• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-95
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• 2007

A study was conducted in order to develope HACCP model in school lunch in Korea. Results: 1. Of 22 menus 4(18%) were non heating processes (#1), 2(9%) were food handling by using hands (#2), and 16(73%) were heating processes (#3). Of 279 menus 36(12.9%) belong to process #1, 8(2.9%) to process #2, and 235(84%) to process #3. 2. The critical control points for process #1 were contamination by hands of food handlers, and unsanitary food preparation habits of food handlers. Those for process #2 were improper heating temperature, contaminations by food handlers' hands, and unsanitary food handling habits, and cross contamination by unclean utensils and equipment. 3. Management criteria for the CCPs were conditions of food storage, refrigeration, freezing, food cooking temperature, personal hygiene, washing and sanitization of utensils and equipment. 4. Monitoring criteria for CCPs were observation, temperature checking, inspection of utensils and equipment, and practice of good personal hygiene. 5. Corrective actions were refusal of unsafe products, correction of improper temperature, proper cleaning and sanitization, and proper reheating time and temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.378-391
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• 2004

The Korean tea culture appeared in a variety of ceremonies of the royal household. It was a method of religion for scholars and Buddhist monks, and sometimes it also was a refinement, too. in addition, it played an important role as a household medicine for the common people. As mentioned above, the Korean tea culture has a deep-rooted effect on the Korean traditional culture from the spiritual aspect, art, learning, to the practical life. Recently the tea culture has been rapidly coming into vogue. So the tea culture has been recognised not only to be an index of the cultural level, but also to be an important cultural phenomenon. Besides, It came to be a major role as a reception method by which we can communicate with quests from ail over the world. Because preferred tea was different according to the times and to the regions, tea utensils have been changed along with the tea culture. The present Korean tea culture has a tendency to go to the somewhat different way from the traditional one. This study has the purpose to let us apprehend the Korean traditional culture and hold the national pride. In addition, the value of the Tea should be assessed more properly, and our own Tea that is unique, simple, and natural, should be settled in the our culture.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.333-342
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological quality for each stage of the kimbap manufacturing process in summer and winter. Under the various controlled conditions through the simulation, the time-temperature data were collected and the microbiological quality(including total plate count, coliforms, and fecal coliform count) were evaluated. To determine the expected shelf life of Kimbap, a microbiolgical analysis according to the length of the storage time was performed. The microbiological analysis on both sanitary and unsanitary utensils was compared. The microbiological quality of the raw materials of Kimbap in summer was not at an acceptable level, but that of the heat-treated raw materials of Kimbap met the requirement according to the standards set by the Natick Research Center. The number of the microorganisms of the unsanitary utensils and the Kimbap made from unsanitary utensils was more than the acceptable criteria. Sanitary management is necessary to prohibit cross-contamination and to manufacture Kimbap safely. Results from storage times and storage temperature conditions(chilled and room-temperature storage) showed that the expected shelf-life of the Kimbap with the room-temperature storage was as less than 3 hours in summer, while it was as 7-10 hours in winter.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing the HACCP system on foodservice establishments. At first, the hygienic conditions were measured by microbiological hazard analyses of the cooking utensils and working areas. In order to solve the detected problems, the HACCP system was implemented, after what was considered a sufficient settlement period following the initial assessment, then microbiological verification was performed again. In relation to the cooking utensils and equipment(kitchen knives, cutting boards, knives for shredding vegetables, refrigerators, baskets, barts, working tables, preparation tables, tungs, dish-clothes and drains) the microbiological inspection on the Total Plate Count, Coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, were conducted with regard to the working areas(working tables, preparation tables, seasoning's shelves, serving tables, drinking water tables, refrigerators, storage rooms and dining tables), the Total Plate Count and Fungi were also examined. According to the microbiological hazard analyses there were many problems, especially with cutting boards, baskets, barts, dish-clothes and sinkballs. However, by introducing the HACCP system, the microbiological hazard levels were able to be controlled and lowered, and the total aerial bacteria in the working areas of the foodservice establishments were detected at levels below 6 CFU/plate.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

In order to cope with risk issues of overseas on 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA) known to used in the production of polyamide resins, we investigated on 4,4'-MDA migration from plastic cooking utensils. 93 samples of plastic cooking utensils were collected from the retail markets in 7 major cities of Korea during March to June, 2007 and 4,4'-MDA levels migrated to food simulants, water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol and n-heptane, on plastic cooking utensils was quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 4,4'-MDA was detected in 14 samples, and the levels of 4,4'-MDA migrated to food simulants were in the range of $0.001{\sim}0.026$ ppm. Among them, the 4,4'-MDA migration amounts of 2 samples were above 0.01 ppm defined by the EU.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the microbial contamination level of meat processing in butcher's shops in Seoul from January to November in 2010. A total of 695 samples (112 cotton work gloves, 342 utensils and equipments, 241 meat samples) were collected and the environmental hygiene of 89 butcher's shops was investigated. The aerobic plate count (APC), E. coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. were tested in the samples. As a result, the level of count on APC ranged $0{\sim}2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils & equipments, $1{\times}10^2{\sim}2.7{\times}10^8$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $1{\times}10^2{\sim}9.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g from the meat samples. The level of count on E. coli ranged $0{\sim}2.5{\times}10^3\;CFU/cm^2$ from the utensils, $0{\sim}8.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/glove from the cotton work gloves and $0{\sim}1.4{\times}10^5$ CFU/g from the meat samples, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were detected in 11 samples and 2 samples from the cotton work gloves, utensils & equipments, respectively. The sanitation standard operating procedure (SSOP) was applicated at 49 butcher's shops. In order to improve sanitation of meat in butcher's shops, in this study, applications of SSOP, systemic sanitation education for employees, hygenic control of utensils & equipments, and continuous monitoring for microorganisms will be required.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.327
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• pp.72-77
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• 2020

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.235-243
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• 2007

The results of hotel management have revealed a lot of problems in regard to the suitable placement of kitchen facilities, equipment and utensils, appropriate positioning of kitchen workers, and management of kitchen supplies. To solve these problems, this study examined the relationships among kitchen equipment, layouts, job satisfaction, a sense of self-competence, and production efficiency, proposing the efficient management measures of a reasonable kitchen system. The following are the results. Kitchen facilities had a significant effect on job satisfaction, not on a sense of self-competence. Hotel cooks' awareness of kitchen utensils as well as kitchen layouts had significant influence on both job satisfaction and a sense of self-competence whereas hotel cooks' job satisfaction and their sense of self-competence had great influence on production efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.332-335
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• 2018

인건비 상승으로 여러 치킨 프렌차이즈 업체들이 무인 자동화 치킨 조리기를 개발을 진행하고 있으나, 포스와의 연동이 미흡하여 완전한 무인 자동화 치킨 조리기로 완성이 되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 그리고 포스 정보는 이더넷 기반으로 다수의 명령 전달에 대해 반영이 되어 있지 않아 다수의 데이터로 병목현상이 발생하여 지연시간이 증가하는 문제점을 보유 하고 있으며, 추가 네트워크 장치로 인해 기존에 구축된 안정적인 환경을 해칠 수 있는 우려가 있다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 기존 포스 정보 데이터를 수집하여 치킨 조리기에 데이터를 전송할 수 있는 유무선 통신모듈과 통신 모듈 추가로 인해 발생할 수 있는 문제 해결이 가능한 데이터 교환 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to classify kitchen appliances, to identify the possession of present kitchen appliances, and to predict the future need for appliances of Seoul residents. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires for this study and the sample consisted of 540 households. The results of this study were as follows : The kitchen appliances were classified into the six catagories as major appliances, portable electric appliances, knives small kitchen utensils, cooking utensils, and cookers. There were significant differences in the present possession of kitchen appliances among socioeconomic classes, family life span, housing size, and housing types. And the respondents wanted to possess dish washers, garbage disposals, green grinders, herb electric pots, yogury makers in the future.