• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.74-79
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• 2001

A one-dimensional flood routing model was formulated to simulate the flood flow of drainage sub-canal using the continuity equation of paddy field and the momentum and continuity equation of drainage sub-canal. The model was applied for evaluating the hydraulic characteristics of drainage sub-canal at large-sized paddy fields. The model applicability was evaluated with field data and the simulated results were in good agreement with the observed data.

• KCID journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2001

A plenty of wastes by greenhouse cultivation affect soil and water pollution much more than those by rice cultivation in paddy field. The greenhouse on paddy field has been increased dramatically, however their physical information such as the location an

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09b
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• pp.5-56
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• 2002

The problems in the current domestic forage production were evaluated, and the prospective improvement was suggested in this paper. Grassland development in forest, production of high quality forages in upland and paddy land, efficient utilization of rice straw, development of new varieties of forages suitable for our environmental conditions and imported forages were described Among them, preferential production and utilization of forages using paddy field after rice harvest . should be enlarged for domestic supply of forages in Korea. Several studies were carried out to select the promising forage crops and barley cultivars for whole crop silage production, to determine productivity, nutritive value and production cost of forages produced in paddy field, and feeding effect of forages with Hanuwoo and milking cow for whole crop silage with forages produced in paddy field, 1999 to 2001, and also discussed restraint factors and activation plans for enlargement of forage production in paddy land. The promising forage crops in paddy field were rye and barley for Middle region, and rye, barley, early maturing Italian ryegrass and wheat for Southern region. The promising barley cultivars for whole crop silage in paddy field were Albori in Suwon, Keunalbori, Milyang 92, Saessalbori, and Naehanssalbori in Iksan, and Keunalbori, Albori, Naehanssalbori, and Saegangbori in Milyang, respectively. Silage production, quality and animal palatability of silage by trench and round bale were also compared. The production yields of whole crop barley silage(WBS) were 17,135kg as a fresh matter, and 6,011kg as a dry matter per ha, and the quality of WBS was 2∼3 grade, while that of rice straw silage was 4 grade as a farm basis. The production cost of WBS per kg was 83won as a fresh matter, and 238won as a dry matter. Feeding of WBS as forages on Hanwoo was very desirable for the improvement of live-weight gain, beef quality and farm income, particularly in growing stage of Hanwoo. Milk production and income were also increased, and feed cost was decreased by feeding of WBS. The daily voluntary intake of WBS in milking cow was 26.3kg as a fresh matter(DM 7.7kg) per head. Milk production when WBS was fed, was very similar to that of imported hay feeding such as Kentucky bluegrass or domestic corn silage. The issues to be solved in near future f3r stable forage production and supply in paddy land are sustainable livestock-forages policy, development & seed production of new varieties of barley, rye, Italian ryegrass and other promising forages, efficient demand & supply system of forages, solidification for mass production and utilization of forages, efficient application management of animal slurry on paddy field considering environmental agriculture/livestock industry, and break k development of bottleneck technique in production field. Domestic production & supply of high cost agricultural machine (round baler, wrapper, handler and so on), plastic wrapping film, and silage additives are also important.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2010

To manage the effluent nutrients amounts from rice paddy fields using free range ducks or rice bran, we evaluated the effects of a purifying paddy field which is no fertilizer, no pesticides, and dense rice seedling having a concept of constructed wetland. The experimental paddy field was located at downstream in the watershed of ducks using rice culture area in Milyang. The purifying paddy of land design were treated with seeding method, and vegetation type. As land design, direct seeding on plane, and direct seeding on high-ridge field in 2007. Planting rice only, and planting rice with water hyacinth were treated as vegetation type in purifying paddy in 2008. The purifying paddy fields were effective to reduce amount of T-N and T-P contents in effluent to 33.2~45.3%, and 53.1~55.4%, respectively. The direct seeding on high-ridge treatment, having long residence time of effluent water was more effective than plane plot as T-N 0.29 $g^{-1}m^{-2}d^{-1}$, and T-P 0.031 $g^{-1}m^{-2}d^{-1}$. The planting rice with water hyacinth treatment was effective than planting rice only as T-N 0.23 $g^{-1}m^{-2}d^{-1}$, and T-P 0.049 $g^{-1}m^{-2}d^{-1}$. The optimum area of purifying paddy field to treats all effluent were found out 3.2~4.7% of rice culture area using free range ducks, and rice bran at upper stream.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to develop a hydrologic simulation model to estimate surface drainage for irrigation districts consisting of paddy and protected cultivation, and to evaluate the applicability of the developed model. The model consists of three sub-models; agricultural supply, paddy block drainage, and protected cultivation runoff. The model simulates daily total drainage as the sum of paddy field drainage, irrigation canal drainage, and protected cultivation runoff at the outlets of the irrigation districts. The agricultural supply sub-model was formulated considering crop water requirement for growing seasons and agricultural water management loss. Agricultural supply was calculated for use as input data for the paddy block sub-model. The paddy block drainage sub-model simulates paddy field drainage based on water balance, and irrigation canal drainage as a fraction of agricultural supply. Protected cultivation runoff is calculated based on NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) curve number method. The Idong reservoir irrigation district was selected for surface drainage monitoring and model verification. The parameters of model were calibrated using a trial and error technique, and validated with the measured data from the study site. The model can be a useful tool to estimate surface drainage for irrigated districts consisting of paddy and protected cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.749-756
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• 2000

Chemical application, one of the most important crop management processes happened to cause spray drift, that would threaten farmers in field as well as dwellers in rural region. Spray drift was affected by micro-meteorological parameters. In Korea, a boom sprayer was introduced but good effects of a boom sprayer was not evaluated. A study to evaluate short distance drift characteristics of a boom sprayer in paddy fields has been undergoing and determining wind characteristics in paddy field was the main purpose of this paper. Micro-meteorological information has been pre-requisite information for evaluating drift in both long and short distances or in both theoretical and experimental ways. Wind velocity, Reynolds stresses, turbulence intensity, skewness, kurtosis etc. were evaluated with height from the ground using a 2-dimensional probe and a hot wire anemometer system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2004

A finite volume model is developed to simulate the surface irrigation at a paddy field. The model's capabilities are validated through comparison with the simulafed results and the observed data obtained by various experimental tests, and the simulated results are in good agreement with the observed pending depth. The result of surface irrigation simulation shows that the longer the paddy field's the length of long-sided becomes, the longer the advance and storage time is taken. To analyze surface irrigation performance with variable inflow rate, three patterns of flow variation-constant rate, initially high then low, and initially low then high-were studied. The results show that at the pattern with initially high followed by low during the latter half of the irrigation the advance time is shortest, but the pending depth of irrigation completion and irrigation effiency are the little difference between irrigation patterns.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of combine crawler attaching slurry spreader on soil and growth of rye. The performance test at actual field was conducted to test for possibility of practical use. Field test of the slurry spreader was operated in upland and paddy field. Experiments was conducted to compare the effects of the soil damage and crop productivity incorporating Pig slurry by two different types of slurry spreader. In this experiment a slurry spreader using crawler of combine have been designed and developed to enhance the operation in small field and reduce e damage of soil structure. but it was not suitable for transference in long distance. Conventional tractor mounted vacuum is not suitable for $71.6\%$ water condition in the small areas of paddy land. But the slurry spreader using crawler could be controlled the working point and moving by crawler in paddy land of small area. The wheels depths of soil in the supplementary application in the rye field was 4.9 m in tractor mounted spreader. but the wheels depth of crawler attaching spreader was 1.6cm. The dry matter yield of rye was reduced by $12\%$ in supplementary application of slurry due to mechanical damage from passage of the tires. This is particularly noticeable at high soil moisture condition in paddy land. It was concluded that the slurry spreader developed in this study could be successfully used for basal and supplementary application of slurry in rye paddy field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.591-597
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• 1996

To straighten the path that farm machinery follows in paddy fields, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the tracks that these machines leave behind. However, there are no known methods for making such measurements and evaluations since it is difficult to accurately trace the paths that the machine make in paddy fields. Therefore, a measuring system has been developed which can accurately recored the path of a farm machinery in a field by measuring the horizontal straight-line distance from the side of the field to the machine. This system consists of a track subsystem on the machine and a range finder system. A measuring appraratus is installed on a flatcar which runs on rails over 50 m long at the side of the filed. The track subsystem uses a CCD camera to track the movement of the machine in the field which is following a lengthwise path. The range finder subsystem measures the distance that the measuring apparatus has traveled on the rails and the distance from the app ratus to the machine in the field. This system makes it possible to record the path that the machine travels. Even though differences in traveling distance arise between the measuring apparatus and the farm machine, these differences are detected by image processing , which allows the machine in the field to be located accurately. The short(0.05 second) time required for image processing is enough to follow an object . In the present study, this system was able to measure the path that a moving tractor makes. Even though a lag of up to 0.4 meters occurred, this system did not miss its target during operation of the track subsystem. Thus the path measuring system developed here is able to record vehicle paths automatically by following the movement of vehicles in the field and measuring the distance to them. It is expected to come into use in such applications as unmanned moving vehicle tests.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to assess the statistics and associated criteria for field-scale model used to simulate nutrient concentrations in paddy field. CREAMS-PADDY, a modified version of the field-scale CREAMS model, simulates the hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient cycles in paddy fields was applied in this study. The model was calibrated and validated using data from study rice paddy fields in Republic of Korea. The calibration statistics include mean and the minimum-maximum range associated with a "temporal window" that spans a period of several days. Because nutrient concentrations in paddy filed are typically sampled infrequently (on a weekly basis, at best) and represent only an instant in time, it is not reasonable to expect any model to simulate a daily average concentration equal to an observed value on a particular day. The 5-day window and related calibration statistics were applied in this study and the applicability of this concept was tested for field-scale water quality model. As a result of calibration and validation, the ponded water nutrient concentration values showed only small changes except the fertilization period. Because of the small changes in ponded water concentration, the size of 5-day window was too small to capture the observed values. Further study is required to establish the 5-day window calibration method for field-scale water quality modeling.