• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

Objective; This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia. Method: We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract and evaluated the effect by Pain Rating Score(P.R.S.) and Visual Analogue Scale(V.A.S.) scale. Result: Before theraphy, the grades of Song's scale were P.R.S. 80 and V.A.S. 100, Kim's sclae's P.R.S. 77 and V.A.S. 100. After theraphy, the grades of song's scale were P.R.S. 5 and V.A.S. 10, Kim's scales's P.R.S. 10 and V.A.S. 10 Conclusion: The treatment of Sa-am-acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V alloys exhibit a dominant acicular martensite phase (α'), which is characterized by an unstable energy state and highly localized corrosion susceptibility. Electrochemical critical localized corrosion temperature (E-CLCT, ISO 22910: 2020) and electrochemical critical localized corrosion potential (E-CLCP, ISO AWI 4631: 2021) were measured to analyze the localized corrosion resistance of the AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Although E-CLCP was measured under mild corrosive conditions such as human body, the validity of evaluating localized corrosion resistance of AM titanium alloys was demonstrated by comparison with E-CLCT. However, the mechanisms of resistance to localized corrosion on the as-received and heat-treated AM Ti-6Al-4V alloys under E-CLCT and E-CLCP differ at various temperatures because of differences in properties under localized corrosion and repassivation. The E-CLCT is mainly measured for initiation of localized corrosion on the AM titanium alloys based on temperature, whereas the E-CLCP yields repassivation potential of re-generated passive films of AM titanium alloys after breaking down.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.387-391
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• 1991

Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 growing on methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy was found to grow most rapidly (t$t_{d}$ =6h) at 30.deg.C in a mineral medium (pH 7.0) containing 0.5% (v/v) methanol which was agitated at 200 rpm (optimal cultivation condition). Cells grown under the optimal cultivation condition contained more spermidine, but less putrescine, than the cells grown on 2.5%(v/v) ( $t_{d}$ =8h ) or at 20.deg.C ( $t_{d}$ =8h ). Cells cultivated under the optimal condition was found to contain more spermidine than the cells grown at pH 6.0 (( $t_{d}$ =7h ) and pH 8.0 ($t_{d}$ =7.3h). the cells growing at the stationary phase under the optimal condition accumulated more spermine or putrescine than the cells growing at the same phase on 2.5%(v/v) methanol or at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. M. extorquens AM1 grown in a medium agitated at 100 rpm ( $t_{d}$ =8.8h ) contained less spermidine and spermine than the cells grown under the optimal cultivation condition.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

The phenomenon of vocal vibrato may be regarded as an acoustic representation of one of the most rapid and continuous changes in pitch and intensity that the human vocal mechanism is capable of producing. Singers are likely to use vibrato effectively to enrich their voice. The purpose of this study was to obtain acoustic measurements (vF0 and vAm) of 45 subjects (15 trot and 15 ballad singers and 15 non-singers) and to compare acoustic measurements of the vowel /a/ produced by 3 groups on 2 voice sampling conditions (prolongation and singing of /a/). Thirty singers of trot and ballad were selected by a producer and a concert director working for the KBS (Korean Broadcasting System). The MDVP was used to measure the acoustic parameters. A two-way MANOVA was used for statistical analyses. The results were as follows; Firstly, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in vF0 and vAm in prolongation of /a/, but in singing voice, there was a significant difference among 3 groups in vF0 and vAm. Secondly, there was an interaction between music genre and voice sampling condition in vF0, and vAm. Finally, trot singers sing with more vibrato than ballad singers. It was concluded that it is very important to analyze singers' voice including various voice conditions (prolongation, reading, conversation, and singing) and to identify differences of singing voice characteristics among music genre.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2020

Objectives: Nowadays cancer treatment is an important challenge in the medical world that needs better therapies. Many active secretions produced by insects such as honey bees used to discover new anticancer drugs. Bee venom (BV) has a potent anti inflammatory, anti cancer and tumor effects. The aim of present study is evaluation of anticancer effects induced by Apis mellifera venom (AmV) on cell Lines. Methods: AmV was selected for study on cancer cell lines. Total protein, molecular weight and LD50 of crude venom were determined. Then, cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. The A549, HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cell Lines were exposed by different concentration of AmV. The morphology of cells was determined and cell viability was studed by MTT assay. Evaluation of cell death was determined by and DNA fragmentation. Results: The results from MTT assay showed that 3.125 ㎍/mL of A549, 12.5 for HeLa and 6.25 ㎍/mL of MDA-MB-231 killed 50% of cells (p < 0.05). Morphological analysis and the results from hoescht staining and DNA fragmentation indicated that cell death induced by AmV was significantly apoptosis. Conclusion: The data showed that using lower dosage of AmV during treatment period cause inhibition of proliferation in time and dose dependant manner. Findings indicated that some ingredients of AmV have anticancer effects and with further investigation it can be used in production of anticancer drugs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 1980

The Service area in AM Broadcast Changes according to its transmitting frequency. It is also reduced by increase of the citizen noise. As a result, the efficency of transmitting Antenna should be higer in a low noise region as long as AM Broadcast does not build up its transmitting power. The efficiency of transmitting Antenna can also function as a low resistance connection to earth. Most Vertical Antenna used in the AM standard Broadcast band in the Korea have extensive radial ground systems beneath them which serve as image plane.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1971

Average and effective energies for 239Pu-Be, 241Am-Li and 241Am-F neutron sources have been calculated from a number of published data for the neutron spectra and for the dose equivalent as a function of neutron energies by a numerical method. Also a calculation of the dose equivalent conversion factors, i. e., the first collision dose equivalent and the surface (or multicollision) dose equivalent that equals the product of surface-absorbed dose and a corresponding quality factor, per unit fluence of neutrons from these sources has been carried out in the same way as before. The results are as follows : 1. for average energies 4.07$\pm$0.33, 0.42 and 1.41 MeV； 2. for effective energies based on the concept of the first collision process in the human body 4.45$\pm$0.344, 0.51 and 1.47 MeV; 3. for effective energies based on the concept of the multi-collision process in the human body 4.50$\pm$0.36, 0.50 and 1.45 MeV； 4. for fluence-first collision dose equivalent conversion factors (2.74$\pm$0.07)10$^{-8}$ , 1.58$\times$ 10$^{-8}$ and 2.34$\times$10$^{-8}$ rems/(n/$\textrm{cm}^2$); and 5. for fluence-surface dose equivalent conversion factors (3.55$\pm$0.09)10$^{-8}$ , 2.19$\times$10$^{-8}$ and 2.82$\times$10$^{-8}$ rems/(n/$\textrm{cm}^2$) : respectively.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 2019

Resistances to pitting corrosion of additive manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V alloys in 0.6 M NaBr and 0.6 M NaCl aqueous solutions were compared using micro-droplet cell techniques. With respect to the pitting corrosion resistance, this study focused on two different types of halide anions in aqueous solutions, i.e. $Br^-$ and $Cl^-$. The differences between $Br^-$ and $Cl^-$ halide anions for breakdown on passive films of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy were explained using Langmuir adsorption model with their equilibrium adsorption coefficients. The results of the analysis showed that the lower resistance to pitting potential of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy in $Br^-$ aqueous solution was attributed to the higher equilibrium adsorption coefficient of Br-. In addition, micro-electrochemical test results showed that the pitting corrosion resistance of dark grains in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy was lower as compared to that of bright grains due to the larger volume of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase that caused the susceptibility to pit initiation.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.441-445
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• 2007

In this paper we demonstrated the applications of OTFTs (organic thin film transistors) to flexible displays such as AM-EPD (active matrix electrophoretic display) and AM-OLED (active matrix organic light emitting diode), and also to integrated circuits. The OTFTs using pentacene semiconductor layer and PVP gate dielectric and Au S/D electrodes exhibited good performance for AM-EPD with the mobility of $0.59\;cm^{2}/V.sec,$ and with also good uniformity over 2.5" diagonal area. However, it is nor enough for AM-OLED requiring the mobility larger than $1\;cm^{2}/V.sec$ for large area displays. The integrated circuits also worked, producing the operating frequency of 1MHz. We need to develop a fabrication process to reduce parasitic capacitance for high frequency operation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2016

Background: The moderated neutron calibration fields using $^{241}Am$-Be sources and a graphite moderator have been constructed at the Facility of Radiation Standard (FRS) in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Materials and Methods: The neutron spectra of the fields were evaluated by the Monte-Carlo calculations and measurements using the Bonner Multi-sphere Spectrometer. Results and Discussion: The fields have continuous neutron spectra from several MeV to thermal neutron energy, with fluence-averaged energies of 0.84 MeV and 0.60 MeV. Reference values of fluence rates and ambient/personal dose equivalent rates were determined from neutron spectra by measurements. Conclusion: Currently, the fields are available for calibration or performance test of neutron measuring instruments.