($Mean{\pm}SEM$) days after treatment, The mean duration of proestrus, and estrus was $7.50{\pm}1.44$ and $13.50{\pm}3.44$ days, respectively. In the treatment B(They were given the PMSG and HCG) proestrus commenced in $5.53{\pm}0.59$ days after treatment. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus was $6.60{\pm}0.71$ and $14.60{\pm}1.14$ days, respectively. 2. All of the 6 bitches in the treatment A showed vulval swelling and vaginal discharge, 14 of the 15 bitches in the treatment B showed vulval swelling and vaginal discharge. However, all of the treatment A and B showed male acceptance. 3. The main change of vaginal smear in proestrus and estrus after induction of estrus was a increase in the proportion of anuclear and superficial cells associated with a decrease in small intermediate and parabasal cells. By the estrous behavior and vaginal smear the estrus was induced in all the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches.