• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7395-7399
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• 2014

Background: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially with high-risk types such as HPV16 and HPV18, has been identified as the primary cause of cervical cancer. E6 and E7 are the major onco-proteins of high-risk HPVs, which are consistently expressed in HPV infected tissues but absent in normal tissues and represent ideal therapeutic targets for immunotherapy of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, the optimized fusion gene HPV18 E6E7 (HPV18 ofE6E7) was constructed according to genetic codon usage for human genes. At the same time, for safety future clinical application, a mutant of HPV18 ofE6E7 fusion gene was generated by site-directed mutagenesis at L52G for the E6 protein and C98G for the E7 protein. Results: HPV18-E6E7 mutant (HPV18 ofmE6E7) constructed in this work not only lost the transformation capability for NIH 3T3 cells and tumorigenicity in BALB/c nude mice, but also maintained very good stability and antigenicity. Conclusion: These results suggest that the mutant should undergo further study for application as a safe antigenspecific therapeutic vaccine for HPV18-associated tumors.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

Fowl red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important ectoparasite affecting egg layers worldwide. More than 35 compounds have been used for fowl red mite control. Although some of them are efficient, several compounds are unsuitable in terms of food safety and environmental problems. Some compounds are efficient in theory but inadequate in practice. It is also expensive in material and labor to control effectively. Effective doses are very close to toxic doses and repeated treatment is required. Repeated, long term treatment of compounds on fowl red mite populations, may cause heritable resistance against the mites. In this study, antigenicity of fowl red mite and house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, were identified by SDS-PAGE, silver staining, Western blotting and ELISA to investigate immune effects against fowl red mite using somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite. By SDS-PAGE, silver staining and Western blotting, several common antigens (110, 60, 56, 49, 46 kDa) of both fowl red mite and house dust mite were recognized. To identify immune effect of somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite, sixty white leghorn broilers(1 week old) were used. Among sixty white leghorn broilers, twenty were immunized with fowl red mite somatic antigens(Group I), twenty immunized with house dust mite antigens(Group II), and twenty were control group without antigen(Group III), respectively. After immunization, it was identified that antibody titers were increased both in group and II. Then all groups were challenged with fowl red mites. After 2 months, measurements of body weights, packed cell volume(PCV), ELISA OD values and numbers of mites were significant(p<0.05). These results suggest that fowl red mite and house dust mite, which are easy to collect and maintain, can be good vaccine candidates against fowl red mite in chicken.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2003

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the toxicity of the thimerosal in embryos and neonates. Thimerosal (also known as mercurothiolate) is a mercury-containing compound used in trace amounts to prevent bacteria and other organisms from contaminating vaccines, especially in opened multi-dose vials. The toxicity of mercury is well known and those most at risk occurrs in unborn babies and newborn babies. Test methods included in vitro whole embryo culture (WEC) system and in vivo test of neonatal toxicity in Wistar rats. Ethylmercury and methylmercury were used as positive controls for the evaluating of toxic effects of mercury. In WEC assay, treated concentrations of thimerosal, ethylmercury and methylmercury were up to 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$, respectively. All compounds didn't show any morphological abnormalities, but showed retardation of growth and development in dose dependent manner (> 0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$). These data indicated that thimerosal showed developmental toxicity in vitro. In vivo neonatal toxicity, Wistar rats were administered subcutaneously with thimerosal, ethyl mercury, or methylmercury (5, 25, 50, 250, and 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) during from postnatal day (PND) 4 to 25. Significant effects of these compounds on relative organ weights and organ morphology were not observed in this experiment. However, accumulation of mercury was detected in the kidney and testis when treated with thimerosal, ethylmercury, or methylmercury. These results suggest that thimerosal may be a harmful compound to embryo and neonate, but used concentration of thimerosal in these experiments is much higher than that of clinical application. Further investigation is needed on the safety of vaccine components, i.e. a thimerosal using in vitro and in vivo tests in the future.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

목적: 2007년 로타바이러스 백신이 국내에 도입된 이후, 장겹침증은 백신 접종의 안전성과 관련하여 중요한 이슈 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 로타바이러스 백신 도입에 따른 장겹침증 발생 양상을 조사하여 우리나라 소아에서 로타바이러스 백신 접종과 장겹침증 발생 위험과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년부터 2015년까지 가천대학교 의과대학 길병원에 장겹침증으로 확진되어 입원 치료를 받은 18세 이하 환자들의 데이터를 조사하였다. 또한 2008년 이후에 장겹침증이 발생한 환자들에서는 로타바이러스 백신 접종력을 확인하였다. 매년 1세 미만 소아의 비율을 조사하였고, 백신 도입 이후 이들의 백신 접종과 장겹침증 발생 사이의 시간적 관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 장겹침증으로 입원한 소아 환자의 수는 총 696명이었고, 이 중 1세 미만은 30.7% (214/696)였다. 13년 동안 전체 소아청소년 장겹침증 환자의 발생률은 점차 증가하였으나(2003년 74.1 대 2015년 89.5, 선형 대 선형 결합, P=0.003) 1세 미만 장겹침증 환자의 발생률은 증가하지 않았고(2003년 56.9 대 2015년 53.3, 선형 대 선형 결합, P=0.910), 전체 소아청소년 장겹침증 환자 중 1세 미만 환자의 비율은 점차 감소하는 추세를 보였다(2003년 35.4 대 2015년 18.8, 선형 대 선형 결합, P=0.000). 2008년 이후에 발생한 1세 미만 장겹침증 환자 128명 중 로타바이러스 백신 접종 경력이 있었던 환자는 53.9% (n=69)이었다. 백신을 접종받았던 환자에서 증상 발생 30일 이내에 접종을 받았던 환자는 10명이었고 증상 발생 31-60일 이내에 접종을 받았던 환자는 8명이었다. 이들 18명 중 1차 접종 후에 증상이 발생한 경우가 3명, 2차 접종 후에 발생한 경우가 10명, 3차 접종 후에 발생한 경우가 5명이었다. 결론: 로타바이러스 백신 도입 이후 1세 미만 장겹침증 발생은 증가하지 않았지만 백신의 안전성을 평가하기 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

Adenoviral vector(AdV) has been the most widely used viral vector for delivering an exogenous therapeutic gene to human. As of this date, more clinical trials utilize recombinant AdV to treat cancer and monogenic inherited disease as well as vaccine applications. However, the number of clinical trials had dropped markedly following the tragic death of a patient ongoing an AdV therapy for the treatment of an ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency(OTCD). This review is an attempt to provide the information on toxicity generated by AdVmediated gene transfer. It would serve as a sobering reality to researchers and clinicians exploring the use of AdV, as to the complications involved in human application.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) strain against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in layer chickens. Birds were orally primed with the attenuated ST strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (PPI). Sequential monitoring of plasma IgG and mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) levels revealed that inoculation with ST induced a significant antibody response to antigens against ST, SE, and SG. Moreover, significant lymphoproliferative responses to the 3 Salmonella serovars were observed in the immunized group. We also investigated protection against virulent ST, SE, and SG strain challenge. Upon virulent SG challenge, the immunized group showed significantly reduced mortality compared to the non-immunized group. The reduced persistence of the virulent ST and SE challenge strains in the liver, spleen, and cecal tissues of the immunized group suggests that immunization with the attenuated ST strain may not only protect against ST infection but can also confer cross protection against SE and SG infection.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2021

The COVID-19 curve seesawed and reached the fourth pandemic in July 2021. Since the first three waves, the focus has been on achieving herd immunity through vaccination while a lot of manpower is used for quarantine. However, we have not been able to prevent the fourth wave. The causes are thought to be related to people who doubt the safety of the vaccine and refuse it or violate quarantine guidelines such as social distancing. This study examined guidelines for preventing and controlling COVID-19, the accuracy of vaccination-related information, and described quarantine measures including for those who completed vaccination. In conclusion, prevention and vaccination are the most effective countermeasures against COVID-19. We recommend people vaccination with self-quarantine. Also, it is necessary to make large investments to protect and support nurses in future pandemics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

Theileria sergenti merozoite의 면역원성 polypeptide중 29, 34, 35 그리고 105KD를 함유한, 수용성 항원을 흘스타인 송아지 (1개월령)에게 접종한 후, 제주도의 야외 목장에 방목시킴으로써 진드기로부터 병원성 충주의 도전에 따른 항원의 효력, 안전성 그리고 방어력을 관찰하였다. 즉 송아지 20두에 수용성 항원(100 mg/dose)을 Freund's adjuvant와 함께 1차 접종, 4주 후에 추가접종하였으며, 다른 20두의 송아지를 대조군으로 사용하였다. 추가접종 5주 후에 이들 송아지를 야외 목장에 방목, 매월 혈액학적 그리고 생화학적 변화를 관찰하였다 예방접종군에 있어서 hematocrit와 총적혈구수는 진드기 도전 전과 비교하여 약간의 변화를 인정할 수 있었다. 일반적인 혈액학적 소견은 예방접종군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 인정할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 7월에 있어서 적혈구내 기생률은 예방접종군에 있어서는 0.4%이었으나, 대조군에 있어서는 약 3.6%이었다. 체중 증가율, albumin, aspartate alninotransferase, total protein, 그리고 bilirubin에 있어서도 유의한 차이 (p<0.05)를 인정할 수 있었다. 예방접종군의 혈액학적 그리고 생화학적 측정치는 대조군 보다는 정상치에 접근하였다. 실험종료 직후에 있어서 예방접종군의 30% 송아지와 대조군의 모든 송아지의 치료와 대조군 중 25%는 수혈이 요구되었다. T. sergenti merozoite의 수용성 항원에 대한 이 같은 연구 결과는 앞으로 유전공학적 백신제조를 위한 연구자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

목 적: 황열은 모기에 의해 전염되는 급성 바이러스 출혈열로 중부아프리카와 열대 남아메리카에서 주로 발생한다. 이 연구는 황열 백신을 접종한 소아 및 청소년 여행객에게 이상반응에 대한 임상적 고찰을 시행하여 백신의 안전성 및 이상반응에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 시행하였다. 방 법: 이 연구에서는 2007년 4월 1일-2008년 6월 30일까지 국립의료원 해외여행클리닉을 방문한 소아 및 청소년 125명을 대상으로 하였다. 황열백신 투여 이후 6회의 전화면담을 통해 백신투여와 이상반응과의 관련성에 대하여 평가하였다. 결 과: 황열백신을 투여한 11개월에서 19세 사이의 소아 및 청소년 125명 중 이상반응의 발생은 31명(24.8 %)이었다. 증상으로는 주사부위의 통증(8.8%)이 가장 많았고 뒤를 이어 부종(6.4%), 발적(5.6%), 발열(4.0%), 두통(4.0%)순서였다. 대부분의 이상반응은 백신 투여 후 7일 이내에 발생했으며 성별 및 연령과 이상반응간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 증상을 호소한 모두 자연적으로 혹은 보존적인 치료에 증상이 호전되었다. 결 론: 이 연구에서 황열백신은 우리나라 소아나 청소년에게 심각한 이상반응 없이 널리 사용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나 심각한 부작용의 원인이나 위험요소에 대한 연구는 지속적으로 필요할 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2011

The test method for biologics of lot release system is based on 'Test procedure and specification for biological products,' generally, thimerosal content is measured by chemical analysis using O.D. In this study, the comparative analysis was carried out using the gold amalgamation method for thimerosal content was compared to the existing methods, which are described above. The gold amalgamation method, which uses atomic absorption spectrophotometry, was meets all the method validation acceptance criteria. It is considered to be proper as the assay and identification test for thimerosal. In this study, the comparative analysis was performed three times. As a result, gold amalgamation method is more convenient and easy to perform as this assay doesn't have pre-treatment procedure. Also this assay showed good precision and reproducibility compared to the conventional method. Therefore, it is appropriate to alternate the assay method of thimerosal from the conventional chemical analysis to gold amalgamation method to improve the credibility of lot release system and the quality control of biologics, by standardizing test method.