• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 1980

N-비닐요소(VU)와 초산비닐(VAc)의 라디칼혼성중합을 $60^{\circ}C$에서 삼종류의 용매중에서 행하였다. VU-VAc혼성중합체를 methanolysis하여 VU-비닐알코올(VA)혼성중합체를 제조하고 이 VU-VA혼성중합체의 질소를 분석함으로써 VU-VAc 혼성중합의 단위체반응성비와 VU의 Q와 $\varrho$값을 구하였다. 중합용매로서 메탄올과 메탄올-티옥산을 사용한 경우에 얻어진 VU의 Q 및 e값은 이중결합에 >NCO-기를 가지는 다른 단위체의 Q 및 $\varrho$ 값과 비교된다. $\varrho$ 값은 VU의 요소기가 전자를 밀어주는 기라는 것을 시사한다. VU-VAc계의 혼성중합 파라미터에 VU는 큰 용매효과를 나타내며 이 결과는 중합온도에서 VU가 tautomer와 평형을 이루고 있는 것으로 하여 해석될 수 있다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Open fractures of the foot and ankle require prompt repair of the wound due to the complexity of anatomy, insufficiency of soft tissues and inadequate blood supply. Early flaps and skin grafts are used for this purpose yet general condition of the patient as well as local wound environment often precludes such treatment options. Vacuum- Assisted Closure (VAC) is recently being used in such cases. This study was done to validate the use of VAC together with silver antimicrobial dressing materials in contaminated open fracture wounds. Materials and Methods: We have selected 10 patients with Gustillo-Anderson type III open fractures of the foot & ankle treated with VAC and silver antimicrobial dressing materials from March 2007 to January 2008. The relationship between duration of treatment with wound size, contamination, and degree of soft tissue damage was analyzed. Results: The average age of patients was 36.6 years. The average amount of VAC application time was 23.4 days. Silver dressing materials were used for 16.8 days. Average wound healing time was 51.9 days. Statistically significant relationship was found between wound size, VAC application time and silver dressing material application time. No complications such as osteomyelitis were found after treatment. Conclusion: VAC technique is recently being used in open fractures with wide skin and soft tissue defects, producing good results. A wide array of dressing materials such as silver dressing is in development. We have incorporated the VAC technique together with silver dressing materials in the treatment of open fractures and achieved complication free results.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2009

Purpose: Negative pressure therapy has been used in various conditions to promote wound healing. It has also been used to secure a skin graft by improving microcirculation and improving tight adhesion between the graft and the recipient bed. To reduce post burn scar contracture and improve aesthetical result, many types of dermal substitutes have been invented and used widely. The goal of this study was evaluate usefulness of the VAC (Kinetic concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) in improving the take rate and time to incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ in reconstruction of burn scar contracture. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from October, 2006 to December, 2008. The VAC was utilized for 11 patients. The average patient's age was 19.7 years (range 5 - 27) and average surface area was $785cm^2$ (range 24 - 1600). The burn scars were excised deep into normal subcutaneous tissue to achieve complete release of the scar, Integra$^{(R)}$ was sutured in place with skin staple와 Steri - strip$^{(R)}$. Then slit incisions were made on silicone sheet only with No.11 blade for effective drainage. The VAC was used as a bolster dressing over Integra$^{(R)}$. Negative - Pressure ranging from 100 to 125 mm Hg was applied to black polyurethane foam sponge trimmed to the appropriate wound size. An occlusive seal over the black polyurethane foam sponge was maintained by a combination of the occlusive dressing, OP - site$^{(R)}$. The VAC dressing changes were performed every 3 or 4 days until adequate incorporation was obtained. The neodermis appeared slightly yellow to orange color. When the Integra$^{(R)}$ deemed clinically incorporated, The VAC was removed and take was estimated with visual inspection. Very thin STSG(0.006 ~ 0.008 inches) was performed after silicone sheet removal. Result: The mean time for clinically assessed incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ was 10.00 days (range 9 - 12). The mean dressing change was 3.5 times until take was obtained. In All patients, Integra$^{(R)}$ had successful incorporation in tissue without serious complications. Conclusion: Integra$^{(R)}$ in combination with Vacuum - Assisted Closure(VAC) may be incorporated earlier than conventional dressing method.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.543-547
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• 2002

DNA vaccines use eukaryote expression vectors to produce immunizing proteins in the vaccinated host and it represents a novel approach to vaccine and immuno-therapeutic development. We constructed a 2.9 kb compact plasmid vector (pVAC) which contains CMV promoter, polycloning site, BGH poly A terminator, ampicillin resistance gene and PBR322 origin. Enriched unmathlyated CpG motifs have introduced into pVAC-ISS1 and pVAC-ISS2 which are derived from pVAC for enhancing Thl responses. These plasmid DNAs rapidly induced interleukin 6 secretion in vivo. It is expected that these vectors will contribute to the DNA inoculation against infectious disease and various cancers without adjuvant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2009

이 실험의 목적은 $EndoVac^{(R)}$과 $EndoActivator^{(R)}$를 이용한 근관세척시 근관 내 접종된 Enterococcus faecalis의 제거 효율을 기존의 irrigation needle을 이용한 방법과 비교 평가하고자 함이다. 발거된 70개의 단근치를 사용하였으며 .04 taper ProFile #40까지 근관형성 후 치아를 멸균하고 근관에 E. faecalis를 접종하고 배양하였다. 치아는 근관세척 방법에 따라 20개씩 3개의 실험군과 2개의 대조군으로 나누었다. 2.5% 치아염소산나트륨을 사용하여 근관세척 시행 후 일차 표본을 채취하였고, 다시 근관 내에 배양액을 채우고 24시간 동안 배양 후 이차 표본을 채취하였다. 표본은 colony forming units (CFU) 값을 얻기 위해 BHI agar plate에 배양하였다. 일차 표본 결과에서는 모든 실험치아 중 기존의 근관세척 방법을 이용한 하나의 근관에서 양성 배양을 보였다. 이차 표본 결과에서는 $EndoVac^{(R)}$ 실험군에서 가장 적은 양성 배양을 보였으며, 기존의 근관세척 방법과 비교시 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 $EndoVac^{(R)}$은 근관 내 접종된 E. faecalis의 제거에 있어 기존의 근관세척 방법보다 더 좋은 효율을 보였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.508-514
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• 2009

이 실험의 목적은 근관 내에 충전된 수산화칼슘의 제거 시 치근단 1/3에서 기존의 근관세정법과 $EndoActivator^{(R)}$, $EndoVac^{(R)}$ system의 세정 효율을 비교하고, 근관 세정 중 치근단공 개방 확인의 영향에 대해 평가하고자 함이다. 60개의 단근치를 사용하였고 ISO #35까지 근관성형 후 수산화칼슘을 충전하였다. 근관 세정법과 치근단공 개방 확인 유무에 따라 6개 실험군으로 나누어 세정하였다. 실험 치아를 양분하여 치근단 3 mm에서 근관 면적에 대한 잔존 수산화칼슘 면적의 백분율을 측정하였다. 실험결과 $EndoActivator^{(R)}$, $EndoVac^{(R)}$군이 기존의 근관 세정법 군에 비해 유의하게 높은 제거효율을 나타냈으며 (p<0.05), 치근단공 개방 확인 유무에 따른 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이 실험 결과에 따르면 기존의 근관세정법으로 효과적인 세정이 불가능했던 근관의 치근단 1/3부위에서 $EndoActivator^{(R)}$, $EndoVac^{(R)}$ system과 같은 근관 세정법이 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Purpose: Vaccum-assisted closure (VAC) has rapidly evolved into a widely accepted treatment of contaminated wounds, envenomations, infiltrations, and wound complications. This results in a sealed, moist environment where tissue is given the opportunity to survive as edema is removed and perfusion is increased. Many plastic surgeons now place a VAC device directly over the fasciotomy site at the time of the initial procedure. Large amounts of the fluid are withdrawn, and fasciotomies can be closed primarily sooner. This study was designed to observe the effect of VAC in preventing complications in snake bitten hands. Methods: In our study of three cases of snake bite, three of them underwent the VAC treatment & fasciotomy of the wound in the hand. This cases, the posterior compartment of the hand was bitten for a few days, releasing incisions were made of the posterior hand and 125 mmHg of continuous vacuum was applied to fasciomy incision site and the biting wound. The dressings were changed three times per week. Results: Our study examining the effects of applied vacuum in preventing snake bite wounds showed that the incidence of tissue necrosis and compartment syndrome was significantly lower for vacuum-treated wounds than for conservative wounds. Serum myoglobin, CK-MB, and CPK levels measured after fasciotomy incision were significantly decreased. We obtained satisfactory results from early dorsal fasciotomy, drainage of the edema with the VAC system, and then primary closure. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: Envenomation is a term implying that sufficient venom has been introduced into the body to cause either local signs at the site of the bite and/or systemic signs. Use of the vacuum-assisted closure device in snake bite can result in a decreased rate of tissue necrosis, lymphatic fluid collection, hemolytic fluid collection, and edema. Early fasciotomy of the dorsal hand and VAC apply is the alternative treatment of the snake bite.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1980

비닐요소(VU)와 초산비닐(VAc)를 라디칼혼성중합하고 VU-VAc혼성중합체를 methanolysis하여 요소기와 히드록시기를 가지는 수용성고분자인 VU-비닐알코올(VA)혼성중합체를 합성하였다. VU는 비닐중합성을 나타내며 이 결과는 Nozakura등의 보고와 일치한다. 수용액중에서 30몰%정도 이상 VU의 조성을 가지는 VU-VA혼성중합체의 Huggins정수는 대단히 큰 값으로 관측되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2019

In this study, the changes in microbial communities of lamb meat packaged in the air (plastic tray, PT) and in a vacuum pouch (VAC) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) during the storage at $4^{\circ}C$. For the PT lamb, the total viable count (TVC) was $10^7CFU/g$ on Day 5, and the dominated bacteria were Pseudomonas fragi, P. fluorescens, and Acinetobacter spp. For the VAC lamb, the TVC was $10^7CFU/g$ on Day 9, and the dominated bacteria were lactic acid bacteria, including Carnobacterium divergens, C. maltaromaticum, and Lactococcus piscium. One strain of Pseudomonas spp. also appeared in VAC lamb. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in VAC lamb was higher than that PT lamb, indicating a more important role of Enterobacteriaceae in spoilage for VAC lamb than that of PT lamb. The microbial compositions changed faster in the lamb stored in a PT than that stored in a VAC, and microbial community compositions of the late storage period were largely different from those of the early storage period for both the conditions. The findings of this study may guide improve the lamb hygiene and prolong the shelf life of the lamb.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2022

Purpose: A group of patients who were hospitalized for diabetic foot ulcers was classified according to the University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers, and we attempted to evaluate whether this staging system could be a criterion for treatment success using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients were diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers according to the University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Of these, 24 patients who were evaluated as stage B according to the staging system were classified as Group 1, and 8 patients in stage D were classified as Group 2. After applying VAC, the treatment success rate was compared by evaluating the size and severity of ulcers between the two groups. Results: The grade of granulation after VAC was on average 3.75±0.53 in Group 1 and 2.25±0.71 in Group 2. There was better granulation after VAC application in Group 1 (p<0.01). The success rate of the treatment was 22 cases (91.67%) in Group 1 and one case (12.5%) in Group 2. Thus there were statistically significant differences in the success rate of treatment between groups 1 and 2 (Pearson's chisquare test, p=0.01; odd ratio 77.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26~14.66; relative risk 4.30, 95% CI 1.26~14.66). Conclusion: These results suggest that there was a higher success rate of treatment with VAC in stage B patients. The University of Texas Staging System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers can thus be an index for applying VAC to patients with infective diabetic foot ulcers.