• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

Diagnosing Hirschprung's disease is one of the clinical challenges of this disorder. In the stomach and the intestines, Cathepsin D was readily detected in cytoplasm of the rat gastric and in intestinal ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system. The objectives of the present study were to examine cathepsin D expression in ganglion cells of the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine of children and to determine the utility of immunohistochemical staining of cathepsin D for detection of immature ganglion cells. Paraffin blocks of 35 intestinal segments were reviewed for immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibody to cathepsin D and hematoxylineosin stainings from the compatible specimens. There were 9 aganglionic segments and 9 ganglionic segments of neonates with Hirschsprung's disease, 8 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease in neonates and 9 intestinal segments with non-Hirschsprung's disease infants over the age of 10 months. All ganglion cells showed intense granular cytoplasmic reactivity for cathepsin D regardless of maturity and all aganglionic segments had no expression for cathepsin D in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the intestine. However, histiocytes within the laminar propria and submucosa stained positively for cathepsin D. In conclusion, intestinal ganglion cells in children have reactivity for cathepsin D, threrfore immunohistochemical staining for cathepsin D can be used for identification of ganglion cells in neonates.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 1996

A rapid and sensitive method has been developed to detect a-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum by a two-site sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for human AFP within 1 h. To obtain the most sensitive and reliable MAbs. 12 kinds of MAbs (HPJ1 to HPJ12) as a capture antibody and 4 kinds of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated MAbs as a tracer antibody were investigated. Among these, only HPJ 10-HRP conjugated HPJ 1 (HPJ 10-HPJ $1^*$) and HPJ 11-HRP conjugated HPJ 10 (HPJ 11-HPJ $10^*$) were chosen as candidates based on the linearity of the standard curve and the sensitivity of the assay. To further characterize these two pairs. MAbs against human AFP were purified from hybridoma cells. conjugated with HRP. and then characterized to optimize the two-site sandwich ELISA The HPJ 10-HPJ $1^*$ pair showed a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml and a better reproducibility than the HPJ 11-HPJ $10^*$ pair when the human sera were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The results obtained for 480 randomly selected human sera showed 0~20 ng/ml of AFP values for the normal human sera. To test the utility of our kit, AFP concentrations were determined for 951 human sera (including 85 normal sera, 480 random blood sera, 213 HBsAg-positives. 50 anti-HCV antibody positives. and 47 malignant diseases) and compared with other commercially available AFP detecting kits. These results show that the present two-site sandwich ELISA method is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable procedure for detecting AFP in human serum.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality, contrast characteristics, and possible clinical utility of Medium Tau Inversion Recovery(MTIR) sequence with white matter suppression in patients with brain cortical lesion. Materials and methods : Two normal volunteers and twenty-one patients with cortical lesion were scanned with MTIR as well as other MR imaging sequences. Gray-white matter contrast was evaluated objectively using region-of-interest calculations, including percent contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR). MTIR sequence was visually compared with other sequences in 21 patients with cortical lesion including conspicuity and detection rate. Results : MTIR sequence had the highest present contrast and CNR between the gray matter and white matter. In twenty-one cases of cortical lesion including cortical dysplasia, MTIR sequence improved delineation and conspicuity of lesion, but MTIR sequence could not detect new lesions. Conclusion : The MTIR sequence well delineated the cortical lesions, particularly in including cortical dysplasia. It may be used as an adjunctive imaging sequence in case of poor gray and white matter differentiation with conventional T1-weighted sequences.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

Purpose: Rome criteria are considered the gold standard for diagnosing functional constipation. The modified Bristol stool form scale (m-BSFS) was validated to measure stool form in children. However, neither the potential use of the m-BSFS as a tool to facilitate the diagnosis of potential constipation, nor the agreement between m-BSFS and stool consistency by Rome has been studied. Our objective is to determine if m-BSFS is a reliable tool to facilitate detection of constipation; and the agreement between stool form by m-BSFS and hard stool criteria in Rome. Methods: A survey tool with the Rome III criteria and the m-BSFS was developed. A Likert-scale addressed frequency of each stool form on the m-BSFS. Responses to Rome III and m-BSFS were compared. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the m-BSFS was 79.2% and 66.0% respectively; and in children <4 years. improved to 81.2% and 75.0% respectively. There was poor agreement between hard stools by m-BSFS and the painful or hard bowel movement question of Rome Criteria. Conclusion: The potential utility of m-BSFS as a reasonably good tool to facilitate the diagnosis of potential constipation in children is shown. The poor agreement between painful or hard stool question in Rome III, and ratings for hard stool on the m-BSFS illustrates that one's perception may differ between a question and a picture. A useful pictorial tool to appraise stool form may, thus, be a favorable complement in the process of enquiry about bowel habits in well-child care.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1960-1969
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• 2017

There have been ongoing researches to identify and analyze the patterns of electric power IoT data inside sensor nodes to supplement the stable supply of power and the efficiency of energy consumption. This study set out to propose an analysis process for electric power IoT data with the K-means algorithm, which is an unsupervised learning technique rather than a supervised one. There are a couple of problems with the old K-means algorithm, and one of them is the selection of cluster number K in a heuristic or random method. That approach is proper for the age of standardized data. The investigator proposed an analysis process of selecting an automated cluster number K through principal component analysis and the space division of normal distribution and incorporated it into electric power IoT data. The performance evaluation results show that it recorded a higher level of performance than the old algorithm in the cluster classification and analysis of pitches and rolls included in the communication bodies of utility poles.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7345-7349
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• 2013

Background: Because of the high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt, new markers with better diagnostic performance than alpha-feto protein (AFP) are needed to help in early diagnosis. The aim of this work was to compare the clinical utility of both serum and mRNA glypican3 (GPC3) as probable diagnostic markers for HCC among Egyptian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects, including 40 with HCC, 10 with cirrhosis and 10 normal controls were analyzed for serum GPC3 (sGPC3) by ELISA. GPC-3 mRNA from circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells was amplified by RT-PCR. Both markers were compared to some prognostic factors of HCC, and sensitivity of both techniques was compared. Results: Serum glypican-3 and AFP were significantly higher in the HCC group compared to cirrhotic and normal controls (p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were (95% each) for sGlypican-3, (82.5% and 85%) for AFP, and (100% and 90%) for Glypican3 mRNA, and (80% and 95%) for double combination between sGPC3 and AFP respectively. Conclusion: Both serum GPC-3 and GPC-3mRNA are promising diagnostic markers for early detection of HCC in Egyptian patients. RT- PCR proved to be more sensitive (100%) than ELISA (95%) in detecting glypican3.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.191-191
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• 1999

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS)는 일반적으로 널리 사용하는 X선 회절분광기로 분석하기 힘든 chemical 또는 biological system의 structural analyses에 매우 유용한 분석방법이다. 특히 세라믹이나 유전체 비정질 재료의 미세 원자 구조에 관한 정보를 얻는데는 가장 강력한 분석방법중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 대부분의 EXAFS 실험은 방사광 가속기를 이용하여 수행하였다. 그런데 신제품 개발의 순환주기가 급속하게 단축되는 현실적인 문제에 부응하기 위하여 실험실에서 EXAFS 실험을 수행할 수 있는 system을 개발하게 되었다. 개발한 XIEES 장비는 rotating anode 형의 18kW X-ray source, Optical system, Detection system, Stepping motor control system, vacuum system, Utility 등으로 구성하였다. Optical system에서의 6개의 Johanson type monochromator를 사용하여 분석가능한 x-ray energy range를 480eV에서 41keV까지 구현하였다. 이는 산소에서 우라늄까지 분석이 가능함을 의미하는 것으로, 산화물 연구에 많이 활용할 것으로 기대한다. XIEES는 투과 및 형광 X-ray를 검출할 수 있는 기능과 X-ray에 의해 여기 되는 모든(광전자, Aiger 전자, 이차전자)들을 검출할 수 있는 기능을 갖추고 있는데 이를 Total Electron Yield 측정이라고 한다. Total Electron Yield 측정은 박막 시료와 같이 투과가 되지 않는 시료를 분석할 뿐만 아니라, 경원소 분석, 낮은 에너지에서 흡수 edge가 나타나는 L-edge 측정을 통한 전자 구조 분석 등에 유용한다. 실험실용 XIEES 장비는 방사광가속기에 비해 x-ray flux가 크게 뒤지는 문제와 Total Electron Yield를 측정하는 데 있어서 source에서 나오는 x-ray beam이 진공용기 안에서 산란되어 이차전자를 여기하고 이 이차전자들이 전자검출기에 유입되어 측정에 영향을 미치는 background 문제 등이 있다. 이 두 가지 문제를 해결하기 위하여 Capillary tube를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 실험실용 XIEES 장비를 소개하고 이를 이용하여 Cu standard 시료에서 측정한 EXAFS 결과와 Capillary tube를 사용하여 얻은 x-ray flux 증진 및 background 제거 효과에 대해서 발표한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.433-439
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze outpatients of glaucoma aged 20 or older about their five-year use of ophthalmology and investigate trend of prevalence in glaucoma patients. The Korea Health Panel (KHP) data from 2008 to 2012 were analyzed using frequency and chi-square tests. The outpatients of glaucoma have increased significantly from 0.43% in 2008 to 0.47% in 2009, 0.49% in 2010, 0.61% in 2011, and 0.75% in 2012 (p<0.001). The outpatients of glaucoma are in the 20's to 70's, and higher utility rate is shown in those who are older (p<0.001), and the rate of use tends to increase each year in all the age groups (p<0.001). The medical care utilization attributed to glaucoma in Korea tends to increase lately; therefore, it is a crucial task to realize early detection and management according to the characteristics of different age groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.323-333
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• 2016

Background: Ovarian cancer remains a major worldwide health care issue due to the lack of satisfactory diagnostic methods for early detection of the disease. Prior studies on the role of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in detecting ovarian cancer presented conflicting results. New tools to improve the accuracy of identifying malignancy are urgently needed. We here aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression in comparison to serum CA125 and HE4 in discriminating benign from malignant pelvic masses. Materials and Methods: One-hundred Egyptian women were enrolled in this study, including 60 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and 20 benign ovarian tumor patients, as well as 20 apparently healthy women. Preoperative serum levels of CA125 and HE4 were measured by immunoassays. Tissue expression levels of genes encoding CA125 and HE4 were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic performance of CA125 and HE4, measured either as mRNA or protein levels, was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The serum CA125+HE4 combination and serum HE4, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.935 and 0.932, respectively, performed significantly better than serum CA125 (AUC=0.592; P<0.001). Tissue CA125 and HE4 (AUC=1) performed significantly better than serum CA125 (P<0.001), serum HE4 (P=0.016) and the serum CA125+HE4 combination (P=0.018). Conclusions: Measurement of tissue CA125 and HE4 gene expression not only improves discriminatory performance, but also broadens the range of differential diagnostic possibilities in distinguishing EOC from benign ovarian tumors.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

We present domestic efforts for superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) application in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) grid and pending points at issue. KEPCO's decision to upgrade the 154 kV/22.9 kV main transformer from 60 MVA to 100 MVA cast a problem of high fault current in the 22.9 kV distribution lines. The grid planners supported adopting an SFCL to control the fault current. This environment friendly to SFCL application must be highly dependent upon the successful development of SFCL having specifications that domestic utility required. The required conditions are (1) small size of not greater than twice of 22.9 kV gas insulated switch-gear (GIS), (2) sustainability of current limitation without the line breaking by circuit breakers (CB) for maximum 1.5 seconds. Also, optionally, recommended is (3) the reclosing capability. Conventional resistive SFCLs do not meet (1) $\sim$ (3) all together. A hybrid SFCL is an excellent solution to meet the conditions. The hybrid SFCL consists of HTS SFCL components for fault detection and line commutation, a fast switch (FS) to break the primary path, and a limiter. This characteristic structure not only enables excellent current limiting performances and the reclosing capability, but also allows drastic reduction of HTS volume and small size of the cryostat, resulting in economic feasibility and compactness of the equipment. External current limiter also enables long term limitation since it is far less sensitive to heat generation than HTS. Semi-active operation is another advantage of the hybrid structure. We will discuss more pending points at issues such as maintenance-free long term operation, small size to accommodate the in-house substation, passive and active control, back-up plans, diagnosis, and so on.